Add Filesystem TS -- Complete

Add the completed std::experimental::filesystem implementation and tests.
The implementation supports C++11 or newer.

The TS is built as part of 'libc++experimental.a'. Users of the TS need to
manually link this library. Building and testing the TS can be disabled using
the CMake option '-DLIBCXX_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM=OFF'.

Currently 'libc++experimental.a' is not installed by default. To turn on the
installation of the library use '-DLIBCXX_INSTALL_EXPERIMENTAL_LIBRARY=ON'.


git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@273034 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
diff --git a/include/experimental/filesystem b/include/experimental/filesystem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a667c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/experimental/filesystem
@@ -0,0 +1,2050 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===--------------------------- filesystem -------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
+#define _LIBCPP_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
+/*
+    filesystem synopsis
+
+    namespace std { namespace experimental { namespace filesystem { inline namespace v1 {
+
+    class path;
+
+    void swap(path& lhs, path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    size_t hash_value(const path& p) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool operator==(const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool operator!=(const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool operator< (const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool operator<=(const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool operator> (const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool operator>=(const path& lhs, const path& rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    path operator/ (const path& lhs, const path& rhs);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const path& p);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, path& p);
+
+    template <class Source>
+      path u8path(const Source& source);
+    template <class InputIterator>
+      path u8path(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
+
+    class filesystem_error;
+    class directory_entry;
+
+    class directory_iterator;
+
+    // enable directory_iterator range-based for statements
+    directory_iterator begin(directory_iterator iter) noexcept;
+    directory_iterator end(const directory_iterator&) noexcept;
+
+    class recursive_directory_iterator;
+
+    // enable recursive_directory_iterator range-based for statements
+    recursive_directory_iterator begin(recursive_directory_iterator iter) noexcept;
+    recursive_directory_iterator end(const recursive_directory_iterator&) noexcept;
+
+    class file_status;
+
+    struct space_info
+    {
+      uintmax_t capacity;
+      uintmax_t free;
+      uintmax_t available;
+    };
+
+    enum class file_type;
+    enum class perms;
+    enum class copy_options;
+    enum class directory_options;
+
+    typedef chrono::time_point<trivial-clock>  file_time_type;
+
+    // operational functions
+
+    path absolute(const path& p, const path& base=current_path());
+
+    path canonical(const path& p, const path& base = current_path());
+    path canonical(const path& p, error_code& ec);
+    path canonical(const path& p, const path& base, error_code& ec);
+
+    void copy(const path& from, const path& to);
+    void copy(const path& from, const path& to, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+    void copy(const path& from, const path& to, copy_options options);
+    void copy(const path& from, const path& to, copy_options options,
+                   error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool copy_file(const path& from, const path& to);
+    bool copy_file(const path& from, const path& to, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool copy_file(const path& from, const path& to, copy_options option);
+    bool copy_file(const path& from, const path& to, copy_options option,
+                           error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void copy_symlink(const path& existing_symlink, const path& new_symlink);
+    void copy_symlink(const path& existing_symlink, const path& new_symlink,
+                              error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool create_directories(const path& p);
+    bool create_directories(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool create_directory(const path& p);
+    bool create_directory(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool create_directory(const path& p, const path& attributes);
+    bool create_directory(const path& p, const path& attributes,
+                                  error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void create_directory_symlink(const path& to, const path& new_symlink);
+    void create_directory_symlink(const path& to, const path& new_symlink,
+                                          error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void create_hard_link(const path& to, const path& new_hard_link);
+    void create_hard_link(const path& to, const path& new_hard_link,
+                                  error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void create_symlink(const path& to, const path& new_symlink);
+    void create_symlink(const path& to, const path& new_symlink,
+                                error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    path current_path();
+    path current_path(error_code& ec);
+    void current_path(const path& p);
+    void current_path(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool exists(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool exists(const path& p);
+    bool exists(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool equivalent(const path& p1, const path& p2);
+    bool equivalent(const path& p1, const path& p2, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    uintmax_t    file_size(const path& p);
+    uintmax_t    file_size(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    uintmax_t    hard_link_count(const path& p);
+    uintmax_t    hard_link_count(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_block_file(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_block_file(const path& p);
+    bool is_block_file(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_character_file(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_character_file(const path& p);
+    bool is_character_file(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_directory(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_directory(const path& p);
+    bool is_directory(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_empty(const path& p);
+    bool is_empty(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_fifo(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_fifo(const path& p);
+    bool is_fifo(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_other(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_other(const path& p);
+    bool is_other(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_regular_file(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_regular_file(const path& p);
+    bool is_regular_file(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_socket(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_socket(const path& p);
+    bool is_socket(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool is_symlink(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+    bool is_symlink(const path& p);
+    bool is_symlink(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    file_time_type  last_write_time(const path& p);
+    file_time_type  last_write_time(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+    void last_write_time(const path& p, file_time_type new_time);
+    void last_write_time(const path& p, file_time_type new_time,
+                                 error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void permissions(const path& p, perms prms);
+    void permissions(const path& p, perms prms, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    path read_symlink(const path& p);
+    path read_symlink(const path& p, error_code& ec);
+
+    bool remove(const path& p);
+    bool remove(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    uintmax_t    remove_all(const path& p);
+    uintmax_t    remove_all(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void rename(const path& from, const path& to);
+    void rename(const path& from, const path& to, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void resize_file(const path& p, uintmax_t size);
+    void resize_file(const path& p, uintmax_t size, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    space_info   space(const path& p);
