[Gradle] Run DependencyVersionChecker before accessing Android DSL extensions in FlutterPlugin.apply (#194918)

## Description

Part of [#180137](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/180137),
[#166550](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/166550).

I broke the check in PR 7/11
([#193693](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/193693)) in the new
DSL migration for users that were on AGP 8.11. This fixes the mistake
and adds a test. This will likely need to be cherry picked.

<details>
<summary>Agent authored details</summary>

### Related PR

- Follow-up PR:
[#195006](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/195006). Because
`#194918` is a cherry-pick candidate, it only replaces the
`OUT_OF_SUPPORT_RANGE_PROPERTY` check in `FlutterPlugin.apply` with a
typed `catch (e: DependencyValidationException)`. Removing
`OUT_OF_SUPPORT_RANGE_PROPERTY` itself—which touches 7 property setters,
a task action, and 14 test assertions across
`DependencyVersionChecker.kt` and `DependencyVersionCheckerTest.kt`—is
split into [#195006](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/195006) so
this cherry-pick stays minimal.

### Background

When [#193813](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/193813)
(`ce6e766ad1c`) raised the minimum supported AGP version in
`DependencyVersionChecker` to `9.1.1` and bumped the compile-time
`agpVersion` in `packages/flutter_tools/gradle/build.gradle.kts` from
`8.11.1` to `9.1.1`, the Kotlin compiler began emitting AGP 9 binary
method signatures for calls against `ApplicationExtension` (such as
`ApplicationExtension.getDefaultConfig()Lcom/android/build/api/dsl/ApplicationDefaultConfig;`,
whereas in AGP 8.x `CommonExtension.getDefaultConfig()` returned
`DefaultConfig` without a covariant bridge on `ApplicationExtension`).

Because `FlutterPlugin.apply` invoked `addFlutterTasks(project)` (which
calls `configureAbis` -> `configureAbiWithoutSplits` ->
`extension.defaultConfig.ndk` and `DslVersionCodes.from(appExtension)`
introduced in [#193693](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/193693)
/ [#192488](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/192488)) before
running `DependencyVersionChecker.checkDependencyVersions(project)`,
building an AGP 8.x project crashed during `addFlutterTasks` with:

```text
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'com.android.build.api.dsl.ApplicationDefaultConfig com.android.build.api.dsl.ApplicationExtension.getDefaultConfig()'
```

before reaching
`DependencyVersionChecker.checkDependencyVersions(project)`, preventing
the user from seeing the actionable minimum AGP version error message
and upgrade guidance.

### Changes

1. **`FlutterPlugin.kt`**:
- Moves `FlutterPluginUtils.detectApplyingKotlinGradlePlugin(project)`
and the `shouldSkipDependencyChecks` /
`DependencyVersionChecker.checkDependencyVersions(project)` block to the
beginning of `FlutterPlugin.apply(project)` (immediately after
`this.project = project`), before `addFlutterTasks(project)` and all
`ApplicationExtension` / Android DSL accesses.
- Replaces the `OUT_OF_SUPPORT_RANGE_PROPERTY` extra-property check in
`FlutterPlugin.apply` with a typed `catch (e:
DependencyValidationException)` that rethrows
`DependencyValidationException` directly and logs any other `Exception`,
removing the comment that described `OUT_OF_SUPPORT_RANGE_PROPERTY`.
2. **`FlutterPluginTest.kt`**:
- Adds `FlutterPlugin apply checks dependency versions before
configuring project`, verifying via `verifyOrder` that
`FlutterPluginUtils.detectApplyingKotlinGradlePlugin(project)` and
`DependencyVersionChecker.checkDependencyVersions(project)` run before
task registration, `AndroidComponentsExtension` callbacks
(`finalizeDsl`, `onVariants`), and `ApplicationExtension` DSL
configuration (`defaultConfig`, `buildTypes`).
- Adds `FlutterPlugin apply rethrows DependencyValidationException and
logs other exceptions`, verifying both exception branches without
relying on the extra property, and stubs supported Gradle and AGP
versions in `setupTestProjectEnvironment` /
`setupMockComponentsExtension`.
3. **`packages/flutter_tools/gradle/AGENTS.md`**:
- Updates the `Matrix Verification` bullet on line 40 to reference the
supported AGP and Gradle versions defined in
`DependencyVersionChecker.kt`.

### Verification

- **Unit test negative/positive verification**:
- Moving `DependencyVersionChecker` after `addFlutterTasks` or moving
`detectApplyingKotlinGradlePlugin` after `DependencyVersionChecker`
fails `FlutterPlugin apply checks dependency versions before configuring
project`.
- Reverting the typed `catch (e: DependencyValidationException)` to the
property check fails `FlutterPlugin apply rethrows
DependencyValidationException and logs other exceptions`.
  - `./gradlew test` with the fix applied: all tests pass.
- **End-to-end reproduction with AGP 8.11.1 and Gradle 9.3.1**:
- Before fix: failed at `FlutterPlugin.configureAbiWithoutSplits` with
`java.lang.NoSuchMethodError:
'com.android.build.api.dsl.ApplicationDefaultConfig
com.android.build.api.dsl.ApplicationExtension.getDefaultConfig()'`.
- After fix: fails cleanly with `Error: Your project's Android Gradle
Plugin version (Android Gradle Plugin version 8.11.1) is lower than
Flutter's minimum supported version of Android Gradle Plugin version
9.1.1. Please upgrade your Android Gradle Plugin version.`
- **Formatting**:
- `ktlint 1.5.0` with
`--editorconfig=dev/bots/test/analyze-test-input/.editorconfig
--baseline=dev/bots/test/analyze-test-input/ktlint-baseline.xml` passed
with zero findings.

</details>

---

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we expect every widget to implement].
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above.
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`///`).
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linked a website documentation issue or PR in [flutter/website] (or
verified none is needed).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

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