Separated C++ wrappers into separate files in a backward-compatible way. (#265)

This makes both the C (.h) and C++ (.hpp) files read nicer
and keeps the core of upb C-only.

Existing users of the C++ wrappers will have to add manual
#includes of the .hpp files.
diff --git a/upb/def.hpp b/upb/def.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62d06bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/upb/def.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+
+#ifndef UPB_DEF_HPP_
+#define UPB_DEF_HPP_
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "upb/def.h"
+#include "upb/upb.hpp"
+
+namespace upb {
+
+class EnumDefPtr;
+class MessageDefPtr;
+class OneofDefPtr;
+
+// A upb::FieldDefPtr describes a single field in a message.  It is most often
+// found as a part of a upb_msgdef, but can also stand alone to represent
+// an extension.
+class FieldDefPtr {
+ public:
+  FieldDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit FieldDefPtr(const upb_fielddef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_fielddef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  typedef upb_fieldtype_t Type;
+  typedef upb_label_t Label;
+  typedef upb_descriptortype_t DescriptorType;
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_fielddef_fullname(ptr_); }
+
+  Type type() const { return upb_fielddef_type(ptr_); }
+  Label label() const { return upb_fielddef_label(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_fielddef_name(ptr_); }
+  const char* json_name() const { return upb_fielddef_jsonname(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t number() const { return upb_fielddef_number(ptr_); }
+  bool is_extension() const { return upb_fielddef_isextension(ptr_); }
+
+  // For UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields only where is_tag_delimited() == false,
+  // indicates whether this field should have lazy parsing handlers that yield
+  // the unparsed string for the submessage.
+  //
+  // TODO(haberman): I think we want to move this into a FieldOptions container
+  // when we add support for custom options (the FieldOptions struct will
+  // contain both regular FieldOptions like "lazy" *and* custom options).
+  bool lazy() const { return upb_fielddef_lazy(ptr_); }
+
+  // For non-string, non-submessage fields, this indicates whether binary
+  // protobufs are encoded in packed or non-packed format.
+  //
+  // TODO(haberman): see note above about putting options like this into a
+  // FieldOptions container.
+  bool packed() const { return upb_fielddef_packed(ptr_); }
+
+  // An integer that can be used as an index into an array of fields for
+  // whatever message this field belongs to.  Guaranteed to be less than
+  // f->containing_type()->field_count().  May only be accessed once the def has
+  // been finalized.
+  uint32_t index() const { return upb_fielddef_index(ptr_); }
+
+  // The MessageDef to which this field belongs.
+  //
+  // If this field has been added to a MessageDef, that message can be retrieved
+  // directly (this is always the case for frozen FieldDefs).
+  //
+  // If the field has not yet been added to a MessageDef, you can set the name
+  // of the containing type symbolically instead.  This is mostly useful for
+  // extensions, where the extension is declared separately from the message.
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  // The OneofDef to which this field belongs, or NULL if this field is not part
+  // of a oneof.
+  OneofDefPtr containing_oneof() const;
+
+  // The field's type according to the enum in descriptor.proto.  This is not
+  // the same as UPB_TYPE_*, because it distinguishes between (for example)
+  // INT32 and SINT32, whereas our "type" enum does not.  This return of
+  // descriptor_type() is a function of type(), integer_format(), and
+  // is_tag_delimited().
+  DescriptorType descriptor_type() const {
+    return upb_fielddef_descriptortype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  // Convenient field type tests.
+  bool IsSubMessage() const { return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(ptr_); }
+  bool IsString() const { return upb_fielddef_isstring(ptr_); }
+  bool IsSequence() const { return upb_fielddef_isseq(ptr_); }
+  bool IsPrimitive() const { return upb_fielddef_isprimitive(ptr_); }
+  bool IsMap() const { return upb_fielddef_ismap(ptr_); }
+
+  // Returns the non-string default value for this fielddef, which may either
+  // be something the client set explicitly or the "default default" (0 for
+  // numbers, empty for strings).  The field's type indicates the type of the
+  // returned value, except for enum fields that are still mutable.
+  //
+  // Requires that the given function matches the field's current type.
