Use cached Xcode build settings during iOS build (#80904)

packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart

diff --git a/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart b/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
index ea544e8..2691966 100644
--- a/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/ios/xcodeproj.dart
@@ -166,10 +166,12 @@
   /// target (by default this is Runner).
   Future<Map<String, String>> getBuildSettings(
     String projectPath, {
-    String? scheme,
+    required XcodeProjectBuildContext buildContext,
     Duration timeout = const Duration(minutes: 1),
   }) async {
     final Status status = _logger.startSpinner();
+    final String? scheme = buildContext.scheme;
+    final String? configuration = buildContext.configuration;
     final List<String> showBuildSettingsCommand = <String>[
       ...xcrunCommand(),
       'xcodebuild',
@@ -177,7 +179,12 @@
       _fileSystem.path.absolute(projectPath),
       if (scheme != null)
         ...<String>['-scheme', scheme],
+      if (configuration != null)
+        ...<String>['-configuration', configuration],
+      if (buildContext.environmentType == EnvironmentType.simulator)
+        ...<String>['-sdk', 'iphonesimulator'],
       '-showBuildSettings',
+      'BUILD_DIR=${_fileSystem.path.absolute(getIosBuildDirectory())}',
       ...environmentVariablesAsXcodeBuildSettings(_platform)
     ];
     try {
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@
           flutterUsage: _usage,
         ).send();
       }
-      _logger.printTrace('Unexpected failure to get the build settings: $error.');
+      _logger.printTrace('Unexpected failure to get Xcode build settings: $error.');
       return const <String, String>{};
     } finally {
       status.stop();
@@ -282,6 +289,29 @@
   return str.replaceAllMapped(_varExpr, (Match m) => xcodeBuildSettings[m[1]!] ?? m[0]!);
 }
 
+@immutable
+class XcodeProjectBuildContext {
+  const XcodeProjectBuildContext({this.scheme, this.configuration, this.environmentType = EnvironmentType.physical});
+
+  final String? scheme;
+  final String? configuration;
+  final EnvironmentType environmentType;
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => scheme.hashCode ^ configuration.hashCode ^ environmentType.hashCode;
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    if (identical(other, this)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return other is XcodeProjectBuildContext &&
+        other.scheme == scheme &&
+        other.configuration == configuration &&
+        other.environmentType == environmentType;
+  }
+}
+
 /// Information about an Xcode project.
 ///
 /// Represents the output of `xcodebuild -list`.
@@ -365,7 +395,7 @@
     });
   }
 
-  void reportFlavorNotFoundAndExit() {
+  Never reportFlavorNotFoundAndExit() {
     _logger.printError('');
     if (definesCustomSchemes) {
       _logger.printError('The Xcode project defines schemes: ${schemes.join(', ')}');
@@ -377,7 +407,10 @@
 
   /// Returns unique build configuration matching [buildInfo] and [scheme], or
   /// null, if there is no unique best match.
-  String? buildConfigurationFor(BuildInfo buildInfo, String scheme) {
+  String? buildConfigurationFor(BuildInfo? buildInfo, String scheme) {
+    if (buildInfo == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
     final String expectedConfiguration = expectedBuildConfigurationFor(buildInfo, scheme);
     if (hasBuildConfigurationForBuildMode(expectedConfiguration)) {
       return expectedConfiguration;