+    space_info   space(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    file_status  status(const path& p);
+    file_status  status(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    bool status_known(file_status s) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    file_status  symlink_status(const path& p);
+    file_status  symlink_status(const path& p, error_code& ec) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    path system_complete(const path& p);
+    path system_complete(const path& p, error_code& ec);
+
+    path temp_directory_path();
+    path temp_directory_path(error_code& ec);
+
+} } } }  // namespaces std::experimental::filesystem::v1
+
+*/
+
+#include <experimental/__config>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <locale>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <utility>
+#include <iomanip> // for quoted
+#include <experimental/string_view>
+
+#include <__debug>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+#define __cpp_lib_experimental_filesystem 201406
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
+
+typedef chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock>  file_time_type;
+
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS space_info
+{
+  uintmax_t capacity;
+  uintmax_t free;
+  uintmax_t available;
+};
+
+enum class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS file_type : signed char
+{
+    none       = 0,
+    not_found  = -1,
+    regular    = 1,
+    directory  = 2,
+    symlink    = 3,
+    block      = 4,
+    character  = 5,
+    fifo       = 6,
+    socket     = 7,
+    unknown    = 8
+};
+
+enum class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS perms : unsigned
+{
+    none         = 0,
+
+    owner_read   = 0400,
+    owner_write  = 0200,
+    owner_exec   = 0100,
+    owner_all    = 0700,
+
+    group_read   = 040,
+    group_write  = 020,
+    group_exec   = 010,
+    group_all    = 070,
+
+    others_read  = 04,
+    others_write = 02,
+    others_exec  = 01,
+    others_all   = 07,
+
+    all          = 0777,
+
+    set_uid      = 04000,
+    set_gid      = 02000,
+    sticky_bit   = 01000,
+    mask         = 07777,
+    unknown      = 0xFFFF,
+
+    add_perms        = 0x10000,
+    remove_perms     = 0x20000,
+    resolve_symlinks = 0x40000
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR perms operator&(perms _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<perms>(static_cast<unsigned>(_LHS) & static_cast<unsigned>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR perms operator|(perms _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<perms>(static_cast<unsigned>(_LHS) | static_cast<unsigned>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR perms operator^(perms _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<perms>(static_cast<unsigned>(_LHS) ^ static_cast<unsigned>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR perms operator~(perms _LHS)
+{ return static_cast<perms>(~static_cast<unsigned>(_LHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline perms& operator&=(perms& _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS & _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline perms& operator|=(perms& _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS | _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline perms& operator^=(perms& _LHS, perms _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS ^ _RHS; }
+
+enum class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS copy_options : unsigned short
+{
+    none               = 0,
+    skip_existing      = 1,
+    overwrite_existing = 2,
+    update_existing    = 4,
+    recursive          = 8,
+    copy_symlinks      = 16,
+    skip_symlinks      = 32,
+    directories_only   = 64,
+    create_symlinks    = 128,
+    create_hard_links  = 256,
+    __in_recursive_copy = 512,
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR copy_options operator&(copy_options _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<copy_options>(static_cast<unsigned short>(_LHS) & static_cast<unsigned short>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR copy_options operator|(copy_options _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<copy_options>(static_cast<unsigned short>(_LHS) | static_cast<unsigned short>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR copy_options operator^(copy_options _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<copy_options>(static_cast<unsigned short>(_LHS) ^ static_cast<unsigned short>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR copy_options operator~(copy_options _LHS)
+{ return static_cast<copy_options>(~static_cast<unsigned short>(_LHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline copy_options& operator&=(copy_options& _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS & _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline copy_options& operator|=(copy_options& _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS | _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline copy_options& operator^=(copy_options& _LHS, copy_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS ^ _RHS; }
+
+
+enum class directory_options : unsigned char
+{
+    none                     = 0,
+    follow_directory_symlink = 1,
+    skip_permission_denied   = 2
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR directory_options operator&(directory_options _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<directory_options>(static_cast<unsigned char>(_LHS) & static_cast<unsigned char>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR directory_options operator|(directory_options _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<directory_options>(static_cast<unsigned char>(_LHS) | static_cast<unsigned char>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR directory_options operator^(directory_options _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return static_cast<directory_options>(static_cast<unsigned char>(_LHS) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(_RHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR directory_options operator~(directory_options _LHS)
+{ return static_cast<directory_options>(~static_cast<unsigned char>(_LHS)); }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline directory_options& operator&=(directory_options& _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS & _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline directory_options& operator|=(directory_options& _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS | _RHS; }
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline directory_options& operator^=(directory_options& _LHS, directory_options _RHS)
+{ return _LHS = _LHS ^ _RHS; }
+
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS file_status
+{
+public:
+    // constructors
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit file_status(file_type __ft = file_type::none,
+                         perms __prms   = perms::unknown) _NOEXCEPT
+      : __ft_(__ft), __prms_(__prms)
+    {}
+
+    file_status(const file_status&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+    file_status(file_status&&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    ~file_status() {}
+
+    file_status& operator=(const file_status&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+    file_status& operator=(file_status&&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+
+    // observers
+    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+    file_type type() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __ft_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+    perms permissions() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __prms_;
+    }
+
+    // modifiers
+    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+    void type(file_type __ft) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __ft_ = __ft;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+    void permissions(perms __p) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __prms_ = __p;
+    }
+private:
+    file_type __ft_;
+    perms __prms_;
+};
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS directory_entry;
+
+template <class _Tp> struct __can_convert_char {
+  static const bool value = false;
+};
+template <> struct __can_convert_char<char> {
+    static const bool value = true;
+    using __char_type = char;
+};
+template <> struct __can_convert_char<wchar_t>  {
+    static const bool value = true;
+    using __char_type = wchar_t;
+};
+template <> struct __can_convert_char<char16_t> {
+    static const bool value = true;
+    using __char_type = char16_t;
+};
+template <> struct __can_convert_char<char32_t> {
+    static const bool value = true;
+    using __char_type = char32_t;
