The following are the known types of zipfile extra fields as of this
writing.  Extra fields are documented in PKWARE's appnote.txt and are
intended to allow for backward- and forward-compatible extensions to
the zipfile format.  Multiple extra-field types may be chained together,
provided that the total length of all extra-field data is less than 64KB.
(In fact, PKWARE requires that the total length of the entire file header,
including timestamp, file attributes, filename, comment, extra field, etc.,
be no more than 64KB.)

Each extra-field type (or subblock) must contain a four-byte header con-
sisting of a two-byte header ID and a two-byte length (little-endian) for
the remaining data in the subblock.  If there are additional subblocks
within the extra field, the header for each one will appear immediately
following the data for the previous subblock (i.e., with no padding for
alignment).

All integer fields in the descriptions below are in little-endian (Intel)
format unless otherwise specified.  Note that "Short" means two bytes,
"Long" means four bytes, and "Long-Long" means eight bytes, regardless
of their native sizes.  Unless specifically noted, all integer fields should
be interpreted as unsigned (non-negative) numbers.

Christian Spieler, 20010517

Updated to include the Unicode extra fields.  Added new Unix extra field.

Ed Gordon, 20060819, 20070607, 20070909, 20080426, 20080509

                        -------------------------

          Header ID's of 0 thru 31 are reserved for use by PKWARE.
          The remaining ID's can be used by third party vendors for
          proprietary usage.

          The current Header ID mappings defined by PKWARE are:

          0x0001        ZIP64 extended information extra field
          0x0007        AV Info
          0x0009        OS/2 extended attributes      (also Info-ZIP)
          0x000a        NTFS (Win9x/WinNT FileTimes)
          0x000c        OpenVMS                       (also Info-ZIP)
          0x000d        Unix
          0x000f        Patch Descriptor
          0x0014        PKCS#7 Store for X.509 Certificates
          0x0015        X.509 Certificate ID and Signature for
                        individual file
          0x0016        X.509 Certificate ID for Central Directory

          The Header ID mappings defined by Info-ZIP and third parties are:

          0x0065        IBM S/390 attributes - uncompressed
          0x0066        IBM S/390 attributes - compressed
          0x07c8        Info-ZIP Macintosh (old, J. Lee)
          0x2605        ZipIt Macintosh (first version)
          0x2705        ZipIt Macintosh v 1.3.5 and newer (w/o full filename)
          0x334d        Info-ZIP Macintosh (new, D. Haase's 'Mac3' field )
          0x4154        Tandem NSK
          0x4341        Acorn/SparkFS (David Pilling)
          0x4453        Windows NT security descriptor (binary ACL)
          0x4704        VM/CMS
          0x470f        MVS
          0x4854        Theos, old inofficial port
          0x4b46        FWKCS MD5 (see below)
          0x4c41        OS/2 access control list (text ACL)
          0x4d49        Info-ZIP OpenVMS (obsolete)
          0x4d63        Macintosh SmartZIP, by Macro Bambini
          0x4f4c        Xceed original location extra field
          0x5356        AOS/VS (binary ACL)
          0x5455        extended timestamp
          0x5855        Info-ZIP Unix (original; also OS/2, NT, etc.)
          0x554e        Xceed unicode extra field
          0x6375        Info-ZIP Unicode Comment
          0x6542        BeOS (BeBox, PowerMac, etc.)
          0x6854        Theos
          0x7075        Info-ZIP Unicode Path
          0x756e        ASi Unix
          0x7855        Info-ZIP Unix (previous new)
          0x7875        Info-ZIP Unix (new)
          0xfb4a        SMS/QDOS

The following are detailed descriptions of the known extra-field block types:

         -OS/2 Extended Attributes Extra Field:
          ====================================

          The following is the layout of the OS/2 extended attributes "extra"
          block.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (OS/2)  0x0009        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed EA data size
          CType         Short       compression type
          EACRC         Long        CRC value for uncompressed EA data
          (var.)        variable    compressed EA data

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (OS/2)  0x0009        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (4)
          BSize         Long        size of uncompressed local EA data

          The value of CType is interpreted according to the "compression
          method" section above; i.e., 0 for stored, 8 for deflated, etc.

          The OS/2 extended attribute structure (FEA2LIST) is compressed and
          then stored in its entirety within this structure.  There will only
          ever be one block of data in the variable-length field.


         -OS/2 Access Control List Extra Field:
          ====================================

          The following is the layout of the OS/2 ACL extra block.
          (Last Revision 19960922)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (ACL)   0x4c41        Short       tag for this extra block type ("AL")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed ACL data size
          CType         Short       compression type
          EACRC         Long        CRC value for uncompressed ACL data
          (var.)        variable    compressed ACL data

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (ACL)   0x4c41        Short       tag for this extra block type ("AL")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (4)
          BSize         Long        size of uncompressed local ACL data

          The value of CType is interpreted according to the "compression
          method" section above; i.e., 0 for stored, 8 for deflated, etc.

          The uncompressed ACL data consist of a text header of the form
          "ACL1:%hX,%hd\n", where the first field is the OS/2 ACCINFO acc_attr
          member and the second is acc_count, followed by acc_count strings
          of the form "%s,%hx\n", where the first field is acl_ugname (user
          group name) and the second acl_access.  This block type will be
          extended for other operating systems as needed.


