C#: Optimize parsing of some primitive and wrapper types
diff --git a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs
index 4d13f88..cd091b2 100644
--- a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs
+++ b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs
@@ -481,7 +481,33 @@
         /// </summary>

         public double ReadDouble()

         {

-            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long) ReadRawLittleEndian64());

+            if (bufferPos + 8 <= bufferSize)

+            {

+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)

+                {

+                    var result = BitConverter.ToDouble(buffer, bufferPos);

+                    bufferPos += 8;

+                    return result;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    var bytes = new byte[8];

+                    bytes[0] = buffer[bufferPos + 7];

+                    bytes[1] = buffer[bufferPos + 6];

+                    bytes[2] = buffer[bufferPos + 5];

+                    bytes[3] = buffer[bufferPos + 4];

+                    bytes[4] = buffer[bufferPos + 3];

+                    bytes[5] = buffer[bufferPos + 2];

+                    bytes[6] = buffer[bufferPos + 1];

+                    bytes[7] = buffer[bufferPos];

+                    bufferPos += 8;

+                    return BitConverter.ToDouble(bytes, 0);

+                }

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)ReadRawLittleEndian64());

+            }

         }

 

         /// <summary>

@@ -711,7 +737,126 @@
             return false;

         }

 

-        #endregion

+        internal static double? ReadDoubleWrapperLittleEndian(CodedInputStream input)

+        {

+            // tag:1 + value:8 = 9 bytes

+            const int expectedLength = 9;

+            // field=1, type=64-bit = tag of 9

+            const int expectedTag = 9;

+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:8 = 10 bytes

+            if (input.bufferPos + 10 <= input.bufferSize)

+            {

+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos];

+                if (length == 0)

+                {

+                    input.bufferPos++;

+                    return 0D;

+                }

+                if (length != expectedLength)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageLength();

+                }

+                // field=1, type=64-bit = tag of 9

+                if (input.buffer[input.bufferPos + 1] != expectedTag)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageTag();

+                }

+                var result = BitConverter.ToDouble(input.buffer, input.bufferPos + 2);

+                input.bufferPos += 10;

+                return result;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                int length = input.ReadLength();

+                if (length == 0)

+                {

+                    return 0D;

+                }

+                if (length != expectedLength)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageLength();

+                }

+                if (input.ReadTag() != expectedTag)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageTag();

+                }

+                return input.ReadDouble();

+            }

+        }

+

+        internal static double? ReadDoubleWrapperBigEndian(CodedInputStream input)

+        {

+            int length = input.ReadLength();

+            if (length == 0)

+            {

+                return 0D;

+            }

+            // tag:1 + value:8 = 9 bytes

+            if (length != 9)

+            {

+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageLength();

+            }

+            // field=1, type=64-bit = tag of 9

+            if (input.ReadTag() != 9)

+            {

+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageTag();

+            }

+            return input.ReadDouble();

+        }

+

+        internal static long? ReadInt64Wrapper(CodedInputStream input)

+        {

+            // field=1, type=varint = tag of 8

+            const int expectedTag = 8;

+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:10(varint64-max) = 12 bytes

+            if (input.bufferPos + 12 <= input.bufferSize)

+            {

+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos++];

+                if (length == 0)

+                {

+                    return 0L;

+                }

+                // Length will always fit in a single byte.

+                if (length >= 128)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageLength();

+                }

+                int finalBufferPos = input.bufferPos + length;

+                if (input.buffer[input.bufferPos++] != expectedTag)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageTag();

+                }

+                var result = input.ReadInt64();

+                // Verify this message only contained a single field.

+                if (input.bufferPos != finalBufferPos)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageExtraFields();

+                }

+                return result;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                int length = input.ReadLength();

+                if (length == 0)

+                {

+                    return 0L;

+                }

+                int finalBufferPos = input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos + length;

+                if (input.ReadTag() != expectedTag)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageTag();

+                }

+                var result = input.ReadInt64();

+                // Verify this message only contained a single field.

+                if (input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos != finalBufferPos)

+                {

+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWrapperMessageExtraFields();

+                }

+                return result;

+            }

+        }

+        

+#endregion

 

         #region Underlying reading primitives

 

@@ -876,17 +1021,42 @@
         /// </summary>

         internal ulong ReadRawVarint64()

         {

-            int shift = 0;

-            ulong result = 0;

-            while (shift < 64)

+            if (bufferPos + 10 <= bufferSize)

             {

-                byte b = ReadRawByte();

-                result |= (ulong) (b & 0x7F) << shift;

-                if ((b & 0x80) == 0)

+                ulong result = buffer[bufferPos++];

+                if (result < 128)

                 {

                     return result;

                 }

-                shift += 7;

+                result &= 0x7f;

+                int shift = 7;

+                do

+                {

+                    byte b = buffer[bufferPos++];

+                    result |= (ulong)(b & 0x7F) << shift;

+                    if (b < 0x80)

+                    {

+                        return result;

+                    }

+                    shift += 7;

+                }

+                while (shift < 64);

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                int shift = 0;

+                ulong result = 0;

+                do

+                {

+                    byte b = ReadRawByte();

+                    result |= (ulong)(b & 0x7F) << shift;

+                    if (b < 0x80)

+                    {

+                        return result;

+                    }

+                    shift += 7;

+                }

+                while (shift < 64);

             }

             throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint();

         }

@@ -896,11 +1066,32 @@
         /// </summary>

         internal uint ReadRawLittleEndian32()