+};
+
+template <class _ECharT>
+typename enable_if<__can_convert_char<_ECharT>::value, bool>::type
+__is_separator(_ECharT __e) {
+    return __e == _ECharT('/');
+};
+
+struct _NullSentinal {};
+
+template <class _Tp>
+using _Void = void;
+
+template <class _Tp, class = void>
+struct __is_pathable_string : public false_type {};
+
+template <class _ECharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+struct __is_pathable_string<basic_string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Alloc>,
+                            _Void<typename __can_convert_char<_ECharT>::__char_type>>
+: public __can_convert_char<_ECharT>
+{
+    using _Str = basic_string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Alloc>;
+    using _Base = __can_convert_char<_ECharT>;
+    static _ECharT const* __range_begin(_Str const& __s) { return __s.data(); }
+    static _ECharT const* __range_end(_Str const& __s) { return __s.data() + __s.length(); }
+    static _ECharT __first_or_null(_Str const& __s) {
+        return __s.empty() ? _ECharT{} : __s[0];
+    }
+};
+
+template <class _Source,
+          class _DS = typename decay<_Source>::type,
+          class _UnqualPtrType = typename remove_const<
+              typename remove_pointer<_DS>::type>::type,
+          bool _IsCharPtr = is_pointer<_DS>::value &&
+                            __can_convert_char<_UnqualPtrType>::value
+        >
+struct __is_pathable_char_array : false_type {};
+
+template <class _Source, class _ECharT, class _UPtr>
+struct __is_pathable_char_array<_Source, _ECharT*, _UPtr, true>
+        : __can_convert_char<typename remove_const<_ECharT>::type>
+{
+  using _Base = __can_convert_char<typename remove_const<_ECharT>::type>;
+
+  static _ECharT const* __range_begin(const _ECharT* __b) { return __b; }
+  static _ECharT const* __range_end(const _ECharT* __b)
+  {
+      using _Iter = const _ECharT*;
+      const _ECharT __sentinal = _ECharT{};
+      _Iter __e = __b;
+      for (; *__e != __sentinal; ++__e)
+          ;
+      return __e;
+  }
+
+  static _ECharT __first_or_null(const _ECharT* __b) { return *__b; }
+};
+
+template <class _Iter, bool _IsIt = __is_input_iterator<_Iter>::value, class = void>
+struct __is_pathable_iter : false_type {};
+
+template <class _Iter>
+struct __is_pathable_iter<_Iter, true,
+        _Void<typename __can_convert_char<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type>::__char_type>>
+        : __can_convert_char<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type>
+{
+  using _ECharT = typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type;
+  using _Base = __can_convert_char<_ECharT>;
+
+  static _Iter         __range_begin(_Iter __b) { return __b; }
+  static _NullSentinal __range_end(_Iter)       { return _NullSentinal{}; }
+
+  static _ECharT __first_or_null(_Iter __b) { return *__b; }
+};
+
+template <class _Tp, bool _IsStringT =  __is_pathable_string<_Tp>::value,
+                     bool _IsCharIterT = __is_pathable_char_array<_Tp>::value,
+                     bool _IsIterT = !_IsCharIterT && __is_pathable_iter<_Tp>::value
+         >
+struct __is_pathable : false_type {
+  static_assert(!_IsStringT && !_IsCharIterT && !_IsIterT, "Must all be false");
+};
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct __is_pathable<_Tp, true, false, false> : __is_pathable_string<_Tp> {};
+
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct __is_pathable<_Tp, false, true, false> : __is_pathable_char_array<_Tp> {};
+
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct __is_pathable<_Tp, false, false, true> : __is_pathable_iter<_Tp> {};
+
+
+template <class _ECharT>
+struct _PathCVT {
+    static_assert(__can_convert_char<_ECharT>::value, "Char type not convertible");
+
+    typedef __narrow_to_utf8<sizeof(_ECharT)*__CHAR_BIT__> _Narrower;
+
+    static void __append_range(string& __dest, _ECharT const* __b, _ECharT const* __e)  {
+        _Narrower()(back_inserter(__dest), __b, __e);
+    }
+
+    template <class _Iter>
+    static void __append_range(string& __dest, _Iter __b, _Iter __e) {
+        static_assert(!is_same<_Iter, _ECharT*>::value, "Call const overload");
+        if (__b == __e) return;
+        basic_string<_ECharT> __tmp(__b, __e);
+        _Narrower()(back_inserter(__dest), __tmp.data(),
+                    __tmp.data() + __tmp.length());
+    }
+
+    template <class _Iter>
+    static void __append_range(string& __dest, _Iter __b, _NullSentinal) {
+        static_assert(!is_same<_Iter, _ECharT*>::value, "Call const overload");
+        const _ECharT __sentinal = _ECharT{};
+        if (*__b == __sentinal) return;
+        basic_string<_ECharT> __tmp;
+        for (; *__b != __sentinal; ++__b)
+            __tmp.push_back(*__b);
+        _Narrower()(back_inserter(__dest), __tmp.data(),
+                    __tmp.data() + __tmp.length());
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    static void __append_source(string& __dest, _Source const& __s)
+    {
+        using _Traits = __is_pathable<_Source>;
+        __append_range(__dest, _Traits::__range_begin(__s), _Traits::__range_end(__s));
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct _PathCVT<char> {
+    template <class _Iter>
+    static void __append_range(string& __dest, _Iter __b, _Iter __e) {
+        for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
+            __dest.push_back(*__b);
+    }
+
+    template <class _Iter>
+    static void __append_range(string& __dest, _Iter __b, _NullSentinal) {
+        const char __sentinal = char{};
+        for (; *__b != __sentinal; ++__b)
+            __dest.push_back(*__b);
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    static void __append_source(string& __dest, _Source const& __s)
+    {
+        using _Traits = __is_pathable<_Source>;
+        __append_range(__dest, _Traits::__range_begin(__s), _Traits::__range_end(__s));
+    }
+};
+
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS path
+{
+    template <class _SourceOrIter, class _Tp = path&>
+    using _EnableIfPathable = typename
+        enable_if<__is_pathable<_SourceOrIter>::value, _Tp>::type;
+
+    template <class _Tp>
+    using _SourceChar = typename __is_pathable<_Tp>::__char_type;
+
+    template <class _Tp>
+    using _SourceCVT = _PathCVT<_SourceChar<_Tp>>;
+
+public:
+    typedef char value_type;
+    typedef basic_string<value_type> string_type;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR value_type preferred_separator = '/';
+
+    // constructors and destructor
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path() _NOEXCEPT {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path(const path& __p)      : __pn_(__p.__pn_) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path(path&& __p) _NOEXCEPT : __pn_(_VSTD::move(__p.__pn_)) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path(string_type&& __s) _NOEXCEPT : __pn_(_VSTD::move(__s)) {}
+
+    template <
+        class _Source,
+        class = _EnableIfPathable<_Source, void>
+        >
+    path(const _Source& __src) {
+        _SourceCVT<_Source>::__append_source(__pn_, __src);
+    }
+
+    template <class _InputIt>
+    path(_InputIt __first, _InputIt __last) {
+        typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIt>::value_type _ItVal;
+        _PathCVT<_ItVal>::__append_range(__pn_, __first, __last);
+    }
+
+    // TODO Implement locale conversions.
+    template <class _Source,
+              class = _EnableIfPathable<_Source, void>
+             >
+        path(const _Source& __src, const locale& __loc);
+    template <class _InputIt>
+        path(_InputIt __first, _InputIt _last, const locale& __loc);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    ~path() = default;
+
+    // assignments
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator=(const path& __p) {
+        __pn_ = __p.__pn_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator=(path&& __p) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __pn_ = _VSTD::move(__p.__pn_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator=(string_type&& __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __pn_ = _VSTD::move(__s);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& assign(string_type&& __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __pn_ = _VSTD::move(__s);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    operator=(const _Source& __src)
+    { return this->assign(__src); }
+
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    assign(const _Source& __src) {
+        __pn_.clear();
+        _SourceCVT<_Source>::__append_source(__pn_, __src);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _InputIt>
+    path& assign(_InputIt __first, _InputIt __last) {
+        typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIt>::value_type _ItVal;
+        __pn_.clear();