         -Windows NT Security Descriptor Extra Field:
          ==========================================

          The following is the layout of the NT Security Descriptor (another
          type of ACL) extra block.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (SD)    0x4453        Short       tag for this extra block type ("SD")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed SD data size
          Version       Byte        version of uncompressed SD data format
          CType         Short       compression type
          EACRC         Long        CRC value for uncompressed SD data
          (var.)        variable    compressed SD data

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (SD)    0x4453        Short       tag for this extra block type ("SD")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (4)
          BSize         Long        size of uncompressed local SD data

          The value of CType is interpreted according to the "compression
          method" section above; i.e., 0 for stored, 8 for deflated, etc.
          Version specifies how the compressed data are to be interpreted
          and allows for future expansion of this extra field type.  Currently
          only version 0 is defined.

          For version 0, the compressed data are to be interpreted as a single
          valid Windows NT SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR data structure, in self-relative
          format.


         -PKWARE Win95/WinNT Extra Field:
          ==============================

          The following description covers PKWARE's "NTFS" attributes
          "extra" block, introduced with the release of PKZIP 2.50 for
          Windows. (Last Revision 20001118)

          (Note: At this time the Mtime, Atime and Ctime values may
          be used on any WIN32 system.)
         [Info-ZIP note: In the current implementations, this field has
          a fixed total data size of 32 bytes and is only stored as local
          extra field.]

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (NTFS)  0x000a        Short       Tag for this "extra" block type
          TSize         Short       Total Data Size for this block
          Reserved      Long        for future use
          Tag1          Short       NTFS attribute tag value #1
          Size1         Short       Size of attribute #1, in bytes
          (var.)        SubSize1    Attribute #1 data
          .
          .
          .
          TagN          Short       NTFS attribute tag value #N
          SizeN         Short       Size of attribute #N, in bytes
          (var.)        SubSize1    Attribute #N data

          For NTFS, values for Tag1 through TagN are as follows:
          (currently only one set of attributes is defined for NTFS)

          Tag        Size       Description
          -----      ----       -----------
          0x0001     2 bytes    Tag for attribute #1
          Size1      2 bytes    Size of attribute #1, in bytes (24)
          Mtime      8 bytes    64-bit NTFS file last modification time
          Atime      8 bytes    64-bit NTFS file last access time
          Ctime      8 bytes    64-bit NTFS file creation time

          The total length for this block is 28 bytes, resulting in a
          fixed size value of 32 for the TSize field of the NTFS block.

          The NTFS filetimes are 64-bit unsigned integers, stored in Intel
          (least significant byte first) byte order. They determine the
          number of 1.0E-07 seconds (1/10th microseconds!) past WinNT "epoch",
          which is "01-Jan-1601 00:00:00 UTC".


         -PKWARE OpenVMS Extra Field:
          ==========================

          The following is the layout of PKWARE's OpenVMS attributes "extra"
          block.  (Last Revision 12/17/91)

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (VMS)   0x000c        Short       Tag for this "extra" block type
          TSize         Short       Total Data Size for this block
          CRC           Long        32-bit CRC for remainder of the block
          Tag1          Short       OpenVMS attribute tag value #1
          Size1         Short       Size of attribute #1, in bytes
          (var.)        Size1       Attribute #1 data
          .
          .
          .
          TagN          Short       OpenVMS attribute tage value #N
          SizeN         Short       Size of attribute #N, in bytes
          (var.)        SizeN       Attribute #N data

          Rules:

          1. There will be one or more of attributes present, which
             will each be preceded by the above TagX & SizeX values.
             These values are identical to the ATR$C_XXXX and
             ATR$S_XXXX constants which are defined in ATR.H under
             OpenVMS C.  Neither of these values will ever be zero.

          2. No word alignment or padding is performed.

          3. A well-behaved PKZIP/OpenVMS program should never produce
             more than one sub-block with the same TagX value.  Also,
             there will never be more than one "extra" block of type
             0x000c in a particular directory record.


         -Info-ZIP VMS Extra Field:
          ========================

          The following is the layout of Info-ZIP's VMS attributes extra
          block for VAX or Alpha AXP.  The local-header and central-header
          versions are identical.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (VMS2)  0x4d49        Short       tag for this extra block type ("JM")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          ID            Long        block ID
          Flags         Short       info bytes
          BSize         Short       uncompressed block size
          Reserved      Long        (reserved)
          (var.)        variable    compressed VMS file-attributes block

          The block ID is one of the following unterminated strings:

                "VFAB"          struct FAB
                "VALL"          struct XABALL
                "VFHC"          struct XABFHC
                "VDAT"          struct XABDAT
                "VRDT"          struct XABRDT
                "VPRO"          struct XABPRO
                "VKEY"          struct XABKEY
                "VMSV"          version (e.g., "V6.1"; truncated at hyphen)
                "VNAM"          reserved

          The lower three bits of Flags indicate the compression method.  The
          currently defined methods are:

                0       stored (not compressed)
                1       simple "RLE"
                2       deflated

          The "RLE" method simply replaces zero-valued bytes with zero-valued
          bits and non-zero-valued bytes with a "1" bit followed by the byte
          value.

          The variable-length compressed data contains only the data corre-
          sponding to the indicated structure or string.  Typically multiple
          VMS2 extra fields are present (each with a unique block type).


