=pod

=head1 NAME

OPENSSL_malloc_init,
OPENSSL_malloc, OPENSSL_zalloc, OPENSSL_realloc, OPENSSL_free,
OPENSSL_clear_realloc, OPENSSL_clear_free, OPENSSL_cleanse
CRYPTO_malloc, CRYPTO_zalloc, CRYPTO_realloc, CRYPTO_free,
OPENSSL_strdup, OPENSSL_strndup,
OPENSSL_memdup, OPENSSL_strlcpy, OPENSSL_strlcat,
CRYPTO_clear_realloc, CRYPTO_clear_free,
CRYPTO_get_mem_functions, CRYPTO_set_mem_functions,
CRYPTO_set_mem_debug, CRYPTO_mem_ctrl,
OPENSSL_mem_debug_push, OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop,
CRYPTO_mem_debug_push, CRYPTO_mem_debug_pop,
CRYPTO_mem_leaks, CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp - Memory allocation functions

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 #include <openssl/crypto.h>

 int OPENSSL_malloc_init(void)

 void *OPENSSL_malloc(size_t num)
 void *OPENSSL_zalloc(size_t num)
 void *OPENSSL_realloc(void *addr, size_t num)
 void OPENSSL_free(void *addr)
 char *OPENSSL_strdup(const char *str)
 char *OPENSSL_strndup(const char *str, size_t s)
 void *OPENSSL_clear_realloc(void *p, size_t old_len, size_t num)
 void OPENSSL_clear_free(void *str, size_t num)
 void OPENSSL_cleanse(void *ptr, size_t len);

 void *CRYPTO_malloc(size_t num, const char *file, int line)
 void *CRYPTO_zalloc(size_t num, const char *file, int line)
 void *CRYPTO_realloc(void *p, size_t num, const char *file, int line)
 void CRYPTO_free(void *str, const char *, int)
 char *CRYPTO_strdup(const char *p, const char *file, int line)
 char *CRYPTO_strndup(const char *p, size_t num, const char *file, int line)
 void *CRYPTO_clear_realloc(void *p, size_t old_len, size_t num, const char *file, int line)
 void CRYPTO_clear_free(void *str, size_t num, const char *, int)

 void CRYPTO_get_mem_functions(
         void *(**m)(size_t, const char *, int),
         void *(**r)(void *, size_t, const char *, int),
         void (**f)(void *, const char *, int))
 int CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(
         void *(*m)(size_t, const char *, int),
         void *(*r)(void *, size_t, const char *, int),
         void (*f)(void *, const char *, int))

 int CRYPTO_set_mem_debug(int onoff)

 #define CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_OFF
 #define CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON
 #define CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_DISABLE
 #define CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ENABLE

 int CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(int mode);

 int OPENSSL_mem_debug_push(const char *info)
 int OPENSLS_mem_debug_pop)(void)

 int CRYPTO_mem_debug_push(const char *info, const char *file, int line);

 void CRYPTO_mem_leaks(BIO *b);
 void CRYPTO_mem_leaks(FILE *fp);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

OpenSSL memory allocation is handled by the B<OPENSSL_xxx> API. These are
generally macro's that add the standard C B<__FILE__> and B<__LINE__>
parameters and call a lower-level B<CRYPTO_xxx> API.
Some functions do not add those parameters, but exist for consistency.

OPENSSL_malloc_init() sets the lower-level memory allocation functions
to their default implementation.
It is generally not necessary to call this, except perhaps in certain
shared-library situations.

OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_realloc(), and OPENSSL_free() are like the
C malloc(), realloc(), and free() functions.
OPENSSL_zalloc() calls memset() to zero the memory before returning.

OPENSSL_clear_realloc() and OPENSSL_clear_free() should be used
when the buffer at B<addr> holds sensitive information.
The old buffer is filled with zero's by calling OPENSSL_cleanse()
before ultimately calling OPENSSL_free().

OPENSSL_cleanse() fills B<ptr> of size B<len> with a string of 0's.
Use OPENSSL_cleanse() with care if the memory is a mapping of a file.
If the storage controller uses write compression, then its possible 
that sensitive tail bytes will survive zeroization because the block of 
zeros will be compressed. If the storage controller uses wear leveling, 
then the old sensitive data will not be overwritten; rather, a block of 
0's will be written at a new physical location.

OPENSSL_strdup(), OPENSSL_strndup() and OPENSSL_memdup() are like the
equivalent C functions, except that memory is allocated by calling the
OPENSSL_malloc() and should be releaed by calling OPENSSL_free().

OPENSSL_strlcpy(),
OPENSSL_strlcat() and OPENSSL_strnlen() are equivalents of the common C
library functions and are provided for portability.

If no allocations have been done, it is possible to "swap out" the default
implementations for OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_realloc and OPENSSL_free()
and replace them with alternate versions (hooks).
CRYPTO_get_mem_functions() function fills in the given arguments with the
function pointers for the current implementations.
With CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(), you can specify a different set of functions.
If any of B<m>, B<r>, or B<f> are NULL, then the function is not changed.

The default implementation can include some debugging capability (if enabled
at build-time).
This adds some overhead by keeping a list of all memory allocations, and
removes items from the list when they are free'd.
This is most useful for identifying memory leaks.
CRYPTO_set_mem_debug() turns this tracking on and off.  It is normally
called at startup, but can be called at any time.

CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() provides fine-grained control of memory leak tracking.
To enable tracking call CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() with a B<mode> argument of
the B<CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON>.
To disable tracking call CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() with a B<mode> argument of
the B<CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_OFF>.
The B<CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_DISABLE> and B<CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ENABLE> modes
are used internally within OpenSSL to temporarily suspend and resume
tracking.

While checking memory, it can be useful to store additional context
about what is being done.
For example, identifying the field names when parsing a complicated
data structure.
OPENSSL_mem_debug_push() (which calls CRYPTO_mem_debug_push())
attachs an identifying string to the allocation stack.
This must be a global or other static string; it is not copied.
OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop() removes identifying state from the stack.

At the end of the program, calling CRYPTO_mem_leaks() or
CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp() will report all "leaked" memory, writing it
to the specified BIO B<b> or FILE B<fp>. These functions return 1 if
there are no leaks, 0 if there are leaks and -1 if an error occurred.

=head1 RETURN VALUES

OPENSSL_malloc_init(), OPENSSL_free(), OPENSSL_clear_free()
CRYPTO_free(), CRYPTO_clear_free() and CRYPTO_get_mem_functions()
return no value.

CRYPTO_mem_leaks() and CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp() return 1 if there
are no leaks, 0 if there are leaks and -1 if an error occurred.

OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_zalloc(), OPENSSL_realloc(),
OPENSSL_clear_realloc(),
CRYPTO_malloc(), CRYPTO_zalloc(), CRYPTO_realloc(),
CRYPTO_clear_realloc(),
OPENSSL_strdup(), and OPENSSL_strndup()
return a pointer to allocated memory or NULL on error.

CRYPTO_set_mem_functions() and CRYPTO_set_mem_debug()
return 1 on success or 0 on failure (almost
always because allocations have already happened).

CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() returns the previous value of the mode.

OPENSSL_mem_debug_push() and OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop()
return 1 on success or 0 on failure.

=head1 NOTES

While it's permitted to swap out only a few and not all the functions
with CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(), it's recommended to swap them all out
at once.  I<This applies specially if OpenSSL was built with the
configuration option> C<crypto-mdebug> I<enabled.  In case, swapping out
only, say, the malloc() implementation is outright dangerous.>

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