+        _PathCVT<_ItVal>::__append_range(__pn_, __first, __last);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <class _ECharT>
+    void __append_sep_if_needed(_ECharT __first_or_null) {
+        const _ECharT __null_val = {};
+        bool __append_sep = !empty()                       &&
+                            !__is_separator(__pn_.back())  &&
+                            __first_or_null != __null_val  && // non-empty
+                            !__is_separator(__first_or_null);
+        if (__append_sep)
+            __pn_ += preferred_separator;
+    }
+
+public:
+    // appends
+    path& operator/=(const path& __p) {
+        __append_sep_if_needed(__p.empty() ? char{} : __p.__pn_[0]);
+        __pn_ += __p.native();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    operator/=(const _Source& __src) {
+        return this->append(__src);
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    append(const _Source& __src) {
+        using _Traits = __is_pathable<_Source>;
+        using _CVT = _PathCVT<_SourceChar<_Source>>;
+        __append_sep_if_needed(_Traits::__first_or_null(__src));
+        _CVT::__append_source(__pn_, __src);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _InputIt>
+    path& append(_InputIt __first, _InputIt __last) {
+        typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIt>::value_type _ItVal;
+        static_assert(__can_convert_char<_ItVal>::value, "Must convertible");
+        using _CVT = _PathCVT<_ItVal>;
+        if (__first != __last) {
+            __append_sep_if_needed(*__first);
+            _CVT::__append_range(__pn_, __first, __last);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // concatenation
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator+=(const path& __x) {
+        __pn_ += __x.__pn_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator+=(const string_type& __x) {
+        __pn_ += __x;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator+=(const value_type* __x) {
+        __pn_ += __x;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& operator+=(value_type __x) {
+        __pn_ += __x;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    template <class _ECharT>
+    typename enable_if<__can_convert_char<_ECharT>::value, path&>::type
+    operator+=(_ECharT __x)
+    {
+        basic_string<_ECharT> __tmp;
+        __tmp += __x;
+        _PathCVT<_ECharT>::__append_source(__pn_, __tmp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    operator+=(const _Source& __x) {
+       return this->concat(__x);
+    }
+
+    template <class _Source>
+    _EnableIfPathable<_Source>
+    concat(const _Source& __x) {
+         _SourceCVT<_Source>::__append_source(__pn_, __x);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class _InputIt>
+    path& concat(_InputIt __first, _InputIt __last) {
+        typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIt>::value_type _ItVal;
+        _PathCVT<_ItVal>::__append_range(__pn_, __first, __last);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // modifiers
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void clear() _NOEXCEPT {
+        __pn_.clear();
+    }
+
+    path& make_preferred() { return *this; }
+    path& remove_filename() { return *this = parent_path(); }
+
+    path& replace_filename(const path& __replacement) {
+        remove_filename();
+        return (*this /= __replacement);
+    }
+
+    path& replace_extension(const path& __replacement = path());
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void  swap(path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT {
+        __pn_.swap(__rhs.__pn_);
+    }
+
+    // native format observers
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const string_type& native() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __pn_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const value_type* c_str() const _NOEXCEPT { return __pn_.c_str(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY operator string_type() const { return __pn_;  }
+
+    template <class _ECharT, class _Traits = char_traits<_ECharT>,
+              class _Allocator = allocator<_ECharT> >
+    basic_string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Allocator>
+    string(const _Allocator& __a = _Allocator()) const {
+        using _CVT = __widen_from_utf8<sizeof(_ECharT)*__CHAR_BIT__>;
+        using _Str = basic_string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Allocator>;
+        _Str __s(__a);
+        __s.reserve(__pn_.size());
+        _CVT()(back_inserter(__s), __pn_.data(), __pn_.data() + __pn_.size());
+        return __s;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY std::string    string()    const { return __pn_; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY std::wstring   wstring()   const { return string<wchar_t>(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY std::string    u8string()  const { return __pn_; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY std::u16string u16string() const { return string<char16_t>(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY std::u32string u32string() const { return string<char32_t>(); }
+
+    // generic format observers
+    template <class _ECharT, class _Traits = char_traits<_ECharT>,
+              class _Allocator = allocator<_ECharT>
+    >
+    basic_string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Allocator>
+    generic_string(const _Allocator& __a = _Allocator()) const {
+        return string<_ECharT, _Traits, _Allocator>(__a);
+    }
+
+    std::string    generic_string()    const { return __pn_; }
+    std::wstring   generic_wstring()   const { return string<wchar_t>(); }
+    std::string    generic_u8string()  const { return __pn_; }
+    std::u16string generic_u16string() const { return string<char16_t>(); }
+    std::u32string generic_u32string() const { return string<char32_t>(); }
+
+private:
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS int __compare(const value_type*) const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __root_name() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __root_directory() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __relative_path() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __parent_path() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __filename() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __stem() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS string_view __extension() const;
+
+public:
+    // compare
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int compare(const path& __p) const _NOEXCEPT { return __compare(__p.c_str());}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int compare(const string_type& __s) const { return __compare(__s.c_str()); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int compare(const value_type* __s) const  { return __compare(__s); }
+
+    // decomposition
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path root_name()      const { return  __root_name().to_string(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path root_directory() const { return  __root_directory().to_string(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path root_path()      const { return root_name().append(__root_directory().to_string()); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path relative_path()  const { return __relative_path().to_string(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path parent_path()    const { return __parent_path().to_string(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path filename()       const { return __filename().to_string(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path stem()           const { return __stem().to_string();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY path extension()      const { return __extension().to_string(); }
+
+    // query
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool empty() const _NOEXCEPT { return __pn_.empty(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_root_name()      const { return !__root_name().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_root_directory() const { return !__root_directory().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_root_path()      const { return !(__root_name().empty() && __root_directory().empty()); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_relative_path()  const { return !__relative_path().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_parent_path()    const { return !__parent_path().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_filename()       const { return !__filename().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_stem()           const { return !__stem().empty(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool has_extension()      const { return !__extension().empty(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool is_absolute()        const { return has_root_directory(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool is_relative()        const { return !is_absolute(); }
