shell/common/shell.cc

// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1
#include "flutter/shell/common/shell.h"

#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

#include "flutter/assets/directory_asset_bundle.h"
#include "flutter/common/graphics/persistent_cache.h"
#include "flutter/fml/file.h"
#include "flutter/fml/icu_util.h"
#include "flutter/fml/log_settings.h"
#include "flutter/fml/logging.h"
#include "flutter/fml/make_copyable.h"
#include "flutter/fml/message_loop.h"
#include "flutter/fml/paths.h"
#include "flutter/fml/trace_event.h"
#include "flutter/fml/unique_fd.h"
#include "flutter/runtime/dart_vm.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/engine.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/skia_event_tracer_impl.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/switches.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/vsync_waiter.h"
#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
#include "third_party/dart/runtime/include/dart_tools_api.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkGraphics.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/utils/SkBase64.h"
#include "third_party/tonic/common/log.h"

namespace flutter {

constexpr char kSkiaChannel[] = "flutter/skia";
constexpr char kSystemChannel[] = "flutter/system";
constexpr char kTypeKey[] = "type";
constexpr char kFontChange[] = "fontsChange";

namespace {

std::unique_ptr<Engine> CreateEngine(
    Engine::Delegate& delegate,
    const PointerDataDispatcherMaker& dispatcher_maker,
    DartVM& vm,
    fml::RefPtr<const DartSnapshot> isolate_snapshot,
    TaskRunners task_runners,
    const PlatformData& platform_data,
    Settings settings,
    std::unique_ptr<Animator> animator,
    fml::WeakPtr<IOManager> io_manager,
    fml::RefPtr<SkiaUnrefQueue> unref_queue,
    fml::WeakPtr<SnapshotDelegate> snapshot_delegate,
    std::shared_ptr<VolatilePathTracker> volatile_path_tracker) {
  return std::make_unique<Engine>(delegate,             //
                                  dispatcher_maker,     //
                                  vm,                   //
                                  isolate_snapshot,     //
                                  task_runners,         //
                                  platform_data,        //
                                  settings,             //
                                  std::move(animator),  //
                                  io_manager,           //
                                  unref_queue,          //
                                  snapshot_delegate,    //
                                  volatile_path_tracker);
}

// Though there can be multiple shells, some settings apply to all components in
// the process. These have to be set up before the shell or any of its
// sub-components can be initialized. In a perfect world, this would be empty.
// TODO(chinmaygarde): The unfortunate side effect of this call is that settings
// that cause shell initialization failures will still lead to some of their
// settings being applied.
void PerformInitializationTasks(Settings& settings) {
  {
    fml::LogSettings log_settings;
    log_settings.min_log_level =
        settings.verbose_logging ? fml::LOG_INFO : fml::LOG_ERROR;
    fml::SetLogSettings(log_settings);
  }

  static std::once_flag gShellSettingsInitialization = {};
  std::call_once(gShellSettingsInitialization, [&settings] {
    if (settings.engine_start_timestamp.count() == 0) {
      settings.engine_start_timestamp =
          std::chrono::microseconds(Dart_TimelineGetMicros());
    }

    tonic::SetLogHandler(
        [](const char* message) { FML_LOG(ERROR) << message; });

    if (settings.trace_skia) {
      InitSkiaEventTracer(settings.trace_skia, settings.trace_skia_allowlist);
    }

    if (!settings.trace_allowlist.empty()) {
      fml::tracing::TraceSetAllowlist(settings.trace_allowlist);
    }

    if (!settings.skia_deterministic_rendering_on_cpu) {
      SkGraphics::Init();
    } else {
      FML_DLOG(INFO) << "Skia deterministic rendering is enabled.";
    }

    if (settings.icu_initialization_required) {
      if (settings.icu_data_path.size() != 0) {
        fml::icu::InitializeICU(settings.icu_data_path);
      } else if (settings.icu_mapper) {
        fml::icu::InitializeICUFromMapping(settings.icu_mapper());
      } else {
        FML_DLOG(WARNING) << "Skipping ICU initialization in the shell.";
      }
    }
  });

  PersistentCache::SetCacheSkSL(settings.cache_sksl);
}

}  // namespace

std::unique_ptr<Shell> Shell::Create(
    const PlatformData& platform_data,
    TaskRunners task_runners,
    Settings settings,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<PlatformView>& on_create_platform_view,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<Rasterizer>& on_create_rasterizer,
    bool is_gpