packages/flutter/lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart

// Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:ui' as ui show lerpDouble;

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/physics.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';

import 'animation.dart';
import 'curves.dart';
import 'listener_helpers.dart';

export 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart' show TickerFuture, TickerCanceled;

// Examples can assume:
// AnimationController _controller;

/// The direction in which an animation is running.
enum _AnimationDirection {
  /// The animation is running from beginning to end.
  forward,

  /// The animation is running backwards, from end to beginning.
  reverse,
}

final SpringDescription _kFlingSpringDescription = new SpringDescription.withDampingRatio(
  mass: 1.0,
  stiffness: 500.0,
  ratio: 1.0,
);

const Tolerance _kFlingTolerance = const Tolerance(
  velocity: double.INFINITY,
  distance: 0.01,
);

/// A controller for an animation.
///
/// This class lets you perform tasks such as:
///
/// * Play an animation [forward] or in [reverse], or [stop] an animation.
/// * Set the animation to a specific [value].
/// * Define the [upperBound] and [lowerBound] values of an animation.
/// * Create a [fling] animation effect using a physics simulation.
///
/// By default, an [AnimationController] linearly produces values that range
/// from 0.0 to 1.0, during a given duration. The animation controller generates
/// a new value whenever the device running your app is ready to display a new
/// frame (typically, this rate is around 60 values per second).
///
/// An AnimationController needs a [TickerProvider], which is configured using
/// the `vsync` argument on the constructor. If you are creating an
/// AnimationController from a [State], then you can use the
/// [TickerProviderStateMixin] and [SingleTickerProviderStateMixin] classes to
/// obtain a suitable [TickerProvider]. The widget test framework [WidgetTester]
/// object can be used as a ticker provider in the context of tests. In other
/// contexts, you will have to either pass a [TickerProvider] from a higher
/// level (e.g. indirectly from a [State] that mixes in
/// [TickerProviderStateMixin]), or create a custom [TickerProvider] subclass.
///
/// The methods that start animations return a [TickerFuture] object which
/// completes when the animation completes successfully, and never throws an
/// error; if the animation is canceled, the future never completes. This object
/// also has a [TickerFuture.orCancel] property which returns a future that
/// completes when the animation completes successfully, and completes with an
/// error when the animation is aborted.
///
/// This can be used to write code such as:
///
/// ```dart
/// Future<Null> fadeOutAndUpdateState() async {
///   try {
///     await fadeAnimationController.forward().orCancel;
///     await sizeAnimationController.forward().orCancel;
///     setState(() {
///       dismissed = true;
///     });
///   } on TickerCanceled {
///     // the animation got canceled, probably because we were disposed
///   }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// ...which asynchronously runs one animation, then runs another, then changes
/// the state of the widget, without having to verify [State.mounted] is still
/// true at each step, and without having to chain futures together explicitly.
/// (This assumes that the controllers are created in [State.initState] and
/// disposed in [State.dispose].)
class AnimationController extends Animation<double>
  with AnimationEagerListenerMixin, AnimationLocalListenersMixin, AnimationLocalStatusListenersMixin {

  /// Creates an animation controller.
  ///
  /// * [value] is the initial value of the animation. If defaults to the lower
  ///   bound.
  ///
  /// * [duration] is the length of time this animation should last.
  ///
  /// * [debugLabel] is a string to help identify this animation during
  ///   debugging (used by [toString]).
  ///
  /// * [lowerBound] is the smallest value this animation can obtain and the
  ///   value at which this animation is deemed to be dismissed. It cannot be
  ///   null.
  ///
  /// * [upperBound] is the largest value this animation can obtain and the
  ///   value at which this animation is deemed to be completed. It cannot be
  ///   null.
  ///
  /// * `vsync` is the [TickerProvider] for the current context. It can be
  ///   changed by calling [resync]. It is required and must not be null. See
  ///   [TickerProvider] for advice on obtaining a ticker provider.
  AnimationController({
    double value,
    this.duration,
    this.debugLabel,
    this.lowerBound: 0.0,
    this.upperBound: 1.0,
    @required TickerProvider vsync,
  }) : assert(lowerBound != null),
       assert(upperBound != null),
       assert(upperBound >= lowerBound),
       assert(vsync != null),
       _direction = _AnimationDirection.forward {
    _ticker = vsync.createTicker(_tick);
    _internalSetValue(value ?? lowerBound);
  }

