Simplify the usage of Navigator's routes argument

(These are changes cherry-picked from in-flight branches since they are
more independent and could be helpful even without those changes.)

- Change RouteBuilder's signature to take a single argument in which the
  other fields are placed, so that we can keep iterating on those
  arguments without having to break compatibility each time. Also, this
  makes defining route builders much simpler (only one argument to
  ignore rather than a variable number).

- Expose the next performance to RouteBuilders, since sometimes the
  route itself might not be where it's used.

- Allow BuildContext to be used to walk children, just like it can for
  ancestors

- Allow BuildContext to be used to get the Widget of the current
  BuildContext

- Allow StatefulComponentElement to be referenced with a type
  specialisation so that you don't have to cast when you know what the
  type you're dealing with actually is.
diff --git a/examples/game/example_effect_line.dart b/examples/game/example_effect_line.dart
index 4a6e7cc..05323d0 100644
--- a/examples/game/example_effect_line.dart
+++ b/examples/game/example_effect_line.dart
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     );
   }
 
-  Column _buildColumn(NavigatorState navigator, Route route) {
+  Column _buildColumn(RouteArguments args) {
     return new Column([
       new Flexible(child: _buildSpriteWidget()),
       _buildTabBar()
diff --git a/examples/game/lib/main.dart b/examples/game/lib/main.dart
index a93038d..2cb407a 100644
--- a/examples/game/lib/main.dart
+++ b/examples/game/lib/main.dart
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@
     );
   }
 
-  Widget _buildGameScene(NavigatorState navigator, Route route) {
+  Widget _buildGameScene(RouteArguments args) {
     return new SpriteWidget(_game, SpriteBoxTransformMode.fixedWidth);
   }
 
-  Widget _buildMainScene(navigator, route) {
+  Widget _buildMainScene(RouteArguments args) {
     return new Stack([
       new SpriteWidget(new MainScreenBackground(), SpriteBoxTransformMode.fixedWidth),
       new Column([
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@
                 _sounds,
                 (lastScore) {
                   setState(() {_lastScore = lastScore;});
-                  navigator.pop();
+                  args.navigator.pop();
                 }
               );
-              navigator.pushNamed('/game');
+              args.navigator.pushNamed('/game');
             },
             texture: _spriteSheetUI['btn_play_up.png'],
             textureDown: _spriteSheetUI['btn_play_down.png'],
diff --git a/examples/game/test_drawatlas.dart b/examples/game/test_drawatlas.dart
index 135334e..dba1748 100644
--- a/examples/game/test_drawatlas.dart
+++ b/examples/game/test_drawatlas.dart
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     title: 'Test drawAtlas',
     theme: _theme,
     routes: {
-      '/': (NavigatorState navigator, Route route) {
+      '/': (RouteArguments args) {
         return new SpriteWidget(
           new TestDrawAtlas(),
           SpriteBoxTransformMode.fixedWidth
diff --git a/examples/game/test_physics.dart b/examples/game/test_physics.dart
index 2a9ad88..aabb773 100644
--- a/examples/game/test_physics.dart
+++ b/examples/game/test_physics.dart
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
       primarySwatch: Colors.purple
     ),
     routes: {
-      '/': (navigator, route) {
+      '/': (RouteArguments args) {
         return new SpriteWidget(
           new TestBed(),
           SpriteBoxTransformMode.letterbox