         -Info-ZIP Macintosh Extra Field:
          ==============================

          The following is the layout of the (old) Info-ZIP resource-fork extra
          block for Macintosh.  The local-header and central-header versions
          are identical.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Mac)   0x07c8        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          "JLEE"        beLong      extra-field signature
          FInfo         16 bytes    Macintosh FInfo structure
          CrDat         beLong      HParamBlockRec fileParam.ioFlCrDat
          MdDat         beLong      HParamBlockRec fileParam.ioFlMdDat
          Flags         beLong      info bits
          DirID         beLong      HParamBlockRec fileParam.ioDirID
          VolName       28 bytes    volume name (optional)

          All fields but the first two are in native Macintosh format
          (big-endian Motorola order, not little-endian Intel).  The least
          significant bit of Flags is 1 if the file is a data fork, 0 other-
          wise.  In addition, if this extra field is present, the filename
          has an extra 'd' or 'r' appended to indicate data fork or resource
          fork.  The 28-byte VolName field may be omitted.


         -ZipIt Macintosh Extra Field (long):
          ==================================

          The following is the layout of the ZipIt extra block for Macintosh.
          The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19970130)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Mac2)  0x2605        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          "ZPIT"        beLong      extra-field signature
          FnLen         Byte        length of FileName
          FileName      variable    full Macintosh filename
          FileType      Byte[4]     four-byte Mac file type string
          Creator       Byte[4]     four-byte Mac creator string


         -ZipIt Macintosh Extra Field (short):
          ===================================

          The following is the layout of a shortened variant of the
          ZipIt extra block for Macintosh (without "full name" entry).
          This variant is used by ZipIt 1.3.5 and newer for entries that
          do not need a "full Mac filename" record.
          The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19980903)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Mac2b) 0x2705        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (12)
          "ZPIT"        beLong      extra-field signature
          FileType      Byte[4]     four-byte Mac file type string
          Creator       Byte[4]     four-byte Mac creator string


         -Info-ZIP Macintosh Extra Field (new):
          ====================================

          The following is the layout of the (new) Info-ZIP extra
          block for Macintosh, designed by Dirk Haase.
          All values are in little-endian.
          (Last Revision 19981005)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Mac3)  0x334d        Short       tag for this extra block type ("M3")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed finder attribute data size
          Flags         Short       info bits
          fdType        Byte[4]     Type of the File (4-byte string)
          fdCreator     Byte[4]     Creator of the File (4-byte string)
          (CType)       Short       compression type
          (CRC)         Long        CRC value for uncompressed MacOS data
          Attribs       variable    finder attribute data (see below)


          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Mac3)  0x334d        Short       tag for this extra block type ("M3")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed finder attribute data size
          Flags         Short       info bits
          fdType        Byte[4]     Type of the File (4-byte string)
          fdCreator     Byte[4]     Creator of the File (4-byte string)

          The third bit of Flags in both headers indicates whether
          the LOCAL extra field is uncompressed (and therefore whether CType
          and CRC are omitted):

          Bits of the Flags:
              bit 0           if set, file is a data fork; otherwise unset
              bit 1           if set, filename will be not changed
              bit 2           if set, Attribs is uncompressed (no CType, CRC)
              bit 3           if set, date and times are in 64 bit
                              if zero date and times are in 32 bit.
              bit 4           if set, timezone offsets fields for the native
                              Mac times are omitted (UTC support deactivated)
              bits 5-15       reserved;


          Attributes:

          Attribs is a Mac-specific block of data in little-endian format with
          the following structure (if compressed, uncompress it first):

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
          fdFlags       Short       Finder Flags
          fdLocation.v  Short       Finder Icon Location
          fdLocation.h  Short       Finder Icon Location
          fdFldr        Short       Folder containing file

          FXInfo        16 bytes    Macintosh FXInfo structure
            FXInfo-Structure:
                fdIconID        Short
                fdUnused[3]     Short       unused but reserved 6 bytes
                fdScript        Byte        Script flag and number
                fdXFlags        Byte        More flag bits
                fdComment       Short       Comment ID
                fdPutAway       Long        Home Dir ID

          FVersNum      Byte        file version number
                                    may be not used by MacOS
          ACUser        Byte        directory access rights

          FlCrDat       ULong       date and time of creation
          FlMdDat       ULong       date and time of last modification
          FlBkDat       ULong       date and time of last backup
            These time numbers are original Mac FileTime values (local time!).
            Currently, date-time width is 32-bit, but future version may
            support be 64-bit times (see flags)

          CrGMTOffs     Long(signed!)   difference "local Creat. time - UTC"
          MdGMTOffs     Long(signed!)   difference "local Modif. time - UTC"
          BkGMTOffs     Long(signed!)   difference "local Backup time - UTC"
            These "local time - UTC" differences (stored in seconds) may be
            used to support timestamp adjustment after inter-timezone transfer.
            These fields are optional; bit 4 of the flags word controls their
            presence.

          Charset       Short       TextEncodingBase (Charset)
                                    valid for the following two fields

          FullPath      variable    Path of the current file.
                                    Zero terminated string (C-String)
                                    Currently coded in the native Charset.

          Comment       variable    Finder Comment of the current file.
                                    Zero terminated string (C-String)
                                    Currently coded in the native Charset.


         -SmartZIP Macintosh Extra Field:
          ====================================

          The following is the layout of the SmartZIP extra
          block for Macintosh, designed by Marco Bambini.