+  int64_t default_int64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint64(ptr_); }
+  int32_t default_int32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint32(ptr_); }
+  uint64_t default_uint64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t default_uint32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(ptr_); }
+  bool default_bool() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultbool(ptr_); }
+  float default_float() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(ptr_); }
+  double default_double() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(ptr_); }
+
+  // The resulting string is always NULL-terminated.  If non-NULL, the length
+  // will be stored in *len.
+  const char* default_string(size_t* len) const {
+    return upb_fielddef_defaultstr(ptr_, len);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the enum or submessage def for this field, if any.  The field's
+  // type must match (ie. you may only call enum_subdef() for fields where
+  // type() == UPB_TYPE_ENUM).
+  EnumDefPtr enum_subdef() const;
+  MessageDefPtr message_subdef() const;
+
+ private:
+  const upb_fielddef* ptr_;
+};
+
+// Class that represents a oneof.
+class OneofDefPtr {
+ public:
+  OneofDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit OneofDefPtr(const upb_oneofdef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_oneofdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  // Returns the MessageDef that owns this OneofDef.
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  // Returns the name of this oneof. This is the name used to look up the oneof
+  // by name once added to a message def.
+  const char* name() const { return upb_oneofdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  // Returns the number of fields currently defined in the oneof.
+  int field_count() const { return upb_oneofdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  // Looks up by name.
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  // Looks up by tag number.
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t num) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_itof(ptr_, num));
+  }
+
+  class const_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneof_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class OneofDefPtr;
+
+    const_iterator() {}
+    explicit const_iterator(OneofDefPtr o) { upb_oneof_begin(&iter_, o.ptr()); }
+    static const_iterator end() {
+      const_iterator iter;
+      upb_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(*this); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator::end(); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_oneofdef* ptr_;
+};
+
+// Structure that describes a single .proto message type.
+class MessageDefPtr {
+ public:
+  MessageDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit MessageDefPtr(const upb_msgdef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_msgdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_msgdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_msgdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  // The number of fields that belong to the MessageDef.
+  int field_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  // The number of oneofs that belong to the MessageDef.
+  int oneof_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numoneofs(ptr_); }
+
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_msgdef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  // These return null pointers if the field is not found.
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t number) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_itof(ptr_, number));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntoo(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char* name) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntooz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindOneofByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  // Is this message a map entry?
+  bool mapentry() const { return upb_msgdef_mapentry(ptr_); }
+
+  // Return the type of well known type message. UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED for
+  // non-well-known message.
+  upb_wellknowntype_t wellknowntype() const {
+    return upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  // Whether is a number wrapper.
+  bool isnumberwrapper() const { return upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(ptr_); }
+
+  // Iteration over fields.  The order is undefined.
+  class const_field_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_field_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_field_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_field_iterator& other) const {
+      return upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_field_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_field_iterator end() {
+      const_field_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_field_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  // Iteration over oneofs. The order is undefined.
+  class const_oneof_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, OneofDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    OneofDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return OneofDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_oneof(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_oneof_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_oneof_iterator& other) const {
+      return upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    const_oneof_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_oneof_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_oneof_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_oneof_iterator end() {
+      const_oneof_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstFieldAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstFieldAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_field_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_begin(); }
+    const_field_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_end(); }
+
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstOneofAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstOneofAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_oneof_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_begin(); }
+    const_oneof_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_end(); }
+
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  const_field_iterator field_begin() const {
+    return const_field_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_field_iterator field_end() const { return const_field_iterator::end(); }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_begin() const {
+    return const_oneof_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_end() const { return const_oneof_iterator::end(); }
+
+  ConstFieldAccessor fields() const { return ConstFieldAccessor(ptr()); }
+  ConstOneofAccessor oneofs() const { return ConstOneofAccessor(ptr()); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_msgdef* ptr_;
+};
+
+class EnumDefPtr {
+ public:
+  EnumDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit EnumDefPtr(const upb_enumdef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_enumdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_enumdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_enumdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  // The value that is used as the default when no field default is specified.
+  // If not set explicitly, the first value that was added will be used.
+  // The default value must be a member of the enum.
+  // Requires that value_count() > 0.