         {

-            uint b1 = ReadRawByte();

-            uint b2 = ReadRawByte();

-            uint b3 = ReadRawByte();

-            uint b4 = ReadRawByte();

-            return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24);

+            if (bufferPos + 4 <= bufferSize)

+            {

+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)

+                {

+                    var result = BitConverter.ToUInt32(buffer, bufferPos);

+                    bufferPos += 4;

+                    return result;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    uint b1 = buffer[bufferPos];

+                    uint b2 = buffer[bufferPos + 1];

+                    uint b3 = buffer[bufferPos + 2];

+                    uint b4 = buffer[bufferPos + 3];

+                    bufferPos += 4;

+                    return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24);

+                }

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                uint b1 = ReadRawByte();

+                uint b2 = ReadRawByte();

+                uint b3 = ReadRawByte();

+                uint b4 = ReadRawByte();

+                return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24);

+            }

         }

 

         /// <summary>

@@ -908,16 +1099,42 @@
         /// </summary>

         internal ulong ReadRawLittleEndian64()

         {

-            ulong b1 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b2 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b3 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b4 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b5 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b6 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b7 = ReadRawByte();

-            ulong b8 = ReadRawByte();

-            return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24)

-                   | (b5 << 32) | (b6 << 40) | (b7 << 48) | (b8 << 56);

+            if (bufferPos + 8 <= bufferSize)

+            {

+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)

+                {

+                    var result = BitConverter.ToUInt64(buffer, bufferPos);

+                    bufferPos += 8;

+                    return result;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    ulong b1 = buffer[bufferPos];

+                    ulong b2 = buffer[bufferPos + 1];

+                    ulong b3 = buffer[bufferPos + 2];

+                    ulong b4 = buffer[bufferPos + 3];

+                    ulong b5 = buffer[bufferPos + 4];

+                    ulong b6 = buffer[bufferPos + 5];

+                    ulong b7 = buffer[bufferPos + 6];

+                    ulong b8 = buffer[bufferPos + 7];

+                    bufferPos += 8;

+                    return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24)

+                           | (b5 << 32) | (b6 << 40) | (b7 << 48) | (b8 << 56);

+                }

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                ulong b1 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b2 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b3 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b4 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b5 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b6 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b7 = ReadRawByte();

+                ulong b8 = ReadRawByte();

+                return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24)

+                       | (b5 << 32) | (b6 << 40) | (b7 << 48) | (b8 << 56);

+            }

         }

 

         /// <summary>

@@ -1301,6 +1518,6 @@
                 }

             }

         }

-        #endregion

+#endregion

     }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs
index ebd00b7..7689964 100644
--- a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs
+++ b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
         {
             var nestedCodec = WrapperCodecs.GetCodec<T>();
             return new FieldCodec<T?>(
-                input => WrapperCodecs.Read<T>(input, nestedCodec),
+                WrapperCodecs.GetReader<T>(),
                 (output, value) => WrapperCodecs.Write<T>(output, value.Value, nestedCodec),
                 (CodedInputStream i, ref T? v) => v = WrapperCodecs.Read<T>(i, nestedCodec),
                 (ref T? v, T? v2) => { if (v2.HasValue) { v = v2; } return v.HasValue; },
@@ -539,6 +539,22 @@
                 { typeof(ByteString), ForBytes(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited)) }
             };
 
+            private static readonly Dictionary<System.Type, Func<object>> Readers = new Dictionary<System.Type, Func<object>>
+            {
+                // TODO: Provide more optimized readers.
+                { typeof(bool), null },
+                { typeof(int), null },
+                { typeof(long), () => (Func<CodedInputStream, long?>)CodedInputStream.ReadInt64Wrapper },
+                { typeof(uint), null },
+                { typeof(ulong), null },
+                { typeof(float), null },
+                { typeof(double), () => BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ?
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, double?>)CodedInputStream.ReadDoubleWrapperLittleEndian :
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, double?>)CodedInputStream.ReadDoubleWrapperBigEndian },
+                { typeof(string), null },
+                { typeof(ByteString), null },
+            };
+
             /// <summary>
             /// Returns a field codec which effectively wraps a value of type T in a message.
             ///
@@ -553,6 +569,23 @@
                 return (FieldCodec<T>) value;
             }
 
+            internal static Func<CodedInputStream, T?> GetReader<T>() where T : struct
+            {
+                Func<object> value;
+                if (!Readers.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out value))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid type argument requested for wrapper reader: " + typeof(T));
+                }
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    // Return default unoptimized reader for the wrapper type.
+                    var nestedCoded = GetCodec<T>();
+                    return input => Read<T>(input, nestedCoded);
+                }
+                // Return optimized read for the wrapper type.
+                return (Func<CodedInputStream, T?>)value();
+            }
+
             internal static T Read<T>(CodedInputStream input, FieldCodec<T> codec)
             {
                 int length = input.ReadLength();
diff --git a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs
index c5ffe9b..03e5c24 100644
--- a/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs
+++ b/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs
@@ -136,5 +136,20 @@
         {

             return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Message was missing required fields");

         }

-}

+

+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidWrapperMessageLength()

+        {

+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Wrapper type message length is incorrect.");

+        }

+

+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidWrapperMessageTag()

+        {

+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Wrapper type message tag is incorrect.");

+        }

+

+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidWrapperMessageExtraFields()

+        {

+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Wrapper type message contains invalid extra field(s).");

+        }

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file