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
          0x4d63        Short       tag for this extra block type ("cM")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (64)
          "dZip"        beLong      extra-field signature
          fdType        Byte[4]     Type of the File (4-byte string)
          fdCreator     Byte[4]     Creator of the File (4-byte string)
          fdFlags       beShort     Finder Flags
          fdLocation.v  beShort     Finder Icon Location
          fdLocation.h  beShort     Finder Icon Location
          fdFldr        beShort     Folder containing file
          CrDat         beLong      HParamBlockRec fileParam.ioFlCrDat
          MdDat         beLong      HParamBlockRec fileParam.ioFlMdDat
          frScroll.v    Byte        vertical pos. of folder's scroll bar
          fdScript      Byte        Script flag and number
          frScroll.h    Byte        horizontal pos. of folder's scroll bar
          fdXFlags      Byte        More flag bits
          FileName      Byte[32]    full Macintosh filename (pascal string)

          All fields but the first two are in native Macintosh format
          (big-endian Motorola order, not little-endian Intel).
          The extra field size is fixed to 64 bytes.
          The local-header and central-header versions are identical.


         -Acorn SparkFS Extra Field:
          =========================

          The following is the layout of David Pilling's SparkFS extra block
          for Acorn RISC OS.  The local-header and central-header versions are
          identical.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Acorn) 0x4341        Short       tag for this extra block type ("AC")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (20)
          "ARC0"        Long        extra-field signature
          LoadAddr      Long        load address or file type
          ExecAddr      Long        exec address
          Attr          Long        file permissions
          Zero          Long        reserved; always zero

          The following bits of Attr are associated with the given file
          permissions:

                bit 0           user-writable ('W')
                bit 1           user-readable ('R')
                bit 2           reserved
                bit 3           locked ('L')
                bit 4           publicly writable ('w')
                bit 5           publicly readable ('r')
                bit 6           reserved
                bit 7           reserved


         -VM/CMS Extra Field:
          ==================

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          VM/CMS.  The local-header and central-header versions are
          identical.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
 (VM/CMS) 0x4704        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          flData        variable    file attributes data

          flData is an uncompressed fldata_t struct.


         -MVS Extra Field:
          ===============

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          MVS.  The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19960922)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (MVS)   0x470f        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          flData        variable    file attributes data

          flData is an uncompressed fldata_t struct.


         -PKWARE Unix Extra Field:
          ========================

          The following is the layout of PKWARE's Unix "extra" block.
          It was introduced with the release of PKZIP for Unix 2.50.
          Note: all fields are stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.
          (Last Revision 19980901)

          This field has a minimum data size of 12 bytes and is only stored
          as local extra field.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
 (Unix0)  0x000d        Short       Tag for this "extra" block type
          TSize         Short       Total Data Size for this block
          AcTime        Long        time of last access (UTC/GMT)
          ModTime       Long        time of last modification (UTC/GMT)
          UID           Short       Unix user ID
          GID           Short       Unix group ID
          (var)         variable    Variable length data field

          The variable length data field will contain file type
          specific data.  Currently the only values allowed are
          the original "linked to" file names for hard or symbolic
          links, and the major and minor device node numbers for
          character and block device nodes.  Since device nodes
          cannot be either symbolic or hard links, only one set of
          variable length data is stored.  Link files will have the
          name of the original file stored.  This name is NOT NULL
          terminated.  Its size can be determined by checking TSize -
          12.  Device entries will have eight bytes stored as two 4
          byte entries (in little-endian format).  The first entry
          will be the major device number, and the second the minor
          device number.

         [Info-ZIP note: The fixed part of this field has the same layout as
          Info-ZIP's abandoned "Unix1 timestamps & owner ID info" extra field;
          only the two tag bytes are different.]


         -PATCH Descriptor Extra Field:
          ============================

          The following is the layout of the Patch Descriptor "extra"
          block.

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Patch) 0x000f        Short       Tag for this "extra" block type
          TSize         Short       Size of the total "extra" block
          Version       Short       Version of the descriptor
          Flags         Long        Actions and reactions (see below)
          OldSize       Long        Size of the file about to be patched
          OldCRC        Long        32-bit CRC of the file about to be patched
          NewSize       Long        Size of the resulting file
          NewCRC        Long        32-bit CRC of the resulting file


          Actions and reactions

          Bits          Description
          ----          ----------------
          0             Use for autodetection
          1             Treat as selfpatch
          2-3           RESERVED
          4-5           Action (see below)
          6-7           RESERVED
          8-9           Reaction (see below) to absent file
          10-11         Reaction (see below) to newer file
          12-13         Reaction (see below) to unknown file
          14-15         RESERVED
          16-31         RESERVED

          Actions

          Action       Value
          ------       -----
          none         0
          add          1
          delete       2
          patch        3

          Reactions

          Reaction     Value
          --------     -----
          ask          0
          skip         1
          ignore       2
          fail         3


         -PKCS#7 Store for X.509 Certificates:
          ===================================

          This field is contains the information about each
          certificate a file is signed with.  This field should only
          appear in the first central directory record, and will be
          ignored in any other record.