  /// Creates an animation controller with no upper or lower bound for its value.
  ///
  /// * [value] is the initial value of the animation.
  ///
  /// * [duration] is the length of time this animation should last.
  ///
  /// * [debugLabel] is a string to help identify this animation during
  ///   debugging (used by [toString]).
  ///
  /// * `vsync` is the [TickerProvider] for the current context. It can be
  ///   changed by calling [resync]. It is required and must not be null. See
  ///   [TickerProvider] for advice on obtaining a ticker provider.
  ///
  /// This constructor is most useful for animations that will be driven using a
  /// physics simulation, especially when the physics simulation has no
  /// pre-determined bounds.
  AnimationController.unbounded({
    double value: 0.0,
    this.duration,
    this.debugLabel,
    @required TickerProvider vsync,
  }) : assert(value != null),
       assert(vsync != null),
       lowerBound = double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
       upperBound = double.INFINITY,
       _direction = _AnimationDirection.forward {
    _ticker = vsync.createTicker(_tick);
    _internalSetValue(value);
  }

  /// The value at which this animation is deemed to be dismissed.
  final double lowerBound;

  /// The value at which this animation is deemed to be completed.
  final double upperBound;

  /// A label that is used in the [toString] output. Intended to aid with
  /// identifying animation controller instances in debug output.
  final String debugLabel;

  /// Returns an [Animation<double>] for this animation controller, so that a
  /// pointer to this object can be passed around without allowing users of that
  /// pointer to mutate the [AnimationController] state.
  Animation<double> get view => this;

  /// The length of time this animation should last.
  Duration duration;

  Ticker _ticker;

  /// Recreates the [Ticker] with the new [TickerProvider].
  void resync(TickerProvider vsync) {
    final Ticker oldTicker = _ticker;
    _ticker = vsync.createTicker(_tick);
    _ticker.absorbTicker(oldTicker);
  }

  Simulation _simulation;

  /// The current value of the animation.
  ///
  /// Setting this value notifies all the listeners that the value
  /// changed.
  ///
  /// Setting this value also stops the controller if it is currently
  /// running; if this happens, it also notifies all the status
  /// listeners.
  @override
  double get value => _value;
  double _value;
  /// Stops the animation controller and sets the current value of the
  /// animation.
  ///
  /// The new value is clamped to the range set by [lowerBound] and [upperBound].
  ///
  /// Value listeners are notified even if this does not change the value.
  /// Status listeners are notified if the animation was previously playing.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  set value(double newValue) {
    assert(newValue != null);
    stop();
    _internalSetValue(newValue);
    notifyListeners();
    _checkStatusChanged();
  }
  
  /// Sets the controller's value to [lowerBound], stopping the animation (if
  /// in progress), and resetting to its beginning point, or dismissed state.
  void reset() {
    value = lowerBound;
  }

  /// The rate of change of [value] per second.
  ///
  /// If [isAnimating] is false, then [value] is not changing and the rate of
  /// change is zero.
  double get velocity {
    if (!isAnimating)
      return 0.0;
    return _simulation.dx(lastElapsedDuration.inMicroseconds.toDouble() / Duration.MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
  }

  void _internalSetValue(double newValue) {
    _value = newValue.clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);
    if (_value == lowerBound) {
      _status = AnimationStatus.dismissed;
    } else if (_value == upperBound) {
      _status = AnimationStatus.completed;
    } else {
      _status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?
        AnimationStatus.forward :
        AnimationStatus.reverse;
    }
  }

  /// The amount of time that has passed between the time the animation started
  /// and the most recent tick of the animation.
  ///
  /// If the controller is not animating, the last elapsed duration is null.
  Duration get lastElapsedDuration => _lastElapsedDuration;
  Duration _lastElapsedDuration;

  /// Whether this animation is currently animating in either the forward or reverse direction.
  ///
  /// This is separate from whether it is actively ticking. An animation
  /// controller's ticker might get muted, in which case the animation
  /// controller's callbacks will no longer fire even though time is continuing
  /// to pass. See [Ticker.muted] and [TickerMode].
  bool get isAnimating => _ticker != null && _ticker.isActive;

  _AnimationDirection _direction;

  @override
  AnimationStatus get status => _status;
  AnimationStatus _status;

  /// Starts running this animation forwards (towards the end).
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that completes when the animation is complete.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  ///
  /// During the animation, [status] is reported as [AnimationStatus.forward],
  /// which switches to [AnimationStatus.completed] when [upperBound] is
  /// reached at the end of the animation.
  TickerFuture forward({ double from }) {
    assert(() {
      if (duration == null) {
        throw new FlutterError(
          'AnimationController.forward() called with no default Duration.\n'
          'The "duration" property should be set, either in the constructor or later, before '
          'calling the forward() function.'
        );
      }
      return true;
    }());
    _direction = _AnimationDirection.forward;
    if (from != null)
      value = from;
    return _animateToInternal(upperBound);
  }

