diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
index 3209b34..2eba123 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
     def __new__(cls, name, full_name, filename, containing_type, fields,
                 nested_types, enum_types, extensions, options=None,
                 is_extendable=True, extension_ranges=None, oneofs=None,
-                file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,
+                file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
                 syntax=None):
       _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
       return _message.default_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(full_name)
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@
   def __init__(self, name, full_name, filename, containing_type, fields,
                nested_types, enum_types, extensions, options=None,
                is_extendable=True, extension_ranges=None, oneofs=None,
-               file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,
-               syntax=None):  # pylint:disable=redefined-builtin
+               file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+               syntax=None):
     """Arguments to __init__() are as described in the description
     of Descriptor fields above.
 
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
     self.type = type
 
 
-class OneofDescriptor(object):
+class OneofDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
   """Descriptor for a oneof field.
 
     name: (str) Name of the oneof field.
@@ -682,12 +682,15 @@
   if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
     _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.OneofDescriptor
 
-    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields):
+    def __new__(
+        cls, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields, options=None):
       _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
       return _message.default_pool.FindOneofByName(full_name)
 
-  def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields):
+  def __init__(
+      self, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields, options=None):
     """Arguments are as described in the attribute description above."""
+    super(OneofDescriptor, self).__init__(options, 'OneofOptions')
     self.name = name
     self.full_name = full_name
     self.index = index
@@ -705,11 +708,22 @@
       definition appears withing the .proto file.
     methods: (list of MethodDescriptor) List of methods provided by this
       service.
+    methods_by_name: (dict str -> MethodDescriptor) Same MethodDescriptor
+      objects as in |methods_by_name|, but indexed by "name" attribute in each
+      MethodDescriptor.
     options: (descriptor_pb2.ServiceOptions) Service options message or
       None to use default service options.
     file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file info.
   """
 
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.ServiceDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, methods, options=None, file=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return _message.default_pool.FindServiceByName(full_name)
+
   def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, methods, options=None, file=None,
                serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
     super(ServiceDescriptor, self).__init__(
@@ -718,16 +732,14 @@
         serialized_end=serialized_end)
     self.index = index
     self.methods = methods
+    self.methods_by_name = dict((m.name, m) for m in methods)
     # Set the containing service for each method in this service.
     for method in self.methods:
       method.containing_service = self
 
   def FindMethodByName(self, name):
     """Searches for the specified method, and returns its descriptor."""
-    for method in self.methods:
-      if name == method.name:
-        return method
-    return None
+    return self.methods_by_name.get(name, None)
 
   def CopyToProto(self, proto):
     """Copies this to a descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto.
@@ -754,6 +766,14 @@
     None to use default method options.
   """
 
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.MethodDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, containing_service,
+                input_type, output_type, options=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return _message.default_pool.FindMethodByName(full_name)
+
   def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, containing_service,
                input_type, output_type, options=None):
     """The arguments are as described in the description of MethodDescriptor
@@ -788,6 +808,7 @@
   message_types_by_name: Dict of message names of their descriptors.
   enum_types_by_name: Dict of enum names and their descriptors.
   extensions_by_name: Dict of extension names and their descriptors.
+  services_by_name: Dict of services names and their descriptors.
   pool: the DescriptorPool this descriptor belongs to.  When not passed to the
     constructor, the global default pool is used.
   """
@@ -825,6 +846,7 @@
 
     self.enum_types_by_name = {}
     self.extensions_by_name = {}
+    self.services_by_name = {}
     self.dependencies = (dependencies or [])
     self.public_dependencies = (public_dependencies or [])
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
index 20a3370..5c055ab 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
@@ -394,6 +394,11 @@
               desc_proto_prefix, desc_proto.name, scope)
           file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[desc_proto.name] = desc
 
+        for index, service_proto in enumerate(file_proto.service):
+          file_descriptor.services_by_name[service_proto.name] = (
+              self._MakeServiceDescriptor(service_proto, index, scope,
+                                          file_proto.package, file_descriptor))
+
       self.Add(file_proto)
       self._file_descriptors[file_proto.name] = file_descriptor
 
@@ -441,7 +446,7 @@
         for index, extension in enumerate(desc_proto.extension)]
     oneofs = [
         descriptor.OneofDescriptor(desc.name, '.'.join((desc_name, desc.name)),
-                                   index, None, [])
+                                   index, None, [], desc.options)
         for index, desc in enumerate(desc_proto.oneof_decl)]
     extension_ranges = [(r.start, r.end) for r in desc_proto.extension_range]
     if extension_ranges:
@@ -679,6 +684,64 @@
         options=value_proto.options,
         type=None)
 
+  def _MakeServiceDescriptor(self, service_proto, service_index, scope,
+                             package, file_desc):
+    """Make a protobuf ServiceDescriptor given a ServiceDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      service_proto: The descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto protobuf message.
+      service_index: The index of the service in the File.
+      scope: Dict mapping short and full symbols to message and enum types.
+      package: Optional package name for the new message EnumDescriptor.
+      file_desc: The file containing the service descriptor.
+
+    Returns:
+      The added descriptor.
+    """
+
+    if package:
+      service_name = '.'.join((package, service_proto.name))
+    else:
+      service_name = service_proto.name
+
+    methods = [self._MakeMethodDescriptor(method_proto, service_name, package,
+                                          scope, index)
+               for index, method_proto in enumerate(service_proto.method)]
+    desc = descriptor.ServiceDescriptor(name=service_proto.name,
+                                        full_name=service_name,
+                                        index=service_index,
+                                        methods=methods,
+                                        options=service_proto.options,
+                                        file=file_desc)
+    return desc
+
+  def _MakeMethodDescriptor(self, method_proto, service_name, package, scope,
+                            index):
+    """Creates a method descriptor from a MethodDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      method_proto: The proto describing the method.
+      service_name: The name of the containing service.
+      package: Optional package name to look up for types.
+      scope: Scope containing available types.
+      index: Index of the method in the service.
+
+    Returns:
+      An initialized MethodDescriptor object.
+    """
+    full_name = '.'.join((service_name, method_proto.name))
+    input_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+        package, method_proto.input_type, scope)
+    output_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+        package, method_proto.output_type, scope)
+    return descriptor.MethodDescriptor(name=method_proto.name,
+                                       full_name=full_name,
+                                       index=index,
+                                       containing_service=None,
+                                       input_type=input_type,
+                                       output_type=output_type,
+                                       options=method_proto.options)
+
   def _ExtractSymbols(self, descriptors):
     """Pulls out all the symbols from descriptor protos.
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
index 97cdd84..ce46d08 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
@@ -594,7 +594,11 @@
 
   def MergeFrom(self, other):
     for key in other:
-      self[key].MergeFrom(other[key])
+      # According to documentation: "When parsing from the wire or when merging,
+      # if there are duplicate map keys the last key seen is used".
+      if key in self:
+        del self[key]
+      self[key].CopyFrom(other[key])
     # self._message_listener.Modified() not required here, because
     # mutations to submessages already propagate.
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
index 6a13e0b..3c8c793 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 from google.protobuf.internal import descriptor_pool_test2_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test1_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test2_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import file_options_test_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
 from google.protobuf import descriptor
 from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
@@ -630,6 +631,23 @@
     self.assertEqual(pool.FindMessageTypeByName('package.Message').name,
                      'Message')
 
+  def testFileDescriptorOptionsWithCustomDescriptorPool(self):
+    # Create a descriptor pool, and add a new FileDescriptorProto to it.
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    file_name = 'file_descriptor_options_with_custom_descriptor_pool.proto'
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(name=file_name)
+    extension_id = file_options_test_pb2.foo_options
+    file_descriptor_proto.options.Extensions[extension_id].foo_name = 'foo'
+    pool.Add(file_descriptor_proto)
+    # The options set on the FileDescriptorProto should be available in the
+    # descriptor even if they contain extensions that cannot be deserialized
+    # using the pool.
+    file_descriptor = pool.FindFileByName(file_name)
+    options = file_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual('foo', options.Extensions[extension_id].foo_name)
+    # The object returned by GetOptions() is cached.
+    self.assertIs(options, file_descriptor.GetOptions())
+
 
 @unittest.skipIf(
     api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp',
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
index b8e7555..623198c 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
@@ -77,27 +77,24 @@
     enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_BAR', number=5)
     enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_BAZ', number=6)
 
+    file_proto.message_type.add(name='ResponseMessage')
+    service_proto = file_proto.service.add(
+        name='Service')
+    method_proto = service_proto.method.add(
+        name='CallMethod',
+        input_type='.protobuf_unittest.NestedMessage',
+        output_type='.protobuf_unittest.ResponseMessage')
+
+    # Note: Calling DescriptorPool.Add() multiple times with the same file only
+    # works if the input is canonical; in particular, all type names must be
+    # fully qualified.
     self.pool = self.GetDescriptorPool()
     self.pool.Add(file_proto)
     self.my_file = self.pool.FindFileByName(file_proto.name)
     self.my_message = self.my_file.message_types_by_name[message_proto.name]
     self.my_enum = self.my_message.enum_types_by_name[enum_proto.name]
-
-    self.my_method = descriptor.MethodDescriptor(
-        name='Bar',
-        full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestService.Bar',
-        index=0,
-        containing_service=None,
-        input_type=None,
-        output_type=None)
-    self.my_service = descriptor.ServiceDescriptor(
-        name='TestServiceWithOptions',
-        full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestServiceWithOptions',
-        file=self.my_file,
-        index=0,
-        methods=[
-            self.my_method
-        ])
+    self.my_service = self.my_file.services_by_name[service_proto.name]
+    self.my_method = self.my_service.methods_by_name[method_proto.name]
 
   def GetDescriptorPool(self):
     return symbol_database.Default().pool
@@ -139,13 +136,14 @@
     file_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
     message_descriptor =\
         unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR
-    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name["field1"]
-    enum_descriptor = message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name["AnEnum"]
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['field1']
+    oneof_descriptor = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name['AnOneof']
+    enum_descriptor = message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name['AnEnum']
     enum_value_descriptor =\
-        message_descriptor.enum_values_by_name["ANENUM_VAL2"]
+        message_descriptor.enum_values_by_name['ANENUM_VAL2']
     service_descriptor =\
         unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestServiceWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR
-    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName("Foo")
+    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName('Foo')
 
     file_options = file_descriptor.GetOptions()
     file_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.file_opt1
@@ -158,6 +156,9 @@
     self.assertEqual(8765432109, field_options.Extensions[field_opt1])
     field_opt2 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt2
     self.assertEqual(42, field_options.Extensions[field_opt2])
+    oneof_options = oneof_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    oneof_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.oneof_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-99, oneof_options.Extensions[oneof_opt1])
     enum_options = enum_descriptor.GetOptions()
     enum_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt1
     self.assertEqual(-789, enum_options.Extensions[enum_opt1])
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto b/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eceeb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+message FooOptions {
+  optional string foo_name = 1;
+}
+
+extend .google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional FooOptions foo_options = 120436268;
+}
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
index 9e32ea4..6df12be 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
@@ -643,6 +643,19 @@
                     'Message type "proto3.TestMessage" has no field named '
                     '"unknownName".')
 