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Store) 0x0014        2 bytes     Tag for this "extra" block type
          SSize         2 bytes     Size of the store data
          SData         (variable)  Data about the store

          SData
          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
          Version       2 bytes     Version number, 0x0001 for now
          StoreD        (variable)  Actual store data

          The StoreD member is suitable for passing as the pbData
          member of a CRYPT_DATA_BLOB to the CertOpenStore() function
          in Microsoft's CryptoAPI.  The SSize member above will be
          cbData + 6, where cbData is the cbData member of the same
          CRYPT_DATA_BLOB.  The encoding type to pass to
          CertOpenStore() should be
          PKCS_7_ANS_ENCODING | X509_ASN_ENCODING.


         -X.509 Certificate ID and Signature for individual file:
          ======================================================

          This field contains the information about which certificate
          in the PKCS#7 Store was used to sign the particular file.
          It also contains the signature data.  This field can appear
          multiple times, but can only appear once per certificate.

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (CID)   0x0015        2 bytes     Tag for this "extra" block type
          CSize         2 bytes     Size of Method
          Method        (variable)

          Method
          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
          Version       2 bytes     Version number, for now 0x0001
          AlgID         2 bytes     Algorithm ID used for signing
          IDSize        2 bytes     Size of Certificate ID data
          CertID        (variable)  Certificate ID data
          SigSize       2 bytes     Size of Signature data
          Sig           (variable)  Signature data

          CertID
          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
          Size1         4 bytes     Size of CertID, should be (IDSize - 4)
          Size1         4 bytes     A bug in version one causes this value
                                    to appear twice.
          IssSize       4 bytes     Issuer data size
          Issuer        (variable)  Issuer data
          SerSize       4 bytes     Serial Number size
          Serial        (variable)  Serial Number data

          The Issuer and IssSize members are suitable for creating a
          CRYPT_DATA_BLOB to be the Issuer member of a CERT_INFO
          struct. The Serial and SerSize members would be the
          SerialNumber member of the same CERT_INFO struct.  This
          struct would be used to find the certificate in the store
          the file was signed with.  Those structures are from the MS
          CryptoAPI.

          Sig and SigSize are the actual signature data and size
          generated by signing the file with the MS CryptoAPI using a
          hash created with the given AlgID.


         -X.509 Certificate ID and Signature for central directory:
          ========================================================

          This field contains the information about which certificate
          in the PKCS#7 Store was used to sign the central directory.
          It should only appear with the first central directory
          record, along with the store.  The data structure is the
          same as the CID, except that SigSize will be 0, and there
          will be no Sig member.

          This field is also kept after the last central directory
          record, as the signature data (ID 0x05054b50, it looks like
          a central directory record of a different type).  This
          second copy of the data is the Signature Data member of the
          record, and will have a SigSize that is non-zero, and will
          have Sig data.

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (CDID)  0x0016        2 bytes     Tag for this "extra" block type
          CSize         2 bytes     Size of Method
          Method       (variable)


         -ZIP64 Extended Information Extra Field:
          ======================================

          The following is the layout of the ZIP64 extended
          information "extra" block. If one of the size or
          offset fields in the Local or Central directory
          record is too small to hold the required data,
          a ZIP64 extended information record is created.
          The order of the fields in the ZIP64 extended
          information record is fixed, but the fields will
          only appear if the corresponding Local or Central
          directory record field is set to 0xFFFF or 0xFFFFFFFF.

          Note: all fields stored in Intel low-byte/high-byte order.

          Value      Size       Description
          -----      ----       -----------
  (ZIP64) 0x0001     2 bytes    Tag for this "extra" block type
          Size       2 bytes    Size of this "extra" block
          Original
          Size       8 bytes    Original uncompresseed file size
          Compressed
          Size       8 bytes    Size of compressed data
          Relative Header
          Offset     8 bytes    Offset of local header record
          Disk Start
          Number     4 bytes    Number of the disk on which
                                this file starts

          This entry in the Local header must include BOTH original
          and compressed file sizes.


         -Extended Timestamp Extra Field:
          ==============================

          The following is the layout of the extended-timestamp extra block.
          (Last Revision 19970118)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (time)  0x5455        Short       tag for this extra block type ("UT")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          Flags         Byte        info bits
          (ModTime)     Long        time of last modification (UTC/GMT)
          (AcTime)      Long        time of last access (UTC/GMT)
          (CrTime)      Long        time of original creation (UTC/GMT)

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (time)  0x5455        Short       tag for this extra block type ("UT")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          Flags         Byte        info bits (refers to local header!)
          (ModTime)     Long        time of last modification (UTC/GMT)

          The central-header extra field contains the modification time only,
          or no timestamp at all.  TSize is used to flag its presence or
          absence.  But note:

              If "Flags" indicates that Modtime is present in the local header
              field, it MUST be present in the central header field, too!
              This correspondence is required because the modification time
              value may be used to support trans-timezone freshening and
              updating operations with zip archives.

          The time values are in standard Unix signed-long format, indicating
          the number of seconds since 1 January 1970 00:00:00.  The times
          are relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), also sometimes
          referred to as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).  To convert to local time,
          the software must know the local timezone offset from UTC/GMT.

          The lower three bits of Flags in both headers indicate which time-
          stamps are present in the LOCAL extra field:

                bit 0           if set, modification time is present
                bit 1           if set, access time is present
                bit 2           if set, creation time is present
                bits 3-7        reserved for additional timestamps; not set

          Those times that are present will appear in the order indicated, but
          any combination of times may be omitted.  (Creation time may be
          present without access time, for example.)  TSize should equal
          (1 + 4*(number of set bits in Flags)), as the block is currently
          defined.  Other timestamps may be added in the future.