  /// Starts running this animation in reverse (towards the beginning).
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that completes when the animation is dismissed.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  ///
  /// During the animation, [status] is reported as [AnimationStatus.reverse],
  /// which switches to [AnimationStatus.dismissed] when [lowerBound] is
  /// reached at the end of the animation.
  TickerFuture reverse({ double from }) {
    assert(() {
      if (duration == null) {
        throw new FlutterError(
          'AnimationController.reverse() called with no default Duration.\n'
          'The "duration" property should be set, either in the constructor or later, before '
          'calling the reverse() function.'
        );
      }
      return true;
    }());
    _direction = _AnimationDirection.reverse;
    if (from != null)
      value = from;
    return _animateToInternal(lowerBound);
  }

  /// Drives the animation from its current value to target.
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that completes when the animation is complete.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  ///
  /// During the animation, [status] is reported as [AnimationStatus.forward]
  /// regardless of whether `target` > [value] or not. At the end of the
  /// animation, when `target` is reached, [status] is reported as
  /// [AnimationStatus.completed].
  TickerFuture animateTo(double target, { Duration duration, Curve curve: Curves.linear }) {
    _direction = _AnimationDirection.forward;
    return _animateToInternal(target, duration: duration, curve: curve);
  }

  TickerFuture _animateToInternal(double target, { Duration duration, Curve curve: Curves.linear }) {
    Duration simulationDuration = duration;
    if (simulationDuration == null) {
      assert(() {
        if (this.duration == null) {
          throw new FlutterError(
            'AnimationController.animateTo() called with no explicit Duration and no default Duration.\n'
            'Either the "duration" argument to the animateTo() method should be provided, or the '
            '"duration" property should be set, either in the constructor or later, before '
            'calling the animateTo() function.'
          );
        }
        return true;
      }());
      final double range = upperBound - lowerBound;
      final double remainingFraction = range.isFinite ? (target - _value).abs() / range : 1.0;
      simulationDuration = this.duration * remainingFraction;
    } else if (target == value) {
      // Already at target, don't animate.
      simulationDuration = Duration.ZERO;
    }
    stop();
    if (simulationDuration == Duration.ZERO) {
      if (value != target) {
        _value = target.clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);
        notifyListeners();
      }
      _status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?
        AnimationStatus.completed :
        AnimationStatus.dismissed;
      _checkStatusChanged();
      return new TickerFuture.complete();
    }
    assert(simulationDuration > Duration.ZERO);
    assert(!isAnimating);
    return _startSimulation(new _InterpolationSimulation(_value, target, simulationDuration, curve));
  }

  /// Starts running this animation in the forward direction, and
  /// restarts the animation when it completes.
  ///
  /// Defaults to repeating between the lower and upper bounds.
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that never completes. The [TickerFuture.orCancel] future
  /// completes with an error when the animation is stopped (e.g. with [stop]).
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  TickerFuture repeat({ double min, double max, Duration period }) {
    min ??= lowerBound;
    max ??= upperBound;
    period ??= duration;
    assert(() {
      if (period == null) {
        throw new FlutterError(
          'AnimationController.repeat() called without an explicit period and with no default Duration.\n'
          'Either the "period" argument to the repeat() method should be provided, or the '
          '"duration" property should be set, either in the constructor or later, before '
          'calling the repeat() function.'
        );
      }
      return true;
    }());
    return animateWith(new _RepeatingSimulation(min, max, period));
  }

  /// Drives the animation with a critically damped spring (within [lowerBound]
  /// and [upperBound]) and initial velocity.
  ///
  /// If velocity is positive, the animation will complete, otherwise it will
  /// dismiss.
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that completes when the animation is complete.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  TickerFuture fling({ double velocity: 1.0 }) {
    _direction = velocity < 0.0 ? _AnimationDirection.reverse : _AnimationDirection.forward;
    final double target = velocity < 0.0 ? lowerBound - _kFlingTolerance.distance
                                         : upperBound + _kFlingTolerance.distance;
    final Simulation simulation = new SpringSimulation(_kFlingSpringDescription, value, target, velocity)
      ..tolerance = _kFlingTolerance;
    return animateWith(simulation);
  }

  /// Drives the animation according to the given simulation.
  ///
  /// Returns a [TickerFuture] that completes when the animation is complete.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  TickerFuture animateWith(Simulation simulation) {
    stop();
    return _startSimulation(simulation);
  }

