diff --git a/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart b/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
index dc9bbbb..92673b0 100644
--- a/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
@@ -209,9 +209,20 @@
 
   if (globals.artifacts is LocalEngineArtifacts) {
     final LocalEngineArtifacts localEngineArtifacts = globals.artifacts as LocalEngineArtifacts;
-    final String engineOutPath = localEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath;
+    final String engineOutPath = globals.fs.path.basename(localEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath);
+    String engineBuildMode = 'release';
+    if (engineOutPath.toLowerCase().contains('debug')) {
+      engineBuildMode = 'debug';
+    } else if (engineOutPath.toLowerCase().contains('profile')) {
+      engineBuildMode = 'profile';
+    }
     xcodeBuildSettings.add('FLUTTER_ENGINE=${globals.fs.path.dirname(globals.fs.path.dirname(engineOutPath))}');
-    xcodeBuildSettings.add('LOCAL_ENGINE=${globals.fs.path.basename(engineOutPath)}');
+    xcodeBuildSettings.add('LOCAL_ENGINE=$engineOutPath');
+    // Only write this or local engines, where it is supposed to be sticky to
+    // match the engine configuration. Avoid writing it otherwise so that it
+    // does not stick the user with the wrong build mode, particularly for
+    // existing app use cases.
+    xcodeBuildSettings.add('FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE=$engineBuildMode');
 
     // Tell Xcode not to build universal binaries for local engines, which are
     // single-architecture.
diff --git a/packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/ios/xcodeproj_test.dart b/packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/ios/xcodeproj_test.dart
index 233e9d0..0e990a8 100644
--- a/packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/ios/xcodeproj_test.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/ios/xcodeproj_test.dart
@@ -433,22 +433,24 @@
   });
 
   group('updateGeneratedXcodeProperties', () {
-    MockLocalEngineArtifacts mockArtifacts;
+    MockLocalEngineArtifacts mockEngineArtifacts;
+    MockArtifacts mockArtifacts;
     MockProcessManager mockProcessManager;
     FakePlatform macOS;
     FileSystem fs;
 
     setUp(() {
       fs = MemoryFileSystem();
-      mockArtifacts = MockLocalEngineArtifacts();
+      mockEngineArtifacts = MockLocalEngineArtifacts();
+      mockArtifacts = MockArtifacts();
       mockProcessManager = MockProcessManager();
       macOS = fakePlatform('macos');
       fs.file(xcodebuild).createSync(recursive: true);
     });
 
-    void testUsingOsxContext(String description, dynamic testMethod()) {
+    void testUsingOsxContext(String description, dynamic testMethod(), {bool isLocalEngine = true}) {
       testUsingContext(description, testMethod, overrides: <Type, Generator>{
-        Artifacts: () => mockArtifacts,
+        Artifacts: () => isLocalEngine ? mockEngineArtifacts : mockArtifacts,
         Platform: () => macOS,
         FileSystem: () => fs,
         ProcessManager: () => mockProcessManager,
@@ -507,9 +509,9 @@
     });
 
     testUsingOsxContext('sets ARCHS=armv7 when armv7 local engine is set', () async {
-      when(mockArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
           platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
-      when(mockArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
 
       const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.debug, null, treeShakeIcons: false);
       final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
@@ -531,10 +533,59 @@
       expect(buildPhaseScriptContents.contains('ARCHS=armv7'), isTrue);
     });
 
-    testUsingOsxContext('sets TRACK_WIDGET_CREATION=true when trackWidgetCreation is true', () async {
+    testUsingOsxContext('sets FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE local engine is set', () async {
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+          platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
+
+      const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.profile, null, treeShakeIcons: false);
+      final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
+      await updateGeneratedXcodeProperties(
+        project: project,
+        buildInfo: buildInfo,
+      );
+
+      final File config = fs.file('path/to/project/ios/Flutter/Generated.xcconfig');
+      expect(config.existsSync(), isTrue);
+
+      final String contents = config.readAsStringSync();
+      expect(contents, contains('FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE=profile'));
+
+      final File buildPhaseScript = fs.file('path/to/project/ios/Flutter/flutter_export_environment.sh');
+      expect(buildPhaseScript.existsSync(), isTrue);
+
+      final String buildPhaseScriptContents = buildPhaseScript.readAsStringSync();
+      expect(buildPhaseScriptContents, contains('FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE=profile'));
+    });
+
+    testUsingOsxContext('does not set FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE without local engine', () async {
       when(mockArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
           platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
-      when(mockArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
+
+      const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.profile, null, treeShakeIcons: false);
+      final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
+      await updateGeneratedXcodeProperties(
+        project: project,
+        buildInfo: buildInfo,
+      );
+
+      final File config = fs.file('path/to/project/ios/Flutter/Generated.xcconfig');
+      expect(config.existsSync(), isTrue);
+
+      final String contents = config.readAsStringSync();
+      expect(contents, isNot(contains('FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE=')));
+
+      final File buildPhaseScript = fs.file('path/to/project/ios/Flutter/flutter_export_environment.sh');
+      expect(buildPhaseScript.existsSync(), isTrue);
+
+      final String buildPhaseScriptContents = buildPhaseScript.readAsStringSync();
+      expect(buildPhaseScriptContents, isNot(contains('FLUTTER_BUILD_MODE=')));
+    }, isLocalEngine: false);
+
+    testUsingOsxContext('sets TRACK_WIDGET_CREATION=true when trackWidgetCreation is true', () async {
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+          platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
       const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.debug, null, trackWidgetCreation: true, treeShakeIcons: false);
       final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
       await updateGeneratedXcodeProperties(
@@ -556,9 +607,9 @@
     });
 
     testUsingOsxContext('does not set TRACK_WIDGET_CREATION when trackWidgetCreation is false', () async {
-      when(mockArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
           platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
-      when(mockArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile_arm'));
       const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.debug, null, treeShakeIcons: false);
       final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
       await updateGeneratedXcodeProperties(
@@ -580,9 +631,9 @@
     });
 
     testUsingOsxContext('sets ARCHS=armv7 when armv7 local engine is set', () async {
-      when(mockArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
           platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
-      when(mockArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile'));
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios_profile'));
       const BuildInfo buildInfo = BuildInfo(BuildMode.debug, null, treeShakeIcons: false);
 
       final FlutterProject project = FlutterProject.fromPath('path/to/project');
@@ -613,9 +664,9 @@
       String expectedBuildName,
       String expectedBuildNumber,
     }) async {
-      when(mockArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.getArtifactPath(Artifact.flutterFramework,
           platform: TargetPlatform.ios, mode: anyNamed('mode'))).thenReturn('engine');
-      when(mockArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios'));
+      when(mockEngineArtifacts.engineOutPath).thenReturn(fs.path.join('out', 'ios'));
 
       final File manifestFile = fs.file('path/to/project/pubspec.yaml');
       manifestFile.createSync(recursive: true);
@@ -809,3 +860,4 @@
   @override
   bool get supportsColor => false;
 }
+class MockArtifacts extends Mock implements Artifacts {}