         -Info-ZIP Unix Extra Field (type 1):
          ==================================

          The following is the layout of the old Info-ZIP extra block for
          Unix.  It has been replaced by the extended-timestamp extra block
          (0x5455) and the Unix type 2 extra block (0x7855).
          (Last Revision 19970118)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Unix1) 0x5855        Short       tag for this extra block type ("UX")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          AcTime        Long        time of last access (UTC/GMT)
          ModTime       Long        time of last modification (UTC/GMT)
          UID           Short       Unix user ID (optional)
          GID           Short       Unix group ID (optional)

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Unix1) 0x5855        Short       tag for this extra block type ("UX")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          AcTime        Long        time of last access (GMT/UTC)
          ModTime       Long        time of last modification (GMT/UTC)

          The file access and modification times are in standard Unix signed-
          long format, indicating the number of seconds since 1 January 1970
          00:00:00.  The times are relative to Coordinated Universal Time
          (UTC), also sometimes referred to as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).  To
          convert to local time, the software must know the local timezone
          offset from UTC/GMT.  The modification time may be used by non-Unix
          systems to support inter-timezone freshening and updating of zip
          archives.

          The local-header extra block may optionally contain UID and GID
          info for the file.  The local-header TSize value is the only
          indication of this.  Note that Unix UIDs and GIDs are usually
          specific to a particular machine, and they generally require root
          access to restore.

          This extra field type is obsolete, but it has been in use since
          mid-1994.  Therefore future archiving software should continue to
          support it.  Some guidelines:

              An archive member should either contain the old "Unix1"
              extra field block or the new extra field types "time" and/or
              "Unix2".

              If both the old "Unix1" block type and one or both of the new
              block types "time" and "Unix2" are found, the "Unix1" block
              should be considered invalid and ignored.

              Unarchiving software should recognize both old and new extra
              field block types, but the info from new types overrides the
              old "Unix1" field.

              Archiving software should recognize "Unix1" extra fields for
              timestamp comparison but never create it for updated, freshened
              or new archive members.  When copying existing members to a new
              archive, any "Unix1" extra field blocks should be converted to
              the new "time" and/or "Unix2" types.


         -Info-ZIP Unix Extra Field (type 2):
          ==================================

          The following is the layout of the new Info-ZIP extra block for
          Unix.  (Last Revision 19960922)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Unix2) 0x7855        Short       tag for this extra block type ("Ux")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (4)
          UID           Short       Unix user ID
          GID           Short       Unix group ID

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Unix2) 0x7855        Short       tag for this extra block type ("Ux")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (0)

          The data size of the central-header version is zero; it is used
          solely as a flag that UID/GID info is present in the local-header
          extra field.  If additional fields are ever added to the local
          version, the central version may be extended to indicate this.

          Note that Unix UIDs and GIDs are usually specific to a particular
          machine, and they generally require root access to restore.


         -ASi Unix Extra Field:
          ====================

          The following is the layout of the ASi extra block for Unix.  The
          local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19960916)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Unix3) 0x756e        Short       tag for this extra block type ("nu")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          CRC           Long        CRC-32 of the remaining data
          Mode          Short       file permissions
          SizDev        Long        symlink'd size OR major/minor dev num
          UID           Short       user ID
          GID           Short       group ID
          (var.)        variable    symbolic link filename

          Mode is the standard Unix st_mode field from struct stat, containing
          user/group/other permissions, setuid/setgid and symlink info, etc.

          If Mode indicates that this file is a symbolic link, SizDev is the
          size of the file to which the link points.  Otherwise, if the file
          is a device, SizDev contains the standard Unix st_rdev field from
          struct stat (includes the major and minor numbers of the device).
          SizDev is undefined in other cases.

          If Mode indicates that the file is a symbolic link, the final field
          will be the name of the file to which the link points.  The file-
          name length can be inferred from TSize.

          [Note that TSize may incorrectly refer to the data size not counting
           the CRC; i.e., it may be four bytes too small.]


         -BeOS Extra Field:
          ================

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          BeOS.  (Last Revision 19970531)

          Local-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (BeOS)  0x6542        Short       tag for this extra block type ("Be")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          BSize         Long        uncompressed file attribute data size
          Flags         Byte        info bits
          (CType)       Short       compression type
          (CRC)         Long        CRC value for uncompressed file attribs
          Attribs       variable    file attribute data

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (BeOS)  0x6542        Short       tag for this extra block type ("Be")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (5)
          BSize         Long        size of uncompr. local EF block data
          Flags         Byte        info bits

          The least significant bit of Flags in both headers indicates whether
          the LOCAL extra field is uncompressed (and therefore whether CType
          and CRC are omitted):

                bit 0           if set, Attribs is uncompressed (no CType, CRC)
                bits 1-7        reserved; if set, assume error or unknown data

          Currently the only supported compression types are deflated (type 8)
          and stored (type 0); the latter is not used by Info-ZIP's Zip but is
          supported by UnZip.