+
+    // iterators
+    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS iterator;
+    typedef iterator const_iterator;
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS iterator begin() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS iterator end() const;
+
+private:
+    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    path& __assign_view(string_view const& __s) noexcept { __pn_ = __s.to_string(); return *this; }
+    string_type __pn_;
+};
+
+inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+void swap(path& __lhs, path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __lhs.swap(__rhs);
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+size_t hash_value(const path& __p) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator==(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator!=(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) != 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator<(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator<=(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator>(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator>=(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path operator/(const path& __lhs, const path& __rhs) {
+    return path(__lhs) /= __rhs;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+typename enable_if<is_same<_CharT, char>::value &&
+                   is_same<_Traits, char_traits<char>>::value,
+                   basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+>::type
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const path& __p) {
+    __os << std::__quoted(__p.native());
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+typename enable_if<!is_same<_CharT, char>::value ||
+                   !is_same<_Traits, char_traits<char>>::value,
+                   basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+>::type
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const path& __p) {
+    __os << std::__quoted(__p.string<_CharT, _Traits>());
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, path& __p)
+{
+    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits> __tmp;
+    __is >> __quoted(__tmp);
+    __p = __tmp;
+    return __is;
+}
+
+template <class _Source>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+typename enable_if<__is_pathable<_Source>::value, path>::type
+u8path(const _Source& __s){
+    static_assert(is_same<typename __is_pathable<_Source>::__char_type, char>::value,
+        "u8path(Source const&) requires Source have a character type of type 'char'");
+    return path(__s);
+}
+
+template <class _InputIt>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+typename enable_if<__is_pathable<_InputIt>::value, path>::type
+u8path(_InputIt __f, _InputIt __l) {
+    static_assert(is_same<typename __is_pathable<_InputIt>::__char_type, char>::value,
+        "u8path(Iter, Iter) requires Iter have a value_type of type 'char'");
+    return path(__f, __l);
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS path::iterator
+{
+public:
+    typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    typedef path                       value_type;
+    typedef std::ptrdiff_t             difference_type;
+    typedef const path*                pointer;
+    typedef const path&                reference;
+public:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    iterator() : __elem_(), __path_ptr_(nullptr), __pos_(0) {}
+
+    iterator(const iterator&) = default;
+    ~iterator() = default;
+
+    iterator& operator=(const iterator&) = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    reference operator*() const {
+        return __elem_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    pointer operator->() const {
+        return &__elem_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    iterator& operator++() {
+        return __increment();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    iterator operator++(int) {
+        iterator __it(*this);
+        this->operator++();
+        return __it;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    iterator& operator--() {
+        return __decrement();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    iterator operator--(int) {
+        iterator __it(*this);
+        this->operator--();
+        return __it;
+    }
+
+private:
+    friend class path;
+    friend bool operator==(const iterator&, const iterator&);
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS iterator& __increment();
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS iterator& __decrement();
+
+    path __elem_;
+    const path* __path_ptr_;
+    size_t __pos_;
+};
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator==(const path::iterator& __lhs, const path::iterator& __rhs) {
+    return __lhs.__path_ptr_ == __rhs.__path_ptr_ &&
+           __lhs.__pos_      == __rhs.__pos_;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator!=(const path::iterator& __lhs, const path::iterator& __rhs) {
+    return !(__lhs == __rhs);
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_EXCEPTION_ABI filesystem_error : public system_error
+{
+public:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    filesystem_error(const string& __what, error_code __ec)
+        : system_error(__ec, __what),
+          __paths_(make_shared<_Storage>(path(), path()))
+    {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    filesystem_error(const string& __what, const path& __p1, error_code __ec)
+        : system_error(__ec, __what),
+        __paths_(make_shared<_Storage>(__p1, path()))
+    {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    filesystem_error(const string& __what, const path& __p1, const path& __p2,
+                     error_code __ec)
+        : system_error(__ec, __what),
+          __paths_(make_shared<_Storage>(__p1, __p2))
+    {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const path& path1() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __paths_->first;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const path& path2() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __paths_->second;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    ~filesystem_error() override; // key function
+
+    // TODO(ericwf): Create a custom error message.
+    //const char* what() const _NOEXCEPT;
+
+private:
+    typedef pair<path, path> _Storage;
+    shared_ptr<_Storage> __paths_;
+};
+
+// operational functions
+
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path __canonical(const path&, const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __copy(const path& __from, const path& __to, copy_options __opt,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __copy_file(const path& __from, const path& __to, copy_options __opt,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __copy_symlink(const path& __existing_symlink, const path& __new_symlink,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __create_directories(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __create_directory(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __create_directory(const path& p, const path & attributes,
+        error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __create_directory_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new_symlink,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __create_hard_link(const path& __to, const path& __new_hard_link,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __create_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new_symlink,
+        error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path __current_path(error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __current_path(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __equivalent(const path&, const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+uintmax_t __file_size(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+uintmax_t __hard_link_count(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __fs_is_empty(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+file_time_type __last_write_time(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __last_write_time(const path& p, file_time_type new_time,
