BSON

BSON, short for Bin­ary JSON, is a bin­ary-en­coded seri­al­iz­a­tion of JSON-like doc­u­ments. Like JSON, BSON sup­ports the em­bed­ding of doc­u­ments and ar­rays with­in oth­er doc­u­ments and ar­rays. BSON also con­tains ex­ten­sions that al­low rep­res­ent­a­tion of data types that are not part of the JSON spec. For ex­ample, BSON has a Date type and a BinData type.

!!! abstract “References”

- [BSON Website](http://bsonspec.org) - the main source on BSON
- [BSON Specification](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) - the specification

Serialization

The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BSON types:

JSON value type	value/range	BSON type	marker
null	null	null	0x0A
boolean	true, false	boolean	0x08
number_integer	-9223372036854775808..-2147483649	int64	0x12
number_integer	-2147483648..2147483647	int32	0x10
number_integer	2147483648..9223372036854775807	int64	0x12
number_unsigned	0..2147483647	int32	0x10
number_unsigned	2147483648..9223372036854775807	int64	0x12
number_unsigned	9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615	--	--
number_float	any value	double	0x01
string	any value	string	0x02
array	any value	document	0x04
object	any value	document	0x03
binary	any value	binary	0x05

!!! warning “Incomplete mapping”

The mapping is **incomplete**, since only JSON-objects (and things
contained therein) can be serialized to BSON.
Also, integers larger than 9223372036854775807 cannot be serialized to BSON,
and the keys may not contain U+0000, since they are serialized a
zero-terminated c-strings.

??? example

```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_bson.cpp"
```

Output:

```c
--8<-- "examples/to_bson.output"
```

Deserialization

The library maps BSON record types to JSON value types as follows:

BSON type	BSON marker byte	JSON value type
double	0x01	number_float
string	0x02	string
document	0x03	object
array	0x04	array
binary	0x05	binary
undefined	0x06	unsupported
ObjectId	0x07	unsupported
boolean	0x08	boolean
UTC Date-Time	0x09	unsupported
null	0x0A	null
Regular Expr.	0x0B	unsupported
DB Pointer	0x0C	unsupported
JavaScript Code	0x0D	unsupported
Symbol	0x0E	unsupported
JavaScript Code	0x0F	unsupported
int32	0x10	number_integer
Timestamp	0x11	unsupported
128-bit decimal float	0x13	unsupported
Max Key	0x7F	unsupported
Min Key	0xFF	unsupported

!!! warning “Incomplete mapping”

The mapping is **incomplete**. The unsupported mappings are indicated in the table above.

??? example

```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_bson.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/from_bson.output"
```