          Attribs is a BeOS-specific block of data in big-endian format with
          the following structure (if compressed, uncompress it first):

              Value     Size        Description
              -----     ----        -----------
              Name      variable    attribute name (null-terminated string)
              Type      Long        attribute type (32-bit unsigned integer)
              Size      Long Long   data size for this sub-block (64 bits)
              Data      variable    attribute data

          The attribute structure is repeated for every attribute.  The Data
          field may contain anything--text, flags, bitmaps, etc.


         -SMS/QDOS Extra Field:
          ====================

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          SMS/QDOS.  The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19960929)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (QDOS)  0xfb4a        Short       tag for this extra block type
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          LongID        Long        extra-field signature
          (ExtraID)     Long        additional signature/flag bytes
          QDirect       64 bytes    qdirect structure

          LongID may be "QZHD" or "QDOS".  In the latter case, ExtraID will
          be present.  Its first three bytes are "02\0"; the last byte is
          currently undefined.

          QDirect contains the file's uncompressed directory info (qdirect
          struct).  Its elements are in native (big-endian) format:

          d_length      beLong          file length
          d_access      byte            file access type
          d_type        byte            file type
          d_datalen     beLong          data length
          d_reserved    beLong          unused
          d_szname      beShort         size of filename
          d_name        36 bytes        filename
          d_update      beLong          time of last update
          d_refdate     beLong          file version number
          d_backup      beLong          time of last backup (archive date)


         -AOS/VS Extra Field:
          ==================

          The following is the layout of the extra block for Data General
          AOS/VS.  The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19961125)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (AOSVS) 0x5356        Short       tag for this extra block type ("VS")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          "FCI\0"       Long        extra-field signature
          Version       Byte        version of AOS/VS extra block (10 = 1.0)
          Fstat         variable    fstat packet
          AclBuf        variable    raw ACL data ($MXACL bytes)

          Fstat contains the file's uncompressed fstat packet, which is one of
          the following:

                normal fstat packet             (P_FSTAT struct)
                DIR/CPD fstat packet            (P_FSTAT_DIR struct)
                unit (device) fstat packet      (P_FSTAT_UNIT struct)
                IPC file fstat packet           (P_FSTAT_IPC struct)

          AclBuf contains the raw ACL data; its length is $MXACL.


         -Tandem NSK Extra Field:
          ======================

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          Tandem NSK.  The local-header and central-header versions are
          identical.  (Last Revision 19981221)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (TA)    0x4154        Short       tag for this extra block type ("TA")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (20)
          NSKattrs      20 Bytes    NSK attributes


         -THEOS Extra Field:
          =================

          The following is the layout of the file-attributes extra block for
          Theos.  The local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19990206)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (Theos) 0x6854        Short       'Th' signature
          size          Short       size of extra block
          flags         Byte        reserved for future use
          filesize      Long        file size
          fileorg       Byte        type of file (see below)
          keylen        Short       key length for indexed and keyed files,
                                    data segment size for 16 bits programs
          reclen        Short       record length for indexed,keyed and direct,
                                    text segment size for 16 bits programs
          filegrow      Byte        growing factor for indexed,keyed and direct
          protect       Byte        protections (see below)
          reserved      Short       reserved for future use

            File types
            ==========

            0x80  library (keyed access list of files)
            0x40  directory
            0x10  stream file
            0x08  direct file
            0x04  keyed file
            0x02  indexed file
            0x0e  reserved
            0x01  16 bits real mode program (obsolete)
            0x21  16 bits protected mode program
            0x41  32 bits protected mode program

            Protection codes
            ================

            User protection
            ---------------
            0x01  non readable
            0x02  non writable
            0x04  non executable
            0x08  non erasable

            Other protection
            ----------------
            0x10  non readable
            0x20  non writable
            0x40  non executable Theos before 4.0
            0x40  modified Theos 4.x
            0x80  not hidden


         -THEOS old inofficial Extra Field:
          ================================

          The following is the layout of an inoffical former version of a
          Theos file-attributes extra blocks.  This layout was never published
          and is no longer created. However, UnZip can optionally support it
          when compiling with the option flag OLD_THEOS_EXTRA defined.
          Both the local-header and central-header versions are identical.
          (Last Revision 19990206)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (THS0)  0x4854        Short       'TH' signature
          size          Short       size of extra block
          flags         Short       reserved for future use
          filesize      Long        file size
          reclen        Short       record length for indexed,keyed and direct,
                                    text segment size for 16 bits programs
          keylen        Short       key length for indexed and keyed files,
                                    data segment size for 16 bits programs
          filegrow      Byte        growing factor for indexed,keyed and direct
          reserved      3 Bytes     reserved for future use


         -FWKCS MD5 Extra Field:
          =====================

          The FWKCS Contents_Signature System, used in automatically
          identifying files independent of filename, optionally adds
          and uses an extra field to support the rapid creation of
          an enhanced contents_signature.
          There is no local-header version; the following applies
          only to the central header.  (Last Revision 19961207)

          Central-header version:

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (MD5)   0x4b46        Short       tag for this extra block type ("FK")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block (19)
          "MD5"         3 bytes     extra-field signature
          MD5hash       16 bytes    128-bit MD5 hash of uncompressed data
                                    (low byte first)

          When FWKCS revises a .ZIP file central directory to add
          this extra field for a file, it also replaces the
          central directory entry for that file's uncompressed
          file length with a measured value.

          FWKCS provides an option to strip this extra field, if
          present, from a .ZIP file central directory. In adding
          this extra field, FWKCS preserves .ZIP file Authenticity
          Verification; if stripping this extra field, FWKCS
          preserves all versions of AV through PKZIP version 2.04g.

          FWKCS, and FWKCS Contents_Signature System, are
          trademarks of Frederick W. Kantor.

          (1) R. Rivest, RFC1321.TXT, MIT Laboratory for Computer
              Science and RSA Data Security, Inc., April 1992.
              ll.76-77: "The MD5 algorithm is being placed in the
              public domain for review and possible adoption as a
              standard."


         -Info-ZIP Unicode Path Extra Field:
          =================================

          Stores the UTF-8 version of the entry path as stored in the
          local header and central directory header.
          (Last Revision 20070912)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (UPath) 0x7075        Short       tag for this extra block type ("up")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          Version       1 byte      version of this extra field, currently 1
          NameCRC32     4 bytes     File Name Field CRC32 Checksum
          UnicodeName   Variable    UTF-8 version of the entry File Name

          Currently Version is set to the number 1.  If there is a need
          to change this field, the version will be incremented.  Changes
          may not be backward compatible so this extra field should not be
          used if the version is not recognized.

          The NameCRC32 is the standard zip CRC32 checksum of the File Name
          field in the header.  This is used to verify that the header
          File Name field has not changed since the Unicode Path extra field
          was created.  This can happen if a utility renames the entry but
          does not update the UTF-8 path extra field.  If the CRC check fails,
          this UTF-8 Path Extra Field should be ignored and the File Name field
          in the header used instead.

          The UnicodeName is the UTF-8 version of the contents of the File Name
          field in the header.  As UnicodeName is defined to be UTF-8, no UTF-8
          byte order mark (BOM) is used.  The length of this field is determined
          by subtracting the size of the previous fields from TSize.  If both
          the File Name and Comment fields are UTF-8, the new General Purpose
          Bit Flag, bit 11 (Language encoding flag (EFS)), can be used to
          indicate that both the header File Name and Comment fields are UTF-8
          and, in this case, the Unicode Path and Unicode Comment extra fields
          are not needed and should not be created.  Note that, for backward
          compatibility, bit 11 should only be used if the native character set
          of the paths and comments being zipped up are already in UTF-8.  The
          same method, either bit 11 or extra fields, should be used in both
          the local and central directory headers.


         -Info-ZIP Unicode Comment Extra Field:
          ====================================

          Stores the UTF-8 version of the entry comment as stored in the
          central directory header.
          (Last Revision 20070912)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
   (UCom) 0x6375        Short       tag for this extra block type ("uc")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          Version       1 byte      version of this extra field, currently 1
          ComCRC32      4 bytes     Comment Field CRC32 Checksum
          UnicodeCom    Variable    UTF-8 version of the entry comment

          Currently Version is set to the number 1.  If there is a need
          to change this field, the version will be incremented.  Changes
          may not be backward compatible so this extra field should not be
          used if the version is not recognized.

          The ComCRC32 is the standard zip CRC32 checksum of the Comment
          field in the central directory header.  This is used to verify that
          the comment field has not changed since the Unicode Comment extra field
          was created.  This can happen if a utility changes the Comment field
          but does not update the UTF-8 Comment extra field.  If the CRC check
          fails, this Unicode Comment extra field should be ignored and the
          Comment field in the header used.

          The UnicodeCom field is the UTF-8 version of the entry comment field
          in the header.  As UnicodeCom is defined to be UTF-8, no UTF-8 byte
          order mark (BOM) is used.  The length of this field is determined by
          subtracting the size of the previous fields from TSize.  If both the
          File Name and Comment fields are UTF-8, the new General Purpose Bit
          Flag, bit 11 (Language encoding flag (EFS)), can be used to indicate
          both the header File Name and Comment fields are UTF-8 and, in this
          case, the Unicode Path and Unicode Comment extra fields are not
          needed and should not be created.  Note that, for backward
          compatibility, bit 11 should only be used if the native character set
          of the paths and comments being zipped up are already in UTF-8.  The
          same method, either bit 11 or extra fields, should be used in both
          the local and central directory headers.


         -Info-ZIP New Unix Extra Field:
          ====================================

          Currently stores Unix UIDs/GIDs up to 32 bits.
          (Last Revision 20080509)

          Value         Size        Description
          -----         ----        -----------
  (UnixN) 0x7875        Short       tag for this extra block type ("ux")
          TSize         Short       total data size for this block
          Version       1 byte      version of this extra field, currently 1
          UIDSize       1 byte      Size of UID field
          UID           Variable    UID for this entry
          GIDSize       1 byte      Size of GID field
          GID           Variable    GID for this entry

          Currently Version is set to the number 1.  If there is a need
          to change this field, the version will be incremented.  Changes
          may not be backward compatible so this extra field should not be
          used if the version is not recognized.

          UIDSize is the size of the UID field in bytes.  This size should
          match the size of the UID field on the target OS.

          UID is the UID for this entry in standard little endian format.

          GIDSize is the size of the GID field in bytes.  This size should
          match the size of the GID field on the target OS.

          GID is the GID for this entry in standard little endian format.

          If both the old 16-bit Unix extra field (tag 0x7855, Info-ZIP Unix)
          and this extra field are present, the values in this extra field
          supercede the values in that extra field.