+        error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __permissions(const path& p, perms prms, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path __read_symlink(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+bool __remove(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+uintmax_t __remove_all(const path& p, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __rename(const path& from, const path& to, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+void __resize_file(const path& p, uintmax_t size, error_code *ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+space_info __space(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+file_status __status(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+file_status __symlink_status(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path __system_complete(const path&, error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path __temp_directory_path(error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path current_path() {
+    return __current_path();
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path current_path(error_code& __ec) {
+    return __current_path(&__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void current_path(const path& __p) {
+    __current_path(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void current_path(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __current_path(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+path absolute(const path&, const path& __p2 = current_path());
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path canonical(const path& __p, const path& __base = current_path()) {
+    return __canonical(__p, __base);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path canonical(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) {
+    path __base = __current_path(&__ec);
+    if (__ec) return {};
+    return __canonical(__p, __base, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path canonical(const path& __p, const path& __base, error_code& __ec) {
+    return __canonical(__p, __base, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy(const path& __from, const path& __to) {
+    __copy(__from, __to, copy_options::none);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy(const path& __from, const path& __to, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __copy(__from, __to, copy_options::none, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy(const path& __from, const path& __to, copy_options __opt) {
+    __copy(__from, __to, __opt);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy(const path& __from, const path& __to,
+          copy_options __opt, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __copy(__from, __to, __opt, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool copy_file(const path& __from, const path& __to) {
+    return __copy_file(__from, __to, copy_options::none);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool copy_file(const path& __from, const path& __to, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __copy_file(__from, __to, copy_options::none, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool copy_file(const path& __from, const path& __to, copy_options __opt) {
+    return __copy_file(__from, __to, __opt);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool copy_file(const path& __from, const path& __to,
+               copy_options __opt, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __copy_file(__from, __to, __opt, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy_symlink(const path& __existing, const path& __new) {
+    __copy_symlink(__existing, __new);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void copy_symlink(const path& __ext, const path& __new, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __copy_symlink(__ext, __new, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directories(const path& __p) {
+    return __create_directories(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directories(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __create_directories(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directory(const path& __p) {
+    return __create_directory(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directory(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __create_directory(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directory(const path& __p, const path& __attrs) {
+    return __create_directory(__p, __attrs);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool create_directory(const path& __p, const path& __attrs, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __create_directory(__p, __attrs, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_directory_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new) {
+    __create_directory_symlink(__to, __new);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_directory_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new,
+                              error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __create_directory_symlink(__to, __new, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_hard_link(const path& __to, const path& __new) {
+    __create_hard_link(__to, __new);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_hard_link(const path& __to, const path& __new, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __create_hard_link(__to, __new, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new) {
+    __create_symlink(__to, __new);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void create_symlink(const path& __to, const path& __new, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __create_symlink(__to, __new, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool status_known(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() != file_type::none;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool exists(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return status_known(__s) && __s.type() != file_type::not_found;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool exists(const path& __p) {
+    return exists(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool exists(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return exists(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool equivalent(const path& __p1, const path& __p2) {
+    return __equivalent(__p1, __p2);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool equivalent(const path& __p1, const path& __p2, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __equivalent(__p1, __p2, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t file_size(const path& __p) {
+    return __file_size(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t file_size(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __file_size(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t hard_link_count(const path& __p) {
+    return __hard_link_count(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t hard_link_count(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __hard_link_count(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_block_file(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::block;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_block_file(const path& __p) {
+    return is_block_file(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_block_file(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_block_file(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_character_file(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::character;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_character_file(const path& __p) {
+    return is_character_file(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_character_file(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_character_file(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_directory(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::directory;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_directory(const path& __p) {
+    return is_directory(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_directory(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_directory(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_empty(const path& __p) {
+    return __fs_is_empty(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_empty(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __fs_is_empty(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_fifo(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::fifo;
+}
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_fifo(const path& __p) {
+    return is_fifo(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_fifo(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_fifo(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_regular_file(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::regular;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_regular_file(const path& __p) {
+    return is_regular_file(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_regular_file(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_regular_file(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_socket(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::socket;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_socket(const path& __p) {