+  def testIgnoreUnknownField(self):
+    text = '{"unknownName": 1}'
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message, ignore_unknown_fields=True)
+    text = ('{\n'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [ {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType",\n'
+            '    "unknownName": 1\n'
+            '  }]\n'
+            '}\n')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestAny()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message, ignore_unknown_fields=True)
+
   def testDuplicateField(self):
     # Duplicate key check is not supported for python2.6
     if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
index 4ee31d8..1e95adf 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
@@ -1435,6 +1435,8 @@
     msg2.map_int32_int32[12] = 55
     msg2.map_int64_int64[88] = 99
     msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 15
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].d = 20
+    old_map_value = msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222]
 
     msg2.MergeFrom(msg)
 
@@ -1444,6 +1446,8 @@
     self.assertEqual(99, msg2.map_int64_int64[88])
     self.assertEqual(5, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c)
     self.assertEqual(10, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c)
+    self.assertFalse(msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].HasField('d'))
+    self.assertEqual(15, old_map_value.c)
 
     # Verify that there is only one entry per key, even though the MergeFrom
     # may have internally created multiple entries for a single key in the
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
index ab2bf05..0e38e0e 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@
 import string
 
 try:
-  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+  import unittest2 as unittest  # PY26, pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
 except ImportError:
-  import unittest
+  import unittest  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
 
 from google.protobuf.internal import _parameterized
 
+from google.protobuf import any_test_pb2
 from google.protobuf import map_unittest_pb2
 from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
 from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
 from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
 from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
 from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
 from google.protobuf import text_format
 
 
@@ -90,13 +92,11 @@
                .replace('e-0','e-').replace('e-0','e-')
     # Floating point fields are printed with .0 suffix even if they are
     # actualy integer numbers.
-    text = re.compile('\.0$', re.MULTILINE).sub('', text)
+    text = re.compile(r'\.0$', re.MULTILINE).sub('', text)
     return text
 
 
-@_parameterized.Parameters(
-    (unittest_pb2),
-    (unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
+@_parameterized.Parameters((unittest_pb2), (unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
 class TextFormatTest(TextFormatBase):
 
   def testPrintExotic(self, message_module):
@@ -120,8 +120,10 @@
         'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n')
 
   def testPrintExoticUnicodeSubclass(self, message_module):
+
     class UnicodeSub(six.text_type):
       pass
+
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     message.repeated_string.append(UnicodeSub(u'\u00fc\ua71f'))
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
@@ -165,8 +167,8 @@
     message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
     message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
-        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(
-            text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True)),
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True)),
         'repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808'
         ' repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615'
         ' repeated_double: 123.456'
@@ -187,21 +189,23 @@
     message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
 
     # Test as_utf8 = False.
-    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(
-        message, as_one_line=True, as_utf8=False)
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                            as_one_line=True,
+                                            as_utf8=False)
     parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     r = text_format.Parse(wire_text, parsed_message)
     self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
     self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
 
     # Test as_utf8 = True.
-    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(
-        message, as_one_line=True, as_utf8=True)
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                            as_one_line=True,
+                                            as_utf8=True)
     parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     r = text_format.Parse(wire_text, parsed_message)
     self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
     self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message,
-                      '\n%s != %s' % (message, parsed_message))
+                     '\n%s != %s' % (message, parsed_message))
 
   def testPrintRawUtf8String(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
@@ -211,7 +215,7 @@
     parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
     self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message,
-                      '\n%s != %s' % (message, parsed_message))
+                     '\n%s != %s' % (message, parsed_message))
 
   def testPrintFloatFormat(self, message_module):
     # Check that float_format argument is passed to sub-message formatting.
@@ -232,14 +236,15 @@
     message.payload.repeated_double.append(.000078900)
     formatted_fields = ['optional_float: 1.25',
                         'optional_double: -3.45678901234568e-6',
-                        'repeated_float: -5642',
-                        'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
+                        'repeated_float: -5642', 'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
     text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message, float_format='.15g')
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
         self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
-        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(*formatted_fields))
+        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(
+            *formatted_fields))
     # as_one_line=True is a separate code branch where float_format is passed.
-    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True,
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                               as_one_line=True,
                                                float_format='.15g')
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
         self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
@@ -311,8 +316,7 @@
     self.assertEqual(123.456, message.repeated_double[0])
     self.assertEqual(1.23e22, message.repeated_double[1])
     self.assertEqual(1.23e-18, message.repeated_double[2])
-    self.assertEqual(
-        '\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"', message.repeated_string[0])
     self.assertEqual('foocorgegrault', message.repeated_string[1])
     self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc\ua71f', message.repeated_string[2])
     self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc', message.repeated_string[3])
@@ -371,45 +375,38 @@
   def testParseSingleWord(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'foo'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        (r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
-         r'"foo".'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"foo".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testParseUnknownField(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'unknown_field: 8\n'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        (r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
-         r'"unknown_field".'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"unknown_field".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testParseBadEnumValue(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'optional_nested_enum: BARR'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        (r'1:23 : Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
-         r'has no value named BARR.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          (r'1:23 : Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+                           r'has no value named BARR.'), text_format.Parse,
+                          text, message)
 
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'optional_nested_enum: 100'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        (r'1:23 : Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
-         r'has no value with number 100.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          (r'1:23 : Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+                           r'has no value with number 100.'), text_format.Parse,
+                          text, message)
 
   def testParseBadIntValue(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'optional_int32: bork'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        ('1:17 : Couldn\'t parse integer: bork'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          ('1:17 : Couldn\'t parse integer: bork'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testParseStringFieldUnescape(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
@@ -419,6 +416,7 @@
                repeated_string: "\\\\xf\\\\x62"
                repeated_string: "\\\\\xf\\\\\x62"
                repeated_string: "\x5cx20"'''
+
     text_format.Parse(text, message)
 
     SLASH = '\\'
@@ -433,8 +431,7 @@
 
   def testMergeDuplicateScalars(self, message_module):
     message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
-    text = ('optional_int32: 42 '
-            'optional_int32: 67')
+    text = ('optional_int32: 42 ' 'optional_int32: 67')
     r = text_format.Merge(text, message)
     self.assertIs(r, message)
     self.assertEqual(67, message.optional_int32)
@@ -455,13 +452,11 @@
     self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m2.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
 
   def testParseMultipleOneof(self, message_module):
-    m_string = '\n'.join([
-        'oneof_uint32: 11',
-        'oneof_string: "foo"'])
+    m_string = '\n'.join(['oneof_uint32: 11', 'oneof_string: "foo"'])
     m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
     if message_module is unittest_pb2:
-      with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
-          text_format.ParseError, ' is specified along with field '):
+      with self.assertRaisesRegexp(text_format.ParseError,
+                                   ' is specified along with field '):
         text_format.Parse(m_string, m2)
     else:
       text_format.Parse(m_string, m2)
@@ -477,8 +472,8 @@
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     test_util.SetAllFields(message)
     self.CompareToGoldenFile(
-        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(
-            text_format.MessageToString(message, pointy_brackets=True)),
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, pointy_brackets=True)),
         'text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt')
 
   def testParseGolden(self):
@@ -499,14 +494,6 @@
         self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
         'text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt')
 
-  def testPrintAllFieldsPointy(self):
-    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
-    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
-    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
-        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(
-            text_format.MessageToString(message, pointy_brackets=True)),
-        'text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt')
-
   def testPrintInIndexOrder(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
     message.my_string = '115'
@@ -520,8 +507,7 @@
         'my_string: \"115\"\nmy_int: 101\nmy_float: 111\n'
         'optional_nested_message {\n  oo: 0\n  bb: 1\n}\n')
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
-        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
-            message)),
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
         'my_int: 101\nmy_string: \"115\"\nmy_float: 111\n'
         'optional_nested_message {\n  bb: 1\n  oo: 0\n}\n')
 
@@ -552,14 +538,13 @@
     message.map_int64_int64[-2**33] = -2**34
     message.map_uint32_uint32[123] = 456
     message.map_uint64_uint64[2**33] = 2**34
-    message.map_string_string["abc"] = "123"
+    message.map_string_string['abc'] = '123'
     message.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c = 5
 
     # Maps are serialized to text format using their underlying repeated
     # representation.
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
-        text_format.MessageToString(message),
-        'map_int32_int32 {\n'
+        text_format.MessageToString(message), 'map_int32_int32 {\n'
         '  key: -123\n'
         '  value: -456\n'
         '}\n'
@@ -592,9 +577,8 @@
       message.map_string_string[letter] = 'dummy'
     for letter in reversed(string.ascii_uppercase[0:13]):
       message.map_string_string[letter] = 'dummy'
-    golden = ''.join((
-        'map_string_string {\n  key: "%c"\n  value: "dummy"\n}\n' % (letter,)
-        for letter in string.ascii_uppercase))
+    golden = ''.join(('map_string_string {\n  key: "%c"\n  value: "dummy"\n}\n'
+                      % (letter,) for letter in string.ascii_uppercase))
     self.CompareToGoldenText(text_format.MessageToString(message), golden)
 
   def testMapOrderSemantics(self):
@@ -602,9 +586,7 @@
     # The C++ implementation emits defaulted-value fields, while the Python
     # implementation does not.  Adjusting for this is awkward, but it is
     # valuable to test against a common golden file.
-    line_blacklist = ('  key: 0\n',
-                      '  value: 0\n',
-                      '  key: false\n',
+    line_blacklist = ('  key: 0\n', '  value: 0\n', '  key: false\n',
                       '  value: false\n')
     golden_lines = [line for line in golden_lines if line not in line_blacklist]
 
@@ -627,8 +609,7 @@
     message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
     message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
     self.CompareToGoldenText(
-        text_format.MessageToString(message),
-        'message_set {\n'
+        text_format.MessageToString(message), 'message_set {\n'
         '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
         '    i: 23\n'
         '  }\n'
@@ -654,16 +635,14 @@
     message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
     message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
     text_format.PrintMessage(message, out, use_field_number=True)
-    self.CompareToGoldenText(
-        out.getvalue(),
-        '1 {\n'
-        '  1545008 {\n'
-        '    15: 23\n'
-        '  }\n'
-        '  1547769 {\n'
-        '    25: \"foo\"\n'
-        '  }\n'
-        '}\n')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(out.getvalue(), '1 {\n'
+                             '  1545008 {\n'
+                             '    15: 23\n'
+                             '  }\n'
+                             '  1547769 {\n'
+                             '    25: \"foo\"\n'
+                             '  }\n'
+                             '}\n')
     out.close()
 
   def testPrintMessageSetAsOneLine(self):
@@ -685,8 +664,7 @@
 
   def testParseMessageSet(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
-    text = ('repeated_uint64: 1\n'
-            'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
+    text = ('repeated_uint64: 1\n' 'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
     text_format.Parse(text, message)
     self.assertEqual(1, message.repeated_uint64[0])
     self.assertEqual(2, message.repeated_uint64[1])
@@ -708,8 +686,7 @@
 
   def testParseMessageByFieldNumber(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
-    text = ('34: 1\n'
-            'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
+    text = ('34: 1\n' 'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
     text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_field_number=True)
     self.assertEqual(1, message.repeated_uint64[0])
     self.assertEqual(2, message.repeated_uint64[1])
@@ -732,12 +709,9 @@
     # Can't parse field number without set allow_field_number=True.
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     text = '34:1\n'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(
-        self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        (r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
-         r'"34".'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"34".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
     # Can't parse if field number is not found.
     text = '1234:1\n'
@@ -746,7 +720,10 @@
         text_format.ParseError,
         (r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
          r'"1234".'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message, allow_field_number=True)
+        text_format.Parse,
+        text,
+        message,
+        allow_field_number=True)
 
   def testPrintAllExtensions(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
@@ -824,7 +801,9 @@
     six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
                           text_format.ParseError,
                           'Invalid field value: }',
-                          text_format.Parse, malformed, message,
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
                           allow_unknown_extension=True)
 
     message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
@@ -836,7 +815,9 @@
     six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
                           text_format.ParseError,
                           'Invalid field value: "',
-                          text_format.Parse, malformed, message,
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
                           allow_unknown_extension=True)
 
     message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
@@ -848,7 +829,9 @@
     six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
                           text_format.ParseError,
                           'Invalid field value: "',
-                          text_format.Parse, malformed, message,
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
                           allow_unknown_extension=True)
 
     message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
@@ -860,7 +843,9 @@
     six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
                           text_format.ParseError,
                           '5:1 : Expected ">".',
-                          text_format.Parse, malformed, message,
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
                           allow_unknown_extension=True)
 
     # Don't allow unknown fields with allow_unknown_extension=True.
@@ -874,7 +859,9 @@
                           ('2:3 : Message type '
                            '"proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet" has no'
                            ' field named "unknown_field".'),
-                          text_format.Parse, malformed, message,
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
                           allow_unknown_extension=True)
 