+  int32_t default_value() const { return upb_enumdef_default(ptr_); }
+
+  // Returns the number of values currently defined in the enum.  Note that
+  // multiple names can refer to the same number, so this may be greater than
+  // the total number of unique numbers.
+  int value_count() const { return upb_enumdef_numvals(ptr_); }
+
+  // Lookups from name to integer, returning true if found.
+  bool FindValueByName(const char* name, int32_t* num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_ntoiz(ptr_, name, num);
+  }
+
+  // Finds the name corresponding to the given number, or NULL if none was
+  // found.  If more than one name corresponds to this number, returns the
+  // first one that was added.
+  const char* FindValueByNumber(int32_t num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_iton(ptr_, num);
+  }
+
+  // Iteration over name/value pairs.  The order is undefined.
+  // Adding an enum val invalidates any iterators.
+  //
+  // TODO: make compatible with range-for, with elements as pairs?
+  class Iterator {
+   public:
+    explicit Iterator(EnumDefPtr e) { upb_enum_begin(&iter_, e.ptr()); }
+
+    int32_t number() { return upb_enum_iter_number(&iter_); }
+    const char* name() { return upb_enum_iter_name(&iter_); }
+    bool Done() { return upb_enum_done(&iter_); }
+    void Next() { return upb_enum_next(&iter_); }
+
+   private:
+    upb_enum_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const upb_enumdef* ptr_;
+};
+
+// Class that represents a .proto file with some things defined in it.
+//
+// Many users won't care about FileDefs, but they are necessary if you want to
+// read the values of file-level options.
+class FileDefPtr {
+ public:
+  explicit FileDefPtr(const upb_filedef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_filedef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  // Get/set name of the file (eg. "foo/bar.proto").
+  const char* name() const { return upb_filedef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  // Package name for definitions inside the file (eg. "foo.bar").
+  const char* package() const { return upb_filedef_package(ptr_); }
+
+  // Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+  // from this .proto. Default is empty.
+  const char* phpprefix() const { return upb_filedef_phpprefix(ptr_); }
+
+  // Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+  // is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+  // determining the namespace.
+  const char* phpnamespace() const { return upb_filedef_phpnamespace(ptr_); }
+
+  // Syntax for the file.  Defaults to proto2.
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_filedef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  // Get the list of dependencies from the file.  These are returned in the
+  // order that they were added to the FileDefPtr.
+  int dependency_count() const { return upb_filedef_depcount(ptr_); }
+  const FileDefPtr dependency(int index) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_filedef_dep(ptr_, index));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_filedef* ptr_;
+};
+
+// Non-const methods in upb::SymbolTable are NOT thread-safe.
+class SymbolTable {
+ public:
+  SymbolTable() : ptr_(upb_symtab_new(), upb_symtab_free) {}
+  explicit SymbolTable(upb_symtab* s) : ptr_(s, upb_symtab_free) {}
+
+  const upb_symtab* ptr() const { return ptr_.get(); }
+  upb_symtab* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  // Finds an entry in the symbol table with this exact name.  If not found,
+  // returns NULL.
+  MessageDefPtr LookupMessage(const char* sym) const {
+    return MessageDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupmsg(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  EnumDefPtr LookupEnum(const char* sym) const {
+    return EnumDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupenum(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  FileDefPtr LookupFile(const char* name) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupfile(ptr_.get(), name));
+  }
+
+  // TODO: iteration?
+
+  // Adds the given serialized FileDescriptorProto to the pool.
+  FileDefPtr AddFile(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto,
+                     Status* status) {
+    return FileDefPtr(
+        upb_symtab_addfile(ptr_.get(), file_proto, status->ptr()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_symtab, decltype(&upb_symtab_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+inline MessageDefPtr FieldDefPtr::message_subdef() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline MessageDefPtr FieldDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline MessageDefPtr OneofDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline OneofDefPtr FieldDefPtr::containing_oneof() const {
+  return OneofDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingoneof(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline EnumDefPtr FieldDefPtr::enum_subdef() const {
+  return EnumDefPtr(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+}  // namespace upb
+
+#endif  // UPB_DEF_HPP_