+    return is_socket(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_socket(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_socket(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_symlink(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __s.type() == file_type::symlink;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_symlink(const path& __p) {
+    return is_symlink(__symlink_status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_symlink(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_symlink(__symlink_status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_other(file_status __s) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return exists(__s)
+        && !is_regular_file(__s) && !is_directory(__s) && !is_symlink(__s);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_other(const path& __p) {
+    return is_other(__status(__p));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool is_other(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return is_other(__status(__p, &__ec));
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_time_type last_write_time(const path& __p) {
+    return __last_write_time(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_time_type last_write_time(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __last_write_time(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void last_write_time(const path& __p, file_time_type __t) {
+    __last_write_time(__p, __t);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void last_write_time(const path& __p, file_time_type __t, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    __last_write_time(__p, __t, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void permissions(const path& __p, perms __prms) {
+    __permissions(__p, __prms);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void permissions(const path& __p, perms __prms, error_code& __ec)  {
+    __permissions(__p, __prms, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path read_symlink(const path& __p) {
+    return __read_symlink(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path read_symlink(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) {
+    return __read_symlink(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool remove(const path& __p) {
+    return __remove(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool remove(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __remove(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t remove_all(const path& __p) {
+    return __remove_all(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+uintmax_t remove_all(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __remove_all(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void rename(const path& __from, const path& __to) {
+    return __rename(__from, __to);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void rename(const path& __from, const path& __to, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __rename(__from, __to, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void resize_file(const path& __p, uintmax_t __ns) {
+    return __resize_file(__p, __ns);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+void resize_file(const path& __p, uintmax_t __ns, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __resize_file(__p, __ns, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+space_info space(const path& __p) {
+    return __space(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+space_info space(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __space(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_status status(const path& __p) {
+    return __status(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_status status(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __status(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_status symlink_status(const path& __p) {
+    return __symlink_status(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+file_status symlink_status(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __symlink_status(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path system_complete(const path& __p) {
+    return __system_complete(__p);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path system_complete(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) {
+    return __system_complete(__p, &__ec);
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path temp_directory_path() {
+    return __temp_directory_path();
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+path temp_directory_path(error_code& __ec) {
+    return __temp_directory_path(&__ec);
+}
+
+
+class directory_entry
+{
+    typedef _VSTD_FS::path _Path;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and destructors
+    directory_entry() _NOEXCEPT = default;
+    directory_entry(directory_entry const&) = default;
+    directory_entry(directory_entry&&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit directory_entry(_Path const& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+
+    ~directory_entry() {}
+
+    directory_entry& operator=(directory_entry const&) = default;
+    directory_entry& operator=(directory_entry&&) _NOEXCEPT = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void assign(_Path const& __p) {
+        __p_ = __p;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void replace_filename(_Path const& __p) {
+        __p_ = __p_.parent_path() / __p;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _Path const& path() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    operator const _Path&() const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    file_status status() const {
+        return _VSTD_FS::status(__p_);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    file_status status(error_code& __ec) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return _VSTD_FS::status(__p_, __ec);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    file_status symlink_status() const {
+        return _VSTD_FS::symlink_status(__p_);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    file_status symlink_status(error_code& __ec) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return _VSTD_FS::symlink_status(__p_, __ec);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator< (directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ < __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator==(directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ == __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator!=(directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ != __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator<=(directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ <= __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator> (directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ > __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator>=(directory_entry const& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT {
+        return __p_ >= __rhs.__p_;
+    }
+private:
+    _Path __p_;
+};
+
+
+class directory_iterator;
+class recursive_directory_iterator;
+class __dir_stream;
+
+class __dir_element_proxy {
+public:
+
+    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    directory_entry operator*() { return _VSTD::move(__elem_); }
+
+private:
+    friend class directory_iterator;
+    friend class recursive_directory_iterator;
+    explicit __dir_element_proxy(directory_entry const& __e) : __elem_(__e) {}
+    __dir_element_proxy(__dir_element_proxy&& __o) : __elem_(_VSTD::move(__o.__elem_)) {}
+    directory_entry __elem_;
+};
+
+class directory_iterator
+{
+public:
+    typedef directory_entry value_type;
+    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef value_type const* pointer;
+    typedef value_type const& reference;
+    typedef input_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+
+public:
+    //ctor & dtor
+    directory_iterator() _NOEXCEPT
+    { }
+
+    explicit directory_iterator(const path& __p)
+        : directory_iterator(__p, nullptr)
+    { }
+
+    directory_iterator(const path& __p, directory_options __opts)
+        : directory_iterator(__p, nullptr, __opts)
+    { }
+
+    directory_iterator(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+        : directory_iterator(__p, &__ec)
+    { }
+
+    directory_iterator(const path& __p, directory_options __opts,
+                       error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+        : directory_iterator(__p, &__ec, __opts)
+    { }
+
+    directory_iterator(const directory_iterator&) = default;
+    directory_iterator(directory_iterator&&) = default;
+    directory_iterator& operator=(const directory_iterator&) = default;
+
+    directory_iterator& operator=(directory_iterator&& __o) _NOEXCEPT {
+        // non-default implementation provided to support self-move assign.