  TickerFuture _startSimulation(Simulation simulation) {
    assert(simulation != null);
    assert(!isAnimating);
    _simulation = simulation;
    _lastElapsedDuration = Duration.ZERO;
    _value = simulation.x(0.0).clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);
    final Future<Null> result = _ticker.start();
    _status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?
      AnimationStatus.forward :
      AnimationStatus.reverse;
    _checkStatusChanged();
    return result;
  }

  /// Stops running this animation.
  ///
  /// This does not trigger any notifications. The animation stops in its
  /// current state.
  ///
  /// By default, the most recently returned [TickerFuture] is marked as having
  /// been canceled, meaning the future never completes and its
  /// [TickerFuture.orCancel] derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled]
  /// error. By passing the `completed` argument with the value false, this is
  /// reversed, and the futures complete successfully.
  void stop({ bool canceled: true }) {
    _simulation = null;
    _lastElapsedDuration = null;
    _ticker.stop(canceled: canceled);
  }

  /// Release the resources used by this object. The object is no longer usable
  /// after this method is called.
  ///
  /// The most recently returned [TickerFuture], if any, is marked as having been
  /// canceled, meaning the future never completes and its [TickerFuture.orCancel]
  /// derivative future completes with a [TickerCanceled] error.
  @override
  void dispose() {
    assert(() {
      if (_ticker == null) {
        throw new FlutterError(
          'AnimationController.dispose() called more than once.\n'
          'A given $runtimeType cannot be disposed more than once.\n'
          'The following $runtimeType object was disposed multiple times:\n'
          '  $this'
        );
      }
      return true;
    }());
    _ticker.dispose();
    _ticker = null;
    super.dispose();
  }

  AnimationStatus _lastReportedStatus = AnimationStatus.dismissed;
  void _checkStatusChanged() {
    final AnimationStatus newStatus = status;
    if (_lastReportedStatus != newStatus) {
      _lastReportedStatus = newStatus;
      notifyStatusListeners(newStatus);
    }
  }

  void _tick(Duration elapsed) {
    _lastElapsedDuration = elapsed;
    final double elapsedInSeconds = elapsed.inMicroseconds.toDouble() / Duration.MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND;
    assert(elapsedInSeconds >= 0.0);
    _value = _simulation.x(elapsedInSeconds).clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);
    if (_simulation.isDone(elapsedInSeconds)) {
      _status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?
        AnimationStatus.completed :
        AnimationStatus.dismissed;
      stop(canceled: false);
    }
    notifyListeners();
    _checkStatusChanged();
  }

  @override
  String toStringDetails() {
    final String paused = isAnimating ? '' : '; paused';
    final String ticker = _ticker == null ? '; DISPOSED' : (_ticker.muted ? '; silenced' : '');
    final String label = debugLabel == null ? '' : '; for $debugLabel';
    final String more = '${super.toStringDetails()} ${value.toStringAsFixed(3)}';
    return '$more$paused$ticker$label';
  }
}

class _InterpolationSimulation extends Simulation {
  _InterpolationSimulation(this._begin, this._end, Duration duration, this._curve)
    : assert(_begin != null),
      assert(_end != null),
      assert(duration != null && duration.inMicroseconds > 0),
      _durationInSeconds = duration.inMicroseconds / Duration.MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND;

  final double _durationInSeconds;
  final double _begin;
  final double _end;
  final Curve _curve;

  @override
  double x(double timeInSeconds) {
    final double t = (timeInSeconds / _durationInSeconds).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
    if (t == 0.0)
      return _begin;
    else if (t == 1.0)
      return _end;
    else
      return _begin + (_end - _begin) * _curve.transform(t);
  }

  @override
  double dx(double timeInSeconds) {
    final double epsilon = tolerance.time;
    return (x(timeInSeconds + epsilon) - x(timeInSeconds - epsilon)) / (2 * epsilon);
  }

  @override
  bool isDone(double timeInSeconds) => timeInSeconds > _durationInSeconds;
}

class _RepeatingSimulation extends Simulation {
  _RepeatingSimulation(this.min, this.max, Duration period)
    : _periodInSeconds = period.inMicroseconds / Duration.MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND {
    assert(_periodInSeconds > 0.0);
  }

  final double min;
  final double max;

  final double _periodInSeconds;

  @override
  double x(double timeInSeconds) {
    assert(timeInSeconds >= 0.0);
    final double t = (timeInSeconds / _periodInSeconds) % 1.0;
    return ui.lerpDouble(min, max, t);
  }

  @override
  double dx(double timeInSeconds) => (max - min) / _periodInSeconds;

  @override
  bool isDone(double timeInSeconds) => false;
}