perfetto: switch to C++17 with temporary C++11 opt-out

* make all targets build with C++17
* make it an error to compile with C++11 without defining an opt-out
  flag. The error makes it clear that any objections need to be
  discussed very soon
* Keep the debug CI bot compiling with C++11 to prevent accidental
  use of C++14/17 features in the transition period

Bug: b/257064316
Change-Id: I32c227944f9d65a110d4f613b1ea17a823567822
diff --git a/src/trace_processor/containers/string_pool.cc b/src/trace_processor/containers/string_pool.cc
index 0189054..0ca5d0b 100644
--- a/src/trace_processor/containers/string_pool.cc
+++ b/src/trace_processor/containers/string_pool.cc
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 namespace perfetto {
 namespace trace_processor {
 
+#if !PERFETTO_IS_AT_LEAST_CPP17()
 // static
 constexpr size_t StringPool::kNumBlockIndexBits;
 // static
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 constexpr size_t StringPool::kBlockSizeBytes;
 // static
 constexpr size_t StringPool::kMinLargeStringSizeBytes;
+#endif
 
 StringPool::StringPool() {
   static_assert(