     # Parse known extension correcty.
@@ -896,67 +883,57 @@
   def testParseBadExtension(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
     text = '[unknown_extension]: 8\n'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        '1:2 : Extension "unknown_extension" not registered.',
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          '1:2 : Extension "unknown_extension" not registered.',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        ('1:2 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" does not have '
-         'extensions.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:2 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" does not have '
+        'extensions.'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testMergeDuplicateExtensionScalars(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
     text = ('[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 42 '
             '[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 67')
     text_format.Merge(text, message)
-    self.assertEqual(
-        67,
-        message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
+    self.assertEqual(67,
+                     message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
 
   def testParseDuplicateExtensionScalars(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
     text = ('[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 42 '
             '[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 67')
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        ('1:96 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions" '
-         'should not have multiple '
-         '"protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension" extensions.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:96 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions" '
+        'should not have multiple '
+        '"protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension" extensions.'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testParseDuplicateNestedMessageScalars(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     text = ('optional_nested_message { bb: 1 } '
             'optional_nested_message { bb: 2 }')
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        ('1:65 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage" '
-         'should not have multiple "bb" fields.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:65 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage" '
+        'should not have multiple "bb" fields.'), text_format.Parse, text,
+                          message)
 
   def testParseDuplicateScalars(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
-    text = ('optional_int32: 42 '
-            'optional_int32: 67')
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError,
-        ('1:36 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" should not '
-         'have multiple "optional_int32" fields.'),
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = ('optional_int32: 42 ' 'optional_int32: 67')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:36 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" should not '
+        'have multiple "optional_int32" fields.'), text_format.Parse, text,
+                          message)
 
   def testParseGroupNotClosed(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     text = 'RepeatedGroup: <'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected ">".',
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected ">".',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
     text = 'RepeatedGroup: {'
-    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
-        text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected "}".',
-        text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected "}".',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
 
   def testParseEmptyGroup(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
@@ -1007,10 +984,197 @@
     self.assertEqual(-2**34, message.map_int64_int64[-2**33])
     self.assertEqual(456, message.map_uint32_uint32[123])
     self.assertEqual(2**34, message.map_uint64_uint64[2**33])
-    self.assertEqual("123", message.map_string_string["abc"])
+    self.assertEqual('123', message.map_string_string['abc'])
     self.assertEqual(5, message.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c)
 
 
+class Proto3Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAny(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyRepeated(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    packed_message.data = 'string0'
+    message.repeated_any_value.add().Pack(packed_message)
+    packed_message.data = 'string1'
+    message.repeated_any_value.add().Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'repeated_any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string0"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'repeated_any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string1"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyNoDescriptorPool(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, descriptor_pool=None),
+        'any_value {\n'
+        '  type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+        '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, descriptor_pool=empty_pool),
+        'any_value {\n'
+        '  type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+        '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyPointyBrackets(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    pointy_brackets=True,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value <\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] <\n'
+        '    data: "string"\n'
+        '  >\n'
+        '>\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyAsOneLine(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    as_one_line=True,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value {'
+        ' [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString]'
+        ' { data: "string" } '
+        '}')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyAsOneLinePointyBrackets(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    as_one_line=True,
+                                    pointy_brackets=True,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value <'
+        ' [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString]'
+        ' < data: "string" > '
+        '>')
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAny(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyRepeated(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('repeated_any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string0"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'repeated_any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string1"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.repeated_any_value[0].Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string0', packed_message.data)
+    message.repeated_any_value[1].Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string1', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyPointyBrackets(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] <\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  >\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyNoDescriptorPool(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=None)
+    self.assertEqual(str(e.exception),
+                     'Descriptor pool required to parse expanded Any field')
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+      text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=empty_pool)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        str(e.exception),
+        'Type protobuf_unittest.OneString not found in descriptor pool')
+
+  def testMergeUnexpandedAny(self):
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+            '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+            '}\n')
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+
 class TokenizerTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def testSimpleTokenCases(self):
@@ -1021,79 +1185,55 @@
             'ID9: 22 ID10: -111111111111111111 ID11: -22\n'
             'ID12: 2222222222222222222 ID13: 1.23456f ID14: 1.2e+2f '
             'false_bool:  0 true_BOOL:t \n true_bool1:  1 false_BOOL1:f ')
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
-    methods = [(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier1'),
-               ':',
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    methods = [(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier1'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string1'),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier2'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt32, 123),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier3'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier2'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 123),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier3'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string'),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifiER_4'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifiER_4'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.1e+2),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID5'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID5'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -0.23),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID6'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID6'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aaaa\'bbbb'),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID7'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID7'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aa\"bb'),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID8'),
-               ':',
-               '{',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'A'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID8'), ':', '{',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'A'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('inf')),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'B'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'B'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -float('inf')),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'C'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'C'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'D'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
-               '}',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID9'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeUint32, 22),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID10'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt64, -111111111111111111),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID11'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt32, -22),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID12'),
-               ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeUint64, 2222222222222222222),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID13'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'D'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False), '}',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID9'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID10'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, -111111111111111111),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID11'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, -22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID12'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 2222222222222222222),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID13'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.23456),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID14'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID14'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.2e+2),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_bool'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_bool'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_BOOL'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_BOOL'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_bool1'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_bool1'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_BOOL1'),
-               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_BOOL1'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False)]
 
     i = 0
     while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
       m = methods[i]
-      if type(m) == str:
+      if isinstance(m, str):
         token = tokenizer.token
         self.assertEqual(token, m)
         tokenizer.NextToken()
@@ -1101,59 +1241,119 @@
         self.assertEqual(m[1], m[0]())
       i += 1
 
+  def testConsumeAbstractIntegers(self):
+    # This test only tests the failures in the integer parsing methods as well
+    # as the '0' special cases.
+    int64_max = (1 << 63) - 1
+    uint32_max = (1 << 32) - 1
+    text = '-1 %d %d' % (uint32_max + 1, int64_max + 1)
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+
+    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+
+    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    text = '-0 0'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
   def testConsumeIntegers(self):
     # This test only tests the failures in the integer parsing methods as well
     # as the '0' special cases.
     int64_max = (1 << 63) - 1
     uint32_max = (1 << 32) - 1
     text = '-1 %d %d' % (uint32_max + 1, int64_max + 1)
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
-    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32)
-    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64)
-    self.assertEqual(-1, tokenizer.ConsumeInt32())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint64, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(-1, text_format._ConsumeInt32(tokenizer))
 
-    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32)
-    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeInt32)
-    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInt64())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeInt32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, text_format._ConsumeInt64(tokenizer))
 
-    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeInt64)
-    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeInt64, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
     self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
 
     text = '-0 -0 0 0'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
-    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32())
-    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
-    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32())
-    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint32(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint32(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
     self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
 
   def testConsumeByteString(self):
     text = '"string1\''
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
 
     text = 'string1"'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
 
     text = '\n"\\xt"'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
 
     text = '\n"\\"'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
 
     text = '\n"\\x"'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
 
   def testConsumeBool(self):
     text = 'not-a-bool'
-    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeBool)
 
+  def testSkipComment(self):
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer('# some comment'.splitlines())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+
+  def testConsumeComment(self):
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer('# some comment'.splitlines(),
+                                      skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeTwoComments(self):
+    text = '# some comment\n# another comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual('# another comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeTrailingComment(self):
+    text = 'some_number: 4\n# some comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+
+    self.assertEqual('some_number', tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    self.assertEqual(tokenizer.token, ':')
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+    self.assertEqual(4, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py b/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
index be6a9b6..bb6a199 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import six
 import sys
 
+from operator import methodcaller
 from google.protobuf import descriptor
 from google.protobuf import symbol_database
 
@@ -98,22 +99,8 @@
   Returns:
     A string containing the JSON formatted protocol buffer message.
   """
-  js = _MessageToJsonObject(message, including_default_value_fields)
-  return json.dumps(js, indent=2)
-
-
-def _MessageToJsonObject(message, including_default_value_fields):
-  """Converts message to an object according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
-  full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
-  if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
-    return _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(message)
-  if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
-    return _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0](
-        message, including_default_value_fields)
-  js = {}
-  return _RegularMessageToJsonObject(
-      message, js, including_default_value_fields)
+  printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields)
+  return printer.ToJsonString(message)
 
 
 def _IsMapEntry(field):
@@ -122,115 +109,186 @@
           field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry)
 
 
-def _RegularMessageToJsonObject(message, js, including_default_value_fields):
-  """Converts normal message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  fields = message.ListFields()
-  include_default = including_default_value_fields
+class _Printer(object):
+  """JSON format printer for protocol message."""
 
-  try:
-    for field, value in fields:
-      name = field.camelcase_name
-      if _IsMapEntry(field):
-        # Convert a map field.
-        v_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
-        js_map = {}
-        for key in value:
-          if isinstance(key, bool):
-            if key:
-              recorded_key = 'true'
-            else:
-              recorded_key = 'false'
-          else:
-            recorded_key = key
-          js_map[recorded_key] = _FieldToJsonObject(
-              v_field, value[key], including_default_value_fields)
-        js[name] = js_map
-      elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
-        # Convert a repeated field.
-        js[name] = [_FieldToJsonObject(field, k, include_default)
-                    for k in value]
-      else:
-        js[name] = _FieldToJsonObject(field, value, include_default)
+  def __init__(self,
+               including_default_value_fields=False):
+    self.including_default_value_fields = including_default_value_fields
 
-    # Serialize default value if including_default_value_fields is True.
-    if including_default_value_fields:
-      message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
-      for field in message_descriptor.fields:
-        # Singular message fields and oneof fields will not be affected.
-        if ((field.label != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and
-             field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) or
-            field.containing_oneof):
-          continue
+  def ToJsonString(self, message):
+    js = self._MessageToJsonObject(message)
+    return json.dumps(js, indent=2)
+
+  def _MessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts message to an object according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      return self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(message)
+    if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      return methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0], message)(self)
+    js = {}
+    return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(message, js)
+
+  def _RegularMessageToJsonObject(self, message, js):
+    """Converts normal message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    fields = message.ListFields()
+
+    try:
+      for field, value in fields:
         name = field.camelcase_name
-        if name in js:
-          # Skip the field which has been serailized already.
-          continue
         if _IsMapEntry(field):
-          js[name] = {}
+          # Convert a map field.
+          v_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
+          js_map = {}
+          for key in value:
+            if isinstance(key, bool):
+              if key:
+                recorded_key = 'true'
+              else:
+                recorded_key = 'false'
+            else:
+              recorded_key = key
+            js_map[recorded_key] = self._FieldToJsonObject(
+                v_field, value[key])
+          js[name] = js_map
         elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
-          js[name] = []
+          # Convert a repeated field.
+          js[name] = [self._FieldToJsonObject(field, k)
+                      for k in value]
         else:
-          js[name] = _FieldToJsonObject(field, field.default_value)
+          js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, value)
 
-  except ValueError as e:
-    raise SerializeToJsonError(
-        'Failed to serialize {0} field: {1}.'.format(field.name, e))
+      # Serialize default value if including_default_value_fields is True.
+      if self.including_default_value_fields:
+        message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+        for field in message_descriptor.fields:
+          # Singular message fields and oneof fields will not be affected.
+          if ((field.label != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and
+               field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) or
+              field.containing_oneof):
+            continue
+          name = field.camelcase_name
+          if name in js:
+            # Skip the field which has been serailized already.
+            continue
+          if _IsMapEntry(field):
+            js[name] = {}
+          elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+            js[name] = []
+          else:
+            js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, field.default_value)
 
-  return js
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise SerializeToJsonError(
+          'Failed to serialize {0} field: {1}.'.format(field.name, e))
 
+    return js
 
-def _FieldToJsonObject(
-    field, value, including_default_value_fields=False):
-  """Converts field value according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-    return _MessageToJsonObject(value, including_default_value_fields)
-  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
-    enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None)
-    if enum_value is not None:
-      return enum_value.name
-    else:
-      raise SerializeToJsonError('Enum field contains an integer value '
-                                 'which can not mapped to an enum value.')
-  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING:
-    if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
-      # Use base64 Data encoding for bytes
-      return base64.b64encode(value).decode('utf-8')
-    else:
-      return value
-  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL:
-    return bool(value)
-  elif field.cpp_type in _INT64_TYPES:
-    return str(value)
-  elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES:
-    if math.isinf(value):
-      if value < 0.0:
-        return _NEG_INFINITY
+  def _FieldToJsonObject(self, field, value):
+    """Converts field value according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return self._MessageToJsonObject(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None)
+      if enum_value is not None:
+        return enum_value.name
       else:
-        return _INFINITY
-    if math.isnan(value):
-      return _NAN
-  return value
+        raise SerializeToJsonError('Enum field contains an integer value '
+                                   'which can not mapped to an enum value.')
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+        # Use base64 Data encoding for bytes
+        return base64.b64encode(value).decode('utf-8')
+      else:
+        return value
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return bool(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type in _INT64_TYPES:
+      return str(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES:
+      if math.isinf(value):
+        if value < 0.0:
+          return _NEG_INFINITY
+        else:
+          return _INFINITY
+      if math.isnan(value):
+        return _NAN
+    return value
+
+  def _AnyMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Any message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    if not message.ListFields():
+      return {}
+    # Must print @type first, use OrderedDict instead of {}
+    js = OrderedDict()
+    type_url = message.type_url
+    js['@type'] = type_url
+    sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url)
+    sub_message.ParseFromString(message.value)
+    message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      js['value'] = self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(sub_message)
+      return js
+    if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      js['value'] = methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0],
+                                 sub_message)(self)
+      return js
+    return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(sub_message, js)
+
+  def _GenericMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    # Duration, Timestamp and FieldMask have ToJsonString method to do the
+    # convert. Users can also call the method directly.
+    return message.ToJsonString()
+
+  def _ValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Value message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    which = message.WhichOneof('kind')
+    # If the Value message is not set treat as null_value when serialize
+    # to JSON. The parse back result will be different from original message.
+    if which is None or which == 'null_value':
+      return None
+    if which == 'list_value':
+      return self._ListValueMessageToJsonObject(message.list_value)
+    if which == 'struct_value':
+      value = message.struct_value
+    else:
+      value = getattr(message, which)
+    oneof_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[which]
+    return self._FieldToJsonObject(oneof_descriptor, value)
+
+  def _ListValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts ListValue message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    return [self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(value)
+            for value in message.values]
+
+  def _StructMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Struct message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    fields = message.fields
+    ret = {}
+    for key in fields:
+      ret[key] = self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(fields[key])
+    return ret
+
+  def _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    return self._FieldToJsonObject(
+        message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value'], message.value)
 
 
-def _AnyMessageToJsonObject(message, including_default):
-  """Converts Any message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  if not message.ListFields():
-    return {}
-  # Must print @type first, use OrderedDict instead of {}
-  js = OrderedDict()
-  type_url = message.type_url
-  js['@type'] = type_url
-  sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url)
-  sub_message.ParseFromString(message.value)
-  message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
-  full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
-  if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
-    js['value'] = _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(sub_message)
-    return js
-  if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
-    js['value'] = _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0](sub_message, including_default)
-    return js
-  return _RegularMessageToJsonObject(sub_message, js, including_default)
+def _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+  return message_descriptor.file.name == 'google/protobuf/wrappers.proto'
+
+
+def _DuplicateChecker(js):
+  result = {}
+  for name, value in js:
+    if name in result:
+      raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: duplicate key {0}.'.format(name))
+    result[name] = value
+  return result
 
 
 def _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url):
@@ -247,69 +305,13 @@
   return message_class()
 
 
-def _GenericMessageToJsonObject(message, unused_including_default):
-  """Converts message by ToJsonString according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  # Duration, Timestamp and FieldMask have ToJsonString method to do the
-  # convert. Users can also call the method directly.
-  return message.ToJsonString()
-
-
-def _ValueMessageToJsonObject(message, unused_including_default=False):
-  """Converts Value message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  which = message.WhichOneof('kind')
-  # If the Value message is not set treat as null_value when serialize
-  # to JSON. The parse back result will be different from original message.
-  if which is None or which == 'null_value':
-    return None
-  if which == 'list_value':
-    return _ListValueMessageToJsonObject(message.list_value)
-  if which == 'struct_value':
-    value = message.struct_value
-  else:
-    value = getattr(message, which)
-  oneof_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[which]
-  return _FieldToJsonObject(oneof_descriptor, value)
-
-
-def _ListValueMessageToJsonObject(message, unused_including_default=False):
-  """Converts ListValue message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  return [_ValueMessageToJsonObject(value)
-          for value in message.values]
-
-
-def _StructMessageToJsonObject(message, unused_including_default=False):
-  """Converts Struct message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
-  fields = message.fields
-  ret = {}
-  for key in fields:
-    ret[key] = _ValueMessageToJsonObject(fields[key])
-  return ret
-
-
-def _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
-  return message_descriptor.file.name == 'google/protobuf/wrappers.proto'
-
-
-def _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(message):
-  return _FieldToJsonObject(
-      message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value'], message.value)
-
-
-def _DuplicateChecker(js):
-  result = {}
-  for name, value in js:
-    if name in result:
-      raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: duplicate key {0}.'.format(name))
-    result[name] = value
-  return result
-
-
-def Parse(text, message):
+def Parse(text, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False):
   """Parses a JSON representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
   Args:
     text: Message JSON representation.
     message: A protocol beffer message to merge into.
+    ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields.
 
   Returns:
     The same message passed as argument.
@@ -326,213 +328,217 @@
       js = json.loads(text, object_pairs_hook=_DuplicateChecker)
   except ValueError as e:
     raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: {0}.'.format(str(e)))
-  _ConvertMessage(js, message)
+  parser = _Parser(ignore_unknown_fields)
+  parser.ConvertMessage(js, message)
   return message
 
 
-def _ConvertFieldValuePair(js, message):
-  """Convert field value pairs into regular message.
-
-  Args:
-    js: A JSON object to convert the field value pairs.
-    message: A regular protocol message to record the data.
-
-  Raises:
-    ParseError: In case of problems converting.
-  """
-  names = []
-  message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
-  for name in js:
-    try:
-      field = message_descriptor.fields_by_camelcase_name.get(name, None)
-      if not field:
-        raise ParseError(
-            'Message type "{0}" has no field named "{1}".'.format(
-                message_descriptor.full_name, name))
-      if name in names:
-        raise ParseError(
-            'Message type "{0}" should not have multiple "{1}" fields.'.format(
-                message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, name))
-      names.append(name)
-      # Check no other oneof field is parsed.
-      if field.containing_oneof is not None:
-        oneof_name = field.containing_oneof.name
-        if oneof_name in names:
-          raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple "{1}" '
-                           'oneof fields.'.format(
-                               message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, oneof_name))
-        names.append(oneof_name)
-
-      value = js[name]
-      if value is None:
-        message.ClearField(field.name)
-        continue
-
-      # Parse field value.
-      if _IsMapEntry(field):
-        message.ClearField(field.name)
-        _ConvertMapFieldValue(value, message, field)
-      elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
-        message.ClearField(field.name)
-        if not isinstance(value, list):
-          raise ParseError('repeated field {0} must be in [] which is '
-                           '{1}.'.format(name, value))
-        if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-          # Repeated message field.
-          for item in value:
-            sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
-            # None is a null_value in Value.
-            if (item is None and
-                sub_message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name != 'google.protobuf.Value'):
-              raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
-                               ' in a repeated field.')
-            _ConvertMessage(item, sub_message)
-        else:
-          # Repeated scalar field.
-          for item in value:
-            if item is None:
-              raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
-                               ' in a repeated field.')
-            getattr(message, field.name).append(
-                _ConvertScalarFieldValue(item, field))
-      elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-        sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
-        _ConvertMessage(value, sub_message)
-      else:
-        setattr(message, field.name, _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
-    except ParseError as e:
-      if field and field.containing_oneof is None:
-        raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}'.format(name, e))
-      else:
-        raise ParseError(str(e))
-    except ValueError as e:
-      raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
-    except TypeError as e:
-      raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
-
-
-def _ConvertMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON object into a message.
-
-  Args:
-    value: A JSON object.
-    message: A WKT or regular protocol message to record the data.
-
-  Raises:
-    ParseError: In case of convert problems.
-  """
-  message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
-  full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
-  if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
-    _ConvertWrapperMessage(value, message)
-  elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
-    _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1](value, message)
-  else:
-    _ConvertFieldValuePair(value, message)
-
-
-def _ConvertAnyMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into Any message."""
-  if isinstance(value, dict) and not value:
-    return
-  try:
-    type_url = value['@type']
-  except KeyError:
-    raise ParseError('@type is missing when parsing any message.')
-
-  sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url)
-  message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
-  full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
-  if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
-    _ConvertWrapperMessage(value['value'], sub_message)
-  elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
-    _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1](value['value'], sub_message)
-  else:
-    del value['@type']
-    _ConvertFieldValuePair(value, sub_message)
-  # Sets Any message
-  message.value = sub_message.SerializeToString()
-  message.type_url = type_url
-
-
-def _ConvertGenericMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into message with FromJsonString."""
-  # Durantion, Timestamp, FieldMask have FromJsonString method to do the
-  # convert. Users can also call the method directly.
-  message.FromJsonString(value)
-
-
 _INT_OR_FLOAT = six.integer_types + (float,)
 
 
-def _ConvertValueMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into Value message."""
-  if isinstance(value, dict):
-    _ConvertStructMessage(value, message.struct_value)
-  elif isinstance(value, list):
-    _ConvertListValueMessage(value, message.list_value)
-  elif value is None:
-    message.null_value = 0
-  elif isinstance(value, bool):
-    message.bool_value = value
-  elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
-    message.string_value = value
-  elif isinstance(value, _INT_OR_FLOAT):
-    message.number_value = value
-  else:
-    raise ParseError('Unexpected type for Value message.')
+class _Parser(object):
+  """JSON format parser for protocol message."""
 
+  def __init__(self,
+               ignore_unknown_fields):
+    self.ignore_unknown_fields = ignore_unknown_fields
 
-def _ConvertListValueMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into ListValue message."""
-  if not isinstance(value, list):
-    raise ParseError(
-        'ListValue must be in [] which is {0}.'.format(value))
-  message.ClearField('values')
-  for item in value:
-    _ConvertValueMessage(item, message.values.add())
+  def ConvertMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON object into a message.
 
+    Args:
+      value: A JSON object.
+      message: A WKT or regular protocol message to record the data.
 