+        if (this != &__o) {
+            __imp_ = _VSTD::move(__o.__imp_);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~directory_iterator() = default;
+
+    const directory_entry& operator*() const {
+        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__imp_, "The end iterator cannot be dereferenced");
+        return __deref();
+    }
+
+    const directory_entry* operator->() const
+    { return &**this; }
+
+    directory_iterator& operator++()
+    { return __increment(); }
+
+    __dir_element_proxy operator++(int) {
+        __dir_element_proxy __p(**this);
+        __increment();
+        return __p;
+    }
+
+    directory_iterator& increment(error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+    { return __increment(&__ec); }
+
+private:
+    friend bool operator==(const directory_iterator& __lhs,
+                           const directory_iterator& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    // construct the dir_stream
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    directory_iterator(const path&, error_code *, directory_options = directory_options::none);
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    directory_iterator& __increment(error_code * __ec = nullptr);
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    const directory_entry& __deref() const;
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<__dir_stream> __imp_;
+};
+
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator==(const directory_iterator& __lhs,
+                const directory_iterator& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __lhs.__imp_ == __rhs.__imp_;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool operator!=(const directory_iterator& __lhs,
+                const directory_iterator& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return !(__lhs == __rhs);
+}
+
+// enable directory_iterator range-based for statements
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+directory_iterator begin(directory_iterator __iter) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __iter;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+directory_iterator end(const directory_iterator&) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return directory_iterator();
+}
+
+class recursive_directory_iterator {
+public:
+    using value_type = directory_entry;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using pointer = directory_entry const *;
+    using reference = directory_entry const &;
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and destructor
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    recursive_directory_iterator()  _NOEXCEPT
+        : __rec_(false)
+    {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit recursive_directory_iterator(const path& __p,
+                directory_options __xoptions = directory_options::none)
+        : recursive_directory_iterator(__p, __xoptions,  nullptr)
+    { }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    recursive_directory_iterator(const path& __p,
+        directory_options __xoptions, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+        : recursive_directory_iterator(__p, __xoptions, &__ec)
+    { }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    recursive_directory_iterator(const path& __p, error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+        : recursive_directory_iterator(__p, directory_options::none,  &__ec)
+    { }
+
+    recursive_directory_iterator(const recursive_directory_iterator&) = default;
+    recursive_directory_iterator(recursive_directory_iterator&&) = default;
+
+    recursive_directory_iterator &
+    operator=(const recursive_directory_iterator&) = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    recursive_directory_iterator &
+    operator=(recursive_directory_iterator&& __o) noexcept {
+        // non-default implementation provided to support self-move assign.
+        if (this != &__o) {
+            __imp_ = _VSTD::move(__o.__imp_);
+            __rec_ = __o.__rec_;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~recursive_directory_iterator() = default;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const directory_entry& operator*() const
+    { return __deref(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const directory_entry* operator->() const
+    { return &__deref(); }
+
+    recursive_directory_iterator& operator++()
+    { return __increment(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    __dir_element_proxy operator++(int) {
+        __dir_element_proxy __p(**this);
+        __increment();
+        return __p;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    recursive_directory_iterator& increment(error_code& __ec) _NOEXCEPT
+    { return __increment(&__ec); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS directory_options options() const;
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS int  depth() const;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void pop() { __pop(); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void pop(error_code& __ec)
+    { __pop(&__ec); }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool recursion_pending() const
+    { return __rec_; }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void disable_recursion_pending()
+    { __rec_ = false; }
+
+private:
+    recursive_directory_iterator(const path& __p, directory_options __opt,
+                                 error_code *__ec);
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    const directory_entry& __deref() const;
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    bool __try_recursion(error_code* __ec);
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    void __advance(error_code* __ec=nullptr);
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    recursive_directory_iterator& __increment(error_code *__ec=nullptr);
+
+    _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
+    void __pop(error_code* __ec=nullptr);
+
+    friend bool operator==(const recursive_directory_iterator&,
+                           const recursive_directory_iterator&) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    struct __shared_imp;
+    shared_ptr<__shared_imp> __imp_;
+    bool __rec_;
+};                                     // class recursive_directory_iterator
+
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline bool operator==(const recursive_directory_iterator& __lhs,
+                        const recursive_directory_iterator& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return __lhs.__imp_ == __rhs.__imp_;
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline bool operator!=(const recursive_directory_iterator& __lhs,
+                        const recursive_directory_iterator& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return !(__lhs == __rhs);
+}
+// enable recursive_directory_iterator range-based for statements
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+recursive_directory_iterator begin(recursive_directory_iterator __iter) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return __iter;
+}
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+recursive_directory_iterator end(const recursive_directory_iterator&) _NOEXCEPT {
+    return recursive_directory_iterator();
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM