Add ERR_put_func_error, and use it.

Change SYSerr to have the function name; remove SYS_F_xxx defines
Add a test and documentation.
Use get_last_socket_err, which removes some ifdef's in OpenSSL code.

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9072)