-def _ConvertStructMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into Struct message."""
-  if not isinstance(value, dict):
-    raise ParseError(
-        'Struct must be in a dict which is {0}.'.format(value))
-  for key in value:
-    _ConvertValueMessage(value[key], message.fields[key])
-  return
-
-
-def _ConvertWrapperMessage(value, message):
-  """Convert a JSON representation into Wrapper message."""
-  field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value']
-  setattr(message, 'value', _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
-
-
-def _ConvertMapFieldValue(value, message, field):
-  """Convert map field value for a message map field.
-
-  Args:
-    value: A JSON object to convert the map field value.
-    message: A protocol message to record the converted data.
-    field: The descriptor of the map field to be converted.
-
-  Raises:
-    ParseError: In case of convert problems.
-  """
-  if not isinstance(value, dict):
-    raise ParseError(
-        'Map field {0} must be in a dict which is {1}.'.format(
-            field.name, value))
-  key_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['key']
-  value_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
-  for key in value:
-    key_value = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(key, key_field, True)
-    if value_field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-      _ConvertMessage(value[key], getattr(message, field.name)[key_value])
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of convert problems.
+    """
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value, message)
+    elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value, message)(self)
     else:
-      getattr(message, field.name)[key_value] = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(
-          value[key], value_field)
+      self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, message)
+
+  def _ConvertFieldValuePair(self, js, message):
+    """Convert field value pairs into regular message.
+
+    Args:
+      js: A JSON object to convert the field value pairs.
+      message: A regular protocol message to record the data.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of problems converting.
+    """
+    names = []
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    for name in js:
+      try:
+        field = message_descriptor.fields_by_camelcase_name.get(name, None)
+        if not field:
+          if self.ignore_unknown_fields:
+            continue
+          raise ParseError(
+              'Message type "{0}" has no field named "{1}".'.format(
+                  message_descriptor.full_name, name))
+        if name in names:
+          raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple '
+                           '"{1}" fields.'.format(
+                               message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, name))
+        names.append(name)
+        # Check no other oneof field is parsed.
+        if field.containing_oneof is not None:
+          oneof_name = field.containing_oneof.name
+          if oneof_name in names:
+            raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple '
+                             '"{1}" oneof fields.'.format(
+                                 message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, oneof_name))
+          names.append(oneof_name)
+
+        value = js[name]
+        if value is None:
+          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          continue
+
+        # Parse field value.
+        if _IsMapEntry(field):
+          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          self._ConvertMapFieldValue(value, message, field)
+        elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          if not isinstance(value, list):
+            raise ParseError('repeated field {0} must be in [] which is '
+                             '{1}.'.format(name, value))
+          if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+            # Repeated message field.
+            for item in value:
+              sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
+              # None is a null_value in Value.
+              if (item is None and
+                  sub_message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name != 'google.protobuf.Value'):
+                raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
+                                 ' in a repeated field.')
+              self.ConvertMessage(item, sub_message)
+          else:
+            # Repeated scalar field.
+            for item in value:
+              if item is None:
+                raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
+                                 ' in a repeated field.')
+              getattr(message, field.name).append(
+                  _ConvertScalarFieldValue(item, field))
+        elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+          self.ConvertMessage(value, sub_message)
+        else:
+          setattr(message, field.name, _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
+      except ParseError as e:
+        if field and field.containing_oneof is None:
+          raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}'.format(name, e))
+        else:
+          raise ParseError(str(e))
+      except ValueError as e:
+        raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
+      except TypeError as e:
+        raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
+
+  def _ConvertAnyMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Any message."""
+    if isinstance(value, dict) and not value:
+      return
+    try:
+      type_url = value['@type']
+    except KeyError:
+      raise ParseError('@type is missing when parsing any message.')
+
+    sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url)
+    message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value['value'], sub_message)
+    elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      methodcaller(
+          _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value['value'], sub_message)(self)
+    else:
+      del value['@type']
+      self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, sub_message)
+    # Sets Any message
+    message.value = sub_message.SerializeToString()
+    message.type_url = type_url
+
+  def _ConvertGenericMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into message with FromJsonString."""
+    # Durantion, Timestamp, FieldMask have FromJsonString method to do the
+    # convert. Users can also call the method directly.
+    message.FromJsonString(value)
+
+  def _ConvertValueMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Value message."""
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+      self._ConvertStructMessage(value, message.struct_value)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+      self. _ConvertListValueMessage(value, message.list_value)
+    elif value is None:
+      message.null_value = 0
+    elif isinstance(value, bool):
+      message.bool_value = value
+    elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+      message.string_value = value
+    elif isinstance(value, _INT_OR_FLOAT):
+      message.number_value = value
+    else:
+      raise ParseError('Unexpected type for Value message.')
+
+  def _ConvertListValueMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into ListValue message."""
+    if not isinstance(value, list):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'ListValue must be in [] which is {0}.'.format(value))
+    message.ClearField('values')
+    for item in value:
+      self._ConvertValueMessage(item, message.values.add())
+
+  def _ConvertStructMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Struct message."""
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'Struct must be in a dict which is {0}.'.format(value))
+    for key in value:
+      self._ConvertValueMessage(value[key], message.fields[key])
+    return
+
+  def _ConvertWrapperMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Wrapper message."""
+    field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value']
+    setattr(message, 'value', _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
+
+  def _ConvertMapFieldValue(self, value, message, field):
+    """Convert map field value for a message map field.
+
+    Args:
+      value: A JSON object to convert the map field value.
+      message: A protocol message to record the converted data.
+      field: The descriptor of the map field to be converted.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of convert problems.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'Map field {0} must be in a dict which is {1}.'.format(
+              field.name, value))
+    key_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['key']
+    value_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
+    for key in value:
+      key_value = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(key, key_field, True)
+      if value_field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        self.ConvertMessage(value[key], getattr(
+            message, field.name)[key_value])
+      else:
+        getattr(message, field.name)[key_value] = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(
+            value[key], value_field)
 
 
 def _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field, require_str=False):
@@ -641,18 +647,18 @@
   return value
 
 _WKTJSONMETHODS = {
-    'google.protobuf.Any': [_AnyMessageToJsonObject,
-                            _ConvertAnyMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.Duration': [_GenericMessageToJsonObject,
-                                 _ConvertGenericMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.FieldMask': [_GenericMessageToJsonObject,
-                                  _ConvertGenericMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.ListValue': [_ListValueMessageToJsonObject,
-                                  _ConvertListValueMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.Struct': [_StructMessageToJsonObject,
-                               _ConvertStructMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.Timestamp': [_GenericMessageToJsonObject,
-                                  _ConvertGenericMessage],
-    'google.protobuf.Value': [_ValueMessageToJsonObject,
-                              _ConvertValueMessage]
+    'google.protobuf.Any': ['_AnyMessageToJsonObject',
+                            '_ConvertAnyMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Duration': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                 '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.FieldMask': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.ListValue': ['_ListValueMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertListValueMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Struct': ['_StructMessageToJsonObject',
+                               '_ConvertStructMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Timestamp': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Value': ['_ValueMessageToJsonObject',
+                              '_ConvertValueMessage']
 }
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
index 2355753..e6ef5ef 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
@@ -172,12 +172,16 @@
 const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
   return descriptor->containing_type()->file();
 }
+template<>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const MethodDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->service()->file();
+}
 
 // Converts options into a Python protobuf, and cache the result.
 //
 // This is a bit tricky because options can contain extension fields defined in
 // the same proto file. In this case the options parsed from the serialized_pb
-// have unkown fields, and we need to parse them again.
+// have unknown fields, and we need to parse them again.
 //
 // Always returns a new reference.
 template<class DescriptorClass>
@@ -204,11 +208,12 @@
       cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(pool, message_type));
   if (message_class == NULL) {
     // The Options message was not found in the current DescriptorPool.
-    // In this case, there cannot be extensions to these options, and we can
-    // try to use the basic pool instead.
+    // This means that the pool cannot contain any extensions to the Options
+    // message either, so falling back to the basic pool we can only increase
+    // the chances of successfully parsing the options.
     PyErr_Clear();
-    message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-      GetDefaultDescriptorPool(), message_type);
+    pool = GetDefaultDescriptorPool();
+    message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(pool, message_type);
   }
   if (message_class == NULL) {
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Could not retrieve class for Options: %s",
@@ -248,7 +253,7 @@
 
   // Cache the result.
   Py_INCREF(value.get());
-  (*pool->descriptor_options)[descriptor] = value.get();
+  (*descriptor_options)[descriptor] = value.get();
 
   return value.release();
 }
@@ -1091,7 +1096,7 @@
   0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
   0,                                    // tp_iter
   0,                                    // tp_iternext
-  enum_descriptor::Methods,             // tp_getset
+  enum_descriptor::Methods,             // tp_methods
   0,                                    // tp_members
   enum_descriptor::Getters,             // tp_getset
   &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
@@ -1275,6 +1280,10 @@
   return NewFileExtensionsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
 }
 
+static PyObject* GetServicesByName(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileServicesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
 static PyObject* GetDependencies(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
   return NewFileDependencies(_GetDescriptor(self));
 }
@@ -1324,6 +1333,7 @@
   { "enum_types_by_name", (getter)GetEnumTypesByName, NULL, "Enums by name"},
   { "extensions_by_name", (getter)GetExtensionsByName, NULL,
     "Extensions by name"},
+  { "services_by_name", (getter)GetServicesByName, NULL, "Services by name"},
   { "dependencies", (getter)GetDependencies, NULL, "Dependencies"},
   { "public_dependencies", (getter)GetPublicDependencies, NULL, "Dependencies"},
 
@@ -1452,16 +1462,45 @@
   }
 }
 
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const OneofOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &OneofOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
   { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name"},
   { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
   { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index"},
 
   { "containing_type", (getter)GetContainingType, NULL, "Containing type"},
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
   { "fields", (getter)GetFields, NULL, "Fields"},
   {NULL}
 };
 
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
 }  // namespace oneof_descriptor
 
 PyTypeObject PyOneofDescriptor_Type = {
@@ -1492,7 +1531,7 @@
   0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
   0,                                    // tp_iter
   0,                                    // tp_iternext
-  0,                                    // tp_methods
+  oneof_descriptor::Methods,            // tp_methods
   0,                                    // tp_members
   oneof_descriptor::Getters,            // tp_getset
   &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
@@ -1504,6 +1543,222 @@
       &PyOneofDescriptor_Type, oneof_descriptor, NULL);
 }
 
+namespace service_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const ServiceDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const ServiceDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetMethods(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewServiceMethodsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetMethodsByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewServiceMethodsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindMethodByName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->FindMethodByName(string(name, name_size));
+  if (method_descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find method %.200s", name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(method_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<ServiceDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self),
+                                                   target);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name", NULL},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name", NULL},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index", NULL},
+
+  { "methods", (getter)GetMethods, NULL, "Methods", NULL},
+  { "methods_by_name", (getter)GetMethodsByName, NULL, "Methods by name", NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  { "FindMethodByName", (PyCFunction)FindMethodByName, METH_O },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyServiceDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ServiceDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Service Descriptor",               // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  service_descriptor::Methods,          // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  service_descriptor::Getters,          // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyServiceDescriptor_Type, service_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+namespace method_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const MethodDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const MethodDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingService(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const ServiceDescriptor* containing_service =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->service();
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_service);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetInputType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* input_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->input_type();
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(input_type);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOutputType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* output_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->output_type();
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(output_type);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<MethodDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self), target);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name", NULL},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name", NULL},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index", NULL},
+  { "containing_service", (getter)GetContainingService, NULL,
+    "Containing service", NULL},
+  { "input_type", (getter)GetInputType, NULL, "Input type", NULL},
+  { "output_type", (getter)GetOutputType, NULL, "Output type", NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace method_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyMethodDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MethodDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Method Descriptor",                // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  method_descriptor::Methods,           // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  method_descriptor::Getters,           // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyMethodDescriptor_Type, method_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
 // Add a enum values to a type dictionary.
 static bool AddEnumValues(PyTypeObject *type,
                           const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
@@ -1573,6 +1828,12 @@
   if (PyType_Ready(&PyOneofDescriptor_Type) < 0)
     return false;
 
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyServiceDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyMethodDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
   if (!InitDescriptorMappingTypes())
     return false;
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h
index eb99df1..1ae0e67 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
 extern PyTypeObject PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type;
 extern PyTypeObject PyFileDescriptor_Type;
 extern PyTypeObject PyOneofDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyServiceDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyMethodDescriptor_Type;
 
 // Wraps a Descriptor in a Python object.
 // The C++ pointer is usually borrowed from the global DescriptorPool.
@@ -60,6 +62,10 @@
 PyObject* PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
 PyObject* PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
     const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor);
+PyObject* PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const MethodDescriptor* descriptor);
 
 // Alternate constructor of PyFileDescriptor, used when we already have a
 // serialized FileDescriptorProto that can be cached.
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc
index e505d81..d0aae9c 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc
@@ -608,6 +608,24 @@
   return _NewObj_ByIndex(self, index);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+SeqSubscript(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+      Py_ssize_t index;
+      index = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+      if (index == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+          return NULL;
+      return GetItem(self, index);
+  }
+  // Materialize the list and delegate the operation to it.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyList_Type), self, NULL));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return Py_TYPE(list.get())->tp_as_mapping->mp_subscript(list.get(), item);
+}
+
 // Returns the position of the item in the sequence, of -1 if not found.
 // This function never fails.
 int Find(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
@@ -703,14 +721,20 @@
 };
 
 static PySequenceMethods SeqSequenceMethods = {
-    (lenfunc)Length,          // sq_length
-    0,                        // sq_concat
-    0,                        // sq_repeat
-    (ssizeargfunc)GetItem,    // sq_item
-    0,                        // sq_slice
-    0,                        // sq_ass_item
-    0,                        // sq_ass_slice
-    (objobjproc)SeqContains,  // sq_contains
+  (lenfunc)Length,          // sq_length
+  0,                        // sq_concat
+  0,                        // sq_repeat
+  (ssizeargfunc)GetItem,    // sq_item
+  0,                        // sq_slice
+  0,                        // sq_ass_item
+  0,                        // sq_ass_slice
+  (objobjproc)SeqContains,  // sq_contains
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods SeqMappingMethods = {
+  (lenfunc)Length,           // mp_length
+  (binaryfunc)SeqSubscript,  // mp_subscript
+  0,                         // mp_ass_subscript
 };
 
 PyTypeObject DescriptorSequence_Type = {
@@ -726,7 +750,7 @@
   (reprfunc)ContainerRepr,              // tp_repr
   0,                                    // tp_as_number
   &SeqSequenceMethods,                  // tp_as_sequence
-  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  &SeqMappingMethods,                   // tp_as_mapping
   0,                                    // tp_hash
   0,                                    // tp_call
   0,                                    // tp_str
@@ -1407,6 +1431,68 @@
 
 }  // namespace oneof_descriptor
 
+namespace service_descriptor {
+
+typedef const ServiceDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace methods {
+
+typedef const MethodDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->method_count();
+}
+
+static ItemDescriptor GetByName(PyContainer* self, const string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindMethodByName(name);
+}
+
+static ItemDescriptor GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->method(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(item);
+}
+
+static const string& GetItemName(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return item->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return item->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "ServiceMethods",
+  (CountMethod)Count,
+  (GetByIndexMethod)GetByIndex,
+  (GetByNameMethod)GetByName,
+  (GetByCamelcaseNameMethod)NULL,
+  (GetByNumberMethod)NULL,
+  (NewObjectFromItemMethod)NewObjectFromItem,
+  (GetItemNameMethod)GetItemName,
+  (GetItemCamelcaseNameMethod)NULL,
+  (GetItemNumberMethod)NULL,
+  (GetItemIndexMethod)GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace methods
+
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&methods::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&methods::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
 namespace file_descriptor {
 
 typedef const FileDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
@@ -1459,7 +1545,7 @@
 
 }  // namespace messages
 
-PyObject* NewFileMessageTypesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+PyObject* NewFileMessageTypesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
   return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&messages::ContainerDef, descriptor);
 }
 
@@ -1507,7 +1593,7 @@
 
 }  // namespace enums
 
-PyObject* NewFileEnumTypesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+PyObject* NewFileEnumTypesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
   return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&enums::ContainerDef, descriptor);
 }
 
@@ -1555,10 +1641,58 @@
 
 }  // namespace extensions
 
-PyObject* NewFileExtensionsByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+PyObject* NewFileExtensionsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
   return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&extensions::ContainerDef, descriptor);
 }
 
+namespace services {
+
+typedef const ServiceDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->service_count();
+}
+
+static ItemDescriptor GetByName(PyContainer* self, const string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindServiceByName(name);
+}
+
+static ItemDescriptor GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->service(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(item);
+}
+
+static const string& GetItemName(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return item->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(ItemDescriptor item) {
+  return item->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileServices",
+  (CountMethod)Count,
+  (GetByIndexMethod)GetByIndex,
+  (GetByNameMethod)GetByName,
+  (GetByCamelcaseNameMethod)NULL,
+  (GetByNumberMethod)NULL,
+  (NewObjectFromItemMethod)NewObjectFromItem,
+  (GetItemNameMethod)GetItemName,
+  (GetItemCamelcaseNameMethod)NULL,
+  (GetItemNumberMethod)NULL,
+  (GetItemIndexMethod)GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace services
+
+PyObject* NewFileServicesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&services::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
 namespace dependencies {
 
 typedef const FileDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h
index ce40747..83de07b 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 class FileDescriptor;
 class EnumDescriptor;
 class OneofDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
 
 namespace python {
 
@@ -89,10 +90,17 @@
 
 PyObject* NewFileExtensionsByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
 
+PyObject* NewFileServicesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
 PyObject* NewFileDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
 PyObject* NewFilePublicDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
 }  // namespace file_descriptor
 
+namespace service_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsSeq(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsByName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
 
 }  // namespace python
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
index 1faff96..cfd9869 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
@@ -305,6 +305,40 @@
   return PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(oneof_descriptor);
 }
 
+PyObject* FindServiceByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindServiceByName(string(name, name_size));
+  if (service_descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find service %.200s", name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(service_descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* FindMethodByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindMethodByName(string(name, name_size));
+  if (method_descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find method %.200s", name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(method_descriptor);
+}
+
 PyObject* FindFileContainingSymbol(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
   Py_ssize_t name_size;
   char* name;
@@ -491,6 +525,10 @@
     "Searches for enum type descriptor by full name." },
   { "FindOneofByName", (PyCFunction)FindOneofByName, METH_O,
     "Searches for oneof descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindServiceByName", (PyCFunction)FindServiceByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for service descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindMethodByName", (PyCFunction)FindMethodByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for method descriptor by full name." },
 
   { "FindFileContainingSymbol", (PyCFunction)FindFileContainingSymbol, METH_O,
     "Gets the FileDescriptor containing the specified symbol." },
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
index e022406..90438df 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/scoped_ptr.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
index 83c151f..a9261f2 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
@@ -1593,23 +1593,20 @@
       parent_(parent) {}
 
   int VisitRepeatedCompositeContainer(RepeatedCompositeContainer* container) {
-    return repeated_composite_container::Release(
-        reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(container));
+    return repeated_composite_container::Release(container);
   }
 
   int VisitRepeatedScalarContainer(RepeatedScalarContainer* container) {
-    return repeated_scalar_container::Release(
-        reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(container));
+    return repeated_scalar_container::Release(container);
   }
 
   int VisitMapContainer(MapContainer* container) {
-    return reinterpret_cast<MapContainer*>(container)->Release();
+    return container->Release();
   }
 
   int VisitCMessage(CMessage* cmessage,
                     const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
-    return ReleaseSubMessage(parent_, field_descriptor,
-        reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(cmessage));
+    return ReleaseSubMessage(parent_, field_descriptor, cmessage);
   }
 
   CMessage* parent_;
@@ -1903,7 +1900,7 @@
 
 // Provide a method in the module to set allow_oversize_protos to a boolean
 // value. This method returns the newly value of allow_oversize_protos.
-static PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg) {
+PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg) {
   if (!arg || !PyBool_Check(arg)) {
     PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "Argument to SetAllowOversizeProtos must be boolean");
@@ -3044,6 +3041,10 @@
       &PyFileDescriptor_Type));
   PyModule_AddObject(m, "OneofDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
       &PyOneofDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "ServiceDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyServiceDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyMethodDescriptor_Type));
 
   PyObject* enum_type_wrapper = PyImport_ImportModule(
       "google.protobuf.internal.enum_type_wrapper");
@@ -3081,53 +3082,4 @@
 }  // namespace python
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
-static PyMethodDef ModuleMethods[] = {
-  {"SetAllowOversizeProtos",
-    (PyCFunction)google::protobuf::python::cmessage::SetAllowOversizeProtos,
-    METH_O, "Enable/disable oversize proto parsing."},
-  { NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-static struct PyModuleDef _module = {
-  PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-  "_message",
-  google::protobuf::python::module_docstring,
-  -1,
-  ModuleMethods,  /* m_methods */
-  NULL,
-  NULL,
-  NULL,
-  NULL
-};
-#define INITFUNC PyInit__message
-#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL NULL
-#else  // Python 2
-#define INITFUNC init_message
-#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL
-#endif
-
-extern "C" {
-  PyMODINIT_FUNC INITFUNC(void) {
-    PyObject* m;
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    m = PyModule_Create(&_module);
-#else
-    m = Py_InitModule3("_message", ModuleMethods,
-                       google::protobuf::python::module_docstring);
-#endif
-    if (m == NULL) {
-      return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (!google::protobuf::python::InitProto2MessageModule(m)) {
-      Py_DECREF(m);
-      return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
-    }
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    return m;
-#endif
-  }
-}
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
index 3a4bec8..8b399e0 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
 #ifdef _SHARED_PTR_H
 using std::shared_ptr;
-using ::std::string;
+using std::string;
 #else
 using internal::shared_ptr;
 #endif
@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@
 // even in the case of extensions.
 PyDescriptorPool* GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(CMessage* message);
 
+PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg);
+
 }  // namespace cmessage
 
 
@@ -354,6 +356,8 @@
 
 extern PyObject* PickleError_class;
 
+bool InitProto2MessageModule(PyObject *m);
+
 }  // namespace python
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d90d9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+static const char module_docstring[] =
+"python-proto2 is a module that can be used to enhance proto2 Python API\n"
+"performance.\n"
+"\n"
+"It provides access to the protocol buffers C++ reflection API that\n"
+"implements the basic protocol buffer functions.";
+
+static PyMethodDef ModuleMethods[] = {
+  {"SetAllowOversizeProtos",
+    (PyCFunction)google::protobuf::python::cmessage::SetAllowOversizeProtos,
+    METH_O, "Enable/disable oversize proto parsing."},
+  { NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+static struct PyModuleDef _module = {
+  PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+  "_message",
+  module_docstring,
+  -1,
+  ModuleMethods,  /* m_methods */
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL
+};
+#define INITFUNC PyInit__message
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL NULL
+#else  // Python 2
+#define INITFUNC init_message
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL
+#endif
+
+extern "C" {
+  PyMODINIT_FUNC INITFUNC(void) {
+    PyObject* m;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    m = PyModule_Create(&_module);
+#else
+    m = Py_InitModule3("_message", ModuleMethods,
+                       module_docstring);
+#endif
+    if (m == NULL) {
+      return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (!google::protobuf::python::InitProto2MessageModule(m)) {
+      Py_DECREF(m);
+      return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+    }
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    return m;
+#endif
+  }
+}
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py b/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
index 6f1e3c8..c4b23c3 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@
 import six
 
 if six.PY3:
-  long = int
+  long = int  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
 
+# pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
 from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
 from google.protobuf import descriptor
 from google.protobuf import text_encoding
 
-__all__ = ['MessageToString', 'PrintMessage', 'PrintField',
-           'PrintFieldValue', 'Merge']
-
+__all__ = ['MessageToString', 'PrintMessage', 'PrintField', 'PrintFieldValue',
+           'Merge']
 
 _INTEGER_CHECKERS = (type_checkers.Uint32ValueChecker(),
                      type_checkers.Int32ValueChecker(),
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 _FLOAT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT,
                           descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE])
 _QUOTES = frozenset(("'", '"'))
+_ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME = 'google.protobuf.Any'
 
 
 class Error(Exception):
@@ -74,10 +75,30 @@
 
 
 class ParseError(Error):
-  """Thrown in case of text parsing error."""
+  """Thrown in case of text parsing or tokenizing error."""
+
+  def __init__(self, message=None, line=None, column=None):
+    if message is not None and line is not None:
+      loc = str(line)
+      if column is not None:
+        loc += ':{}'.format(column)
+      message = '{} : {}'.format(loc, message)
+    if message is not None:
+      super(ParseError, self).__init__(message)
+    else:
+      super(ParseError, self).__init__()
+    self._line = line
+    self._column = column
+
+  def GetLine(self):
+    return self._line
+
+  def GetColumn(self):
+    return self._column
 
 
 class TextWriter(object):
+
   def __init__(self, as_utf8):
     if six.PY2:
       self._writer = io.BytesIO()
@@ -97,9 +118,15 @@
     return self._writer.getvalue()
 
 
-def MessageToString(message, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False,
-                    pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False,
-                    float_format=None, use_field_number=False):
+def MessageToString(message,
+                    as_utf8=False,
+                    as_one_line=False,
+                    pointy_brackets=False,
+                    use_index_order=False,
+                    float_format=None,
+                    use_field_number=False,
+                    descriptor_pool=None,
+                    indent=0):
   """Convert protobuf message to text format.
 
   Floating point values can be formatted compactly with 15 digits of
@@ -119,14 +146,16 @@
     float_format: If set, use this to specify floating point number formatting
       (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); otherwise, str() is used.
     use_field_number: If True, print field numbers instead of names.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    indent: The indent level, in terms of spaces, for pretty print.
 
   Returns:
     A string of the text formatted protocol buffer message.
   """
   out = TextWriter(as_utf8)
-  printer = _Printer(out, 0, as_utf8, as_one_line,
-                     pointy_brackets, use_index_order, float_format,
-                     use_field_number)
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format, use_field_number,
+                     descriptor_pool)
   printer.PrintMessage(message)
   result = out.getvalue()
   out.close()
@@ -141,39 +170,87 @@
           field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry)
 
 
-def PrintMessage(message, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False,
-                 pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False,
-                 float_format=None, use_field_number=False):
-  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
-                     pointy_brackets, use_index_order, float_format,
-                     use_field_number)
+def PrintMessage(message,
+                 out,
+                 indent=0,
+                 as_utf8=False,
+                 as_one_line=False,
+                 pointy_brackets=False,
+                 use_index_order=False,
+                 float_format=None,
+                 use_field_number=False,
+                 descriptor_pool=None):
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format, use_field_number,
+                     descriptor_pool)
   printer.PrintMessage(message)
 
 
-def PrintField(field, value, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False,
-               pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False, float_format=None):
+def PrintField(field,
+               value,
+               out,
+               indent=0,
+               as_utf8=False,
+               as_one_line=False,
+               pointy_brackets=False,
+               use_index_order=False,
+               float_format=None):
   """Print a single field name/value pair."""
-  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
-                     pointy_brackets, use_index_order, float_format)
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format)
   printer.PrintField(field, value)
 
 
-def PrintFieldValue(field, value, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False,
-                    as_one_line=False, pointy_brackets=False,
+def PrintFieldValue(field,
+                    value,
+                    out,
+                    indent=0,
+                    as_utf8=False,
+                    as_one_line=False,
+                    pointy_brackets=False,
                     use_index_order=False,
                     float_format=None):
   """Print a single field value (not including name)."""
-  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
-                     pointy_brackets, use_index_order, float_format)
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format)
   printer.PrintFieldValue(field, value)
 
 
+def _BuildMessageFromTypeName(type_name, descriptor_pool):
+  """Returns a protobuf message instance.
+
+  Args:
+    type_name: Fully-qualified protobuf  message type name string.
+    descriptor_pool: DescriptorPool instance.
+
+  Returns:
+    A Message instance of type matching type_name, or None if the a Descriptor
+    wasn't found matching type_name.
+  """
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  from google.protobuf import message_factory
+  factory = message_factory.MessageFactory(descriptor_pool)
+  try:
+    message_descriptor = descriptor_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name)
+  except KeyError:
+    return None
+  message_type = factory.GetPrototype(message_descriptor)
+  return message_type()
+
+
 class _Printer(object):
   """Text format printer for protocol message."""
 
-  def __init__(self, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False,
-               pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False, float_format=None,
-               use_field_number=False):
+  def __init__(self,
+               out,
+               indent=0,
+               as_utf8=False,
+               as_one_line=False,
+               pointy_brackets=False,
+               use_index_order=False,
+               float_format=None,
+               use_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None):
     """Initialize the Printer.
 
     Floating point values can be formatted compactly with 15 digits of
@@ -195,6 +272,7 @@
         (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); otherwise, str() is
         used.
       use_field_number: If True, print field numbers instead of names.
+      descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
     """
     self.out = out
     self.indent = indent
@@ -204,6 +282,20 @@
     self.use_index_order = use_index_order
     self.float_format = float_format
     self.use_field_number = use_field_number
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
+
+  def _TryPrintAsAnyMessage(self, message):
+    """Serializes if message is a google.protobuf.Any field."""
+    packed_message = _BuildMessageFromTypeName(message.TypeName(),
+                                               self.descriptor_pool)
+    if packed_message:
+      packed_message.MergeFromString(message.value)
+      self.out.write('%s[%s]' % (self.indent * ' ', message.type_url))
+      self._PrintMessageFieldValue(packed_message)
+      self.out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+      return True
+    else:
+      return False
 
   def PrintMessage(self, message):
     """Convert protobuf message to text format.
@@ -211,6 +303,9 @@
     Args:
       message: The protocol buffers message.
     """
+    if (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name == _ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME and
+        self.descriptor_pool and self._TryPrintAsAnyMessage(message)):
+      return
     fields = message.ListFields()
     if self.use_index_order:
       fields.sort(key=lambda x: x[0].index)
@@ -222,8 +317,8 @@
           # of this file to work around.
           #
           # TODO(haberman): refactor and optimize if this becomes an issue.
-          entry_submsg = field.message_type._concrete_class(
-              key=key, value=value[key])
+          entry_submsg = field.message_type._concrete_class(key=key,
+                                                            value=value[key])
           self.PrintField(field, entry_submsg)
       elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
         for element in value:
@@ -264,6 +359,25 @@
     else:
       out.write('\n')
 
+  def _PrintMessageFieldValue(self, value):
+    if self.pointy_brackets:
+      openb = '<'
+      closeb = '>'
+    else:
+      openb = '{'
+      closeb = '}'
+
+    if self.as_one_line:
+      self.out.write(' %s ' % openb)
+      self.PrintMessage(value)
+      self.out.write(closeb)
+    else:
+      self.out.write(' %s\n' % openb)
+      self.indent += 2
+      self.PrintMessage(value)
+      self.indent -= 2
+      self.out.write(' ' * self.indent + closeb)
+
   def PrintFieldValue(self, field, value):
     """Print a single field value (not including name).
 
@@ -274,24 +388,8 @@
       value: The value of the field.
     """
     out = self.out
-    if self.pointy_brackets:
-      openb = '<'
-      closeb = '>'
-    else:
-      openb = '{'
-      closeb = '}'
-
     if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-      if self.as_one_line:
-        out.write(' %s ' % openb)
-        self.PrintMessage(value)
-        out.write(closeb)
-      else:
-        out.write(' %s\n' % openb)
-        self.indent += 2
-        self.PrintMessage(value)
-        self.indent -= 2
-        out.write(' ' * self.indent + closeb)
+      self._PrintMessageFieldValue(value)
     elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
       enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None)
       if enum_value is not None:
@@ -322,9 +420,11 @@
       out.write(str(value))
 
 
-def Parse(text, message,
-          allow_unknown_extension=False, allow_field_number=False):
-  """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+def Parse(text,
+          message,
+          allow_unknown_extension=False,
+          allow_field_number=False):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
   Args:
     text: Message text representation.
@@ -341,13 +441,16 @@
   """
   if not isinstance(text, str):
     text = text.decode('utf-8')
-  return ParseLines(text.split('\n'), message, allow_unknown_extension,
-                    allow_field_number)
+  return ParseLines(
+      text.split('\n'), message, allow_unknown_extension, allow_field_number)
 
 
-def Merge(text, message, allow_unknown_extension=False,
-          allow_field_number=False):
-  """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+def Merge(text,
+          message,
+          allow_unknown_extension=False,
+          allow_field_number=False,
+          descriptor_pool=None):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
   Like Parse(), but allows repeated values for a non-repeated field, and uses
   the last one.
@@ -358,6 +461,7 @@
     allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
       parsing
     allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
 
   Returns:
     The same message passed as argument.
@@ -365,13 +469,19 @@
   Raises:
     ParseError: On text parsing problems.
   """
-  return MergeLines(text.split('\n'), message, allow_unknown_extension,
-                    allow_field_number)
+  return MergeLines(
+      text.split('\n'),
+      message,
+      allow_unknown_extension,
+      allow_field_number,
+      descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool)
 
 
-def ParseLines(lines, message, allow_unknown_extension=False,
+def ParseLines(lines,
+               message,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
                allow_field_number=False):
-  """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
   Args:
     lines: An iterable of lines of a message's text representation.
@@ -379,6 +489,7 @@
     allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
       parsing
     allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
 
   Returns:
     The same message passed as argument.
@@ -390,9 +501,12 @@
   return parser.ParseLines(lines, message)
 
 
-def MergeLines(lines, message, allow_unknown_extension=False,
-               allow_field_number=False):
-  """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+def MergeLines(lines,
+               message,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
+               allow_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
   Args:
     lines: An iterable of lines of a message's text representation.
@@ -407,41 +521,47 @@
   Raises:
     ParseError: On text parsing problems.
   """
-  parser = _Parser(allow_unknown_extension, allow_field_number)
+  parser = _Parser(allow_unknown_extension,
+                   allow_field_number,
+                   descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool)
   return parser.MergeLines(lines, message)
 
 
 class _Parser(object):
   """Text format parser for protocol message."""
 
-  def __init__(self, allow_unknown_extension=False, allow_field_number=False):
+  def __init__(self,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
+               allow_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None):
     self.allow_unknown_extension = allow_unknown_extension
     self.allow_field_number = allow_field_number
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
 
   def ParseFromString(self, text, message):
-    """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
     if not isinstance(text, str):
       text = text.decode('utf-8')
     return self.ParseLines(text.split('\n'), message)
 
   def ParseLines(self, lines, message):
-    """Parses an text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
     self._allow_multiple_scalars = False
     self._ParseOrMerge(lines, message)
     return message
 
   def MergeFromString(self, text, message):
-    """Merges an text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    """Merges a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
     return self._MergeLines(text.split('\n'), message)
 
   def MergeLines(self, lines, message):
-    """Merges an text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    """Merges a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
     self._allow_multiple_scalars = True
     self._ParseOrMerge(lines, message)
     return message
 
   def _ParseOrMerge(self, lines, message):
-    """Converts an text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+    """Converts a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
 
     Args:
       lines: Lines of a message's text representation.
@@ -450,7 +570,7 @@
     Raises:
       ParseError: On text parsing problems.
     """
-    tokenizer = _Tokenizer(lines)
+    tokenizer = Tokenizer(lines)
     while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
       self._MergeField(tokenizer, message)
 
@@ -491,13 +611,13 @@
               'Extension "%s" not registered.' % name)
       elif message_descriptor != field.containing_type:
         raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
-            'Extension "%s" does not extend message type "%s".' % (
-                name, message_descriptor.full_name))
+            'Extension "%s" does not extend message type "%s".' %
+            (name, message_descriptor.full_name))
 
       tokenizer.Consume(']')
 
     else:
-      name = tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+      name = tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber()
       if self.allow_field_number and name.isdigit():
         number = ParseInteger(name, True, True)
         field = message_descriptor.fields_by_number.get(number, None)
@@ -520,8 +640,8 @@
 
       if not field:
         raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
-            'Message type "%s" has no field named "%s".' % (
-                message_descriptor.full_name, name))
+            'Message type "%s" has no field named "%s".' %
+            (message_descriptor.full_name, name))
 
     if field:
       if not self._allow_multiple_scalars and field.containing_oneof:
@@ -532,9 +652,9 @@
         if which_oneof is not None and which_oneof != field.name:
           raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
               'Field "%s" is specified along with field "%s", another member '
-              'of oneof "%s" for message type "%s".' % (
-                  field.name, which_oneof, field.containing_oneof.name,
-                  message_descriptor.full_name))
+              'of oneof "%s" for message type "%s".' %
+              (field.name, which_oneof, field.containing_oneof.name,
+               message_descriptor.full_name))
 
       if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
         tokenizer.TryConsume(':')
@@ -543,12 +663,13 @@
         tokenizer.Consume(':')
         merger = self._MergeScalarField
 
-      if (field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED
-          and tokenizer.TryConsume('[')):
+      if (field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and
+          tokenizer.TryConsume('[')):
         # Short repeated format, e.g. "foo: [1, 2, 3]"
         while True:
           merger(tokenizer, message, field)
-          if tokenizer.TryConsume(']'): break
+          if tokenizer.TryConsume(']'):
+            break
           tokenizer.Consume(',')
 
       else:
@@ -563,6 +684,21 @@
     if not tokenizer.TryConsume(','):
       tokenizer.TryConsume(';')
 
+  def _ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(self, tokenizer):
+    """Consumes a google.protobuf.Any type URL and returns the type name."""
+    # Consume "type.googleapis.com/".
+    tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+    tokenizer.Consume('.')
+    tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+    tokenizer.Consume('.')
+    tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+    tokenizer.Consume('/')
+    # Consume the fully-qualified type name.
+    name = [tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()]
+    while tokenizer.TryConsume('.'):
+      name.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    return '.'.join(name)
+
   def _MergeMessageField(self, tokenizer, message, field):
     """Merges a single scalar field into a message.
 
@@ -582,7 +718,34 @@
       tokenizer.Consume('{')
       end_token = '}'
 
-    if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+    if (field.message_type.full_name == _ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME and
+        tokenizer.TryConsume('[')):
+      packed_type_name = self._ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(tokenizer)
+      tokenizer.Consume(']')
+      tokenizer.TryConsume(':')
+      if tokenizer.TryConsume('<'):
+        expanded_any_end_token = '>'
+      else:
+        tokenizer.Consume('{')
+        expanded_any_end_token = '}'
+      if not self.descriptor_pool:
+        raise ParseError('Descriptor pool required to parse expanded Any field')
+      expanded_any_sub_message = _BuildMessageFromTypeName(packed_type_name,
+                                                           self.descriptor_pool)
+      if not expanded_any_sub_message:
+        raise ParseError('Type %s not found in descriptor pool' %
+                         packed_type_name)
+      while not tokenizer.TryConsume(expanded_any_end_token):
+        if tokenizer.AtEnd():
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken('Expected "%s".' %
+                                                  (expanded_any_end_token,))
+        self._MergeField(tokenizer, expanded_any_sub_message)
+      if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+        any_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
+      else:
+        any_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+      any_message.Pack(expanded_any_sub_message)
+    elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
       if field.is_extension:
         sub_message = message.Extensions[field].add()
       elif is_map_entry:
@@ -628,17 +791,17 @@
     if field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32,
                       descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32,
                       descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32):
-      value = tokenizer.ConsumeInt32()
+      value = _ConsumeInt32(tokenizer)
     elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64,
                         descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64,
                         descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64):
-      value = tokenizer.ConsumeInt64()
+      value = _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer)
     elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32,
                         descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32):
-      value = tokenizer.ConsumeUint32()
+      value = _ConsumeUint32(tokenizer)
     elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64,
                         descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64):
-      value = tokenizer.ConsumeUint64()
+      value = _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer)
     elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT,
                         descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE):
       value = tokenizer.ConsumeFloat()
@@ -753,13 +916,12 @@
     return
 
   if (not tokenizer.TryConsumeIdentifier() and
-      not tokenizer.TryConsumeInt64() and
-      not tokenizer.TryConsumeUint64() and
+      not _TryConsumeInt64(tokenizer) and not _TryConsumeUint64(tokenizer) and
       not tokenizer.TryConsumeFloat()):
     raise ParseError('Invalid field value: ' + tokenizer.token)
 
 
-class _Tokenizer(object):
+class Tokenizer(object):
   """Protocol buffer text representation tokenizer.
 
   This class handles the lower level string parsing by splitting it into
@@ -768,17 +930,20 @@
   It was directly ported from the Java protocol buffer API.
   """
 
-  _WHITESPACE = re.compile('(\\s|(#.*$))+', re.MULTILINE)
+  _WHITESPACE = re.compile(r'\s+')
+  _COMMENT = re.compile(r'(\s*#.*$)', re.MULTILINE)
+  _WHITESPACE_OR_COMMENT = re.compile(r'(\s|(#.*$))+', re.MULTILINE)
   _TOKEN = re.compile('|'.join([
-      r'[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_+-]*',             # an identifier
+      r'[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_+-]*',  # an identifier
       r'([0-9+-]|(\.[0-9]))[0-9a-zA-Z_.+-]*',  # a number
-  ] + [                                        # quoted str for each quote mark
+  ] + [  # quoted str for each quote mark
       r'{qt}([^{qt}\n\\]|\\.)*({qt}|\\?$)'.format(qt=mark) for mark in _QUOTES
   ]))
 
-  _IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'\w+')
+  _IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'[^\d\W]\w*')
+  _IDENTIFIER_OR_NUMBER = re.compile(r'\w+')
 
-  def __init__(self, lines):
+  def __init__(self, lines, skip_comments=True):
     self._position = 0
     self._line = -1
     self._column = 0
@@ -789,6 +954,9 @@
     self._previous_line = 0
     self._previous_column = 0
     self._more_lines = True
+    self._skip_comments = skip_comments
+    self._whitespace_pattern = (skip_comments and self._WHITESPACE_OR_COMMENT
+                                or self._WHITESPACE)
     self._SkipWhitespace()
     self.NextToken()
 
@@ -818,7 +986,7 @@
   def _SkipWhitespace(self):
     while True:
       self._PopLine()
-      match = self._WHITESPACE.match(self._current_line, self._column)
+      match = self._whitespace_pattern.match(self._current_line, self._column)
       if not match:
         break
       length = len(match.group(0))
@@ -848,7 +1016,14 @@
       ParseError: If the text couldn't be consumed.
     """
     if not self.TryConsume(token):
-      raise self._ParseError('Expected "%s".' % token)
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected "%s".' % token)
+
+  def ConsumeComment(self):
+    result = self.token
+    if not self._COMMENT.match(result):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected comment.')
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
 
   def TryConsumeIdentifier(self):
     try:
@@ -868,85 +1043,55 @@
     """
     result = self.token
     if not self._IDENTIFIER.match(result):
-      raise self._ParseError('Expected identifier.')
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected identifier.')
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
-  def ConsumeInt32(self):
-    """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number.
-
-    Returns:
-      The integer parsed.
-
-    Raises:
-      ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
-    """
+  def TryConsumeIdentifierOrNumber(self):
     try:
-      result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=True, is_long=False)
-    except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
-    self.NextToken()
-    return result
-
-  def ConsumeUint32(self):
-    """Consumes an unsigned 32bit integer number.
-
-    Returns:
-      The integer parsed.
-
-    Raises:
-      ParseError: If an unsigned 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
-    """
-    try:
-      result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=False, is_long=False)
-    except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
-    self.NextToken()
-    return result
-
-  def TryConsumeInt64(self):
-    try:
-      self.ConsumeInt64()
+      self.ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber()
       return True
     except ParseError:
       return False
 
-  def ConsumeInt64(self):
-    """Consumes a signed 64bit integer number.
+  def ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber(self):
+    """Consumes protocol message field identifier.
 
     Returns:
-      The integer parsed.
+      Identifier string.
 
     Raises:
-      ParseError: If a signed 64bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+      ParseError: If an identifier couldn't be consumed.
     """
-    try:
-      result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=True, is_long=True)
-    except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+    result = self.token
+    if not self._IDENTIFIER_OR_NUMBER.match(result):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected identifier or number.')
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
-  def TryConsumeUint64(self):
+  def TryConsumeInteger(self):
     try:
-      self.ConsumeUint64()
+      # Note: is_long only affects value type, not whether an error is raised.
+      self.ConsumeInteger()
       return True
     except ParseError:
       return False
 
-  def ConsumeUint64(self):
-    """Consumes an unsigned 64bit integer number.
+  def ConsumeInteger(self, is_long=False):
+    """Consumes an integer number.
 
+    Args:
+      is_long: True if the value should be returned as a long integer.
     Returns:
       The integer parsed.
 
     Raises:
-      ParseError: If an unsigned 64bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+      ParseError: If an integer couldn't be consumed.
     """
     try:
-      result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=False, is_long=True)
+      result = _ParseAbstractInteger(self.token, is_long=is_long)
     except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
@@ -969,7 +1114,7 @@
     try:
       result = ParseFloat(self.token)
     except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
@@ -985,7 +1130,7 @@
     try:
       result = ParseBool(self.token)
     except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
@@ -1039,15 +1184,15 @@
     """
     text = self.token
     if len(text) < 1 or text[0] not in _QUOTES:
-      raise self._ParseError('Expected string but found: %r' % (text,))
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected string but found: %r' % (text,))
 
     if len(text) < 2 or text[-1] != text[0]:
-      raise self._ParseError('String missing ending quote: %r' % (text,))
+      raise self.ParseError('String missing ending quote: %r' % (text,))
 
     try:
       result = text_encoding.CUnescape(text[1:-1])
     except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
@@ -1055,7 +1200,7 @@
     try:
       result = ParseEnum(field, self.token)
     except ValueError as e:
-      raise self._ParseError(str(e))
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
     self.NextToken()
     return result
 
@@ -1068,16 +1213,15 @@
     Returns:
       A ParseError instance.
     """
-    return ParseError('%d:%d : %s' % (
-        self._previous_line + 1, self._previous_column + 1, message))
+    return ParseError(message, self._previous_line + 1,
+                      self._previous_column + 1)
 
-  def _ParseError(self, message):
+  def ParseError(self, message):
     """Creates and *returns* a ParseError for the current token."""
-    return ParseError('%d:%d : %s' % (
-        self._line + 1, self._column + 1, message))
+    return ParseError(message, self._line + 1, self._column + 1)
 
   def _StringParseError(self, e):
-    return self._ParseError('Couldn\'t parse string: ' + str(e))
+    return self.ParseError('Couldn\'t parse string: ' + str(e))
 
   def NextToken(self):
     """Reads the next meaningful token."""
@@ -1092,12 +1236,124 @@
       return
 
     match = self._TOKEN.match(self._current_line, self._column)
+    if not match and not self._skip_comments:
+      match = self._COMMENT.match(self._current_line, self._column)
     if match:
       token = match.group(0)
       self.token = token
     else:
       self.token = self._current_line[self._column]
 
+# Aliased so it can still be accessed by current visibility violators.
+# TODO(dbarnett): Migrate violators to textformat_tokenizer.
+_Tokenizer = Tokenizer  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
+
+def _ConsumeInt32(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=True, is_long=False)
+
+
+def _ConsumeUint32(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes an unsigned 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an unsigned 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeInt64(tokenizer):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=True, is_long=True)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeUint64(tokenizer):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes an unsigned 64bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an unsigned 64bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=True)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=is_signed, is_long=is_long)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
+  """Consumes an integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+    is_signed: True if a signed integer must be parsed.
+    is_long: True if a long integer must be parsed.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an integer with given characteristics couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  try:
+    result = ParseInteger(tokenizer.token, is_signed=is_signed, is_long=is_long)
+  except ValueError as e:
+    raise tokenizer.ParseError(str(e))
+  tokenizer.NextToken()
+  return result
+
 
 def ParseInteger(text, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
   """Parses an integer.
@@ -1114,16 +1370,7 @@
     ValueError: Thrown Iff the text is not a valid integer.
   """
   # Do the actual parsing. Exception handling is propagated to caller.
-  try:
-    # We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make
-    # alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant
-    # (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler.
-    if is_long:
-      result = long(text, 0)
-    else:
-      result = int(text, 0)
-  except ValueError:
-    raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse integer: %s' % text)
+  result = _ParseAbstractInteger(text, is_long=is_long)
 
   # Check if the integer is sane. Exceptions handled by callers.
   checker = _INTEGER_CHECKERS[2 * int(is_long) + int(is_signed)]
@@ -1131,6 +1378,32 @@
   return result
 
 
+def _ParseAbstractInteger(text, is_long=False):
+  """Parses an integer without checking size/signedness.
+
+  Args:
+    text: The text to parse.
+    is_long: True if the value should be returned as a long integer.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer value.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: Thrown Iff the text is not a valid integer.
+  """
+  # Do the actual parsing. Exception handling is propagated to caller.
+  try:
+    # We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make
+    # alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant
+    # (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler.
+    if is_long:
+      return long(text, 0)
+    else:
+      return int(text, 0)
+  except ValueError:
+    raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse integer: %s' % text)
+
+
 def ParseFloat(text):
   """Parse a floating point number.
 
@@ -1206,14 +1479,12 @@
     # Identifier.
     enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_name.get(value, None)
     if enum_value is None:
-      raise ValueError(
-          'Enum type "%s" has no value named %s.' % (
-              enum_descriptor.full_name, value))
+      raise ValueError('Enum type "%s" has no value named %s.' %
+                       (enum_descriptor.full_name, value))
   else:
     # Numeric value.
     enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_number.get(number, None)
     if enum_value is None:
-      raise ValueError(
-          'Enum type "%s" has no value with number %d.' % (
-              enum_descriptor.full_name, number))
+      raise ValueError('Enum type "%s" has no value with number %d.' %
+                       (enum_descriptor.full_name, number))
   return enum_value.number
diff --git a/python/setup.py b/python/setup.py
index 76f0cbc..524a312 100755
--- a/python/setup.py
+++ b/python/setup.py
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
       sys.exit(-1)
 
 def GenerateUnittestProtos():
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto", False)
   generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto", False)
   generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto", False)
   generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto", False)
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto", False)
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto", False)
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto", False)
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto", False)
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/outer.proto", False)
   generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/missing_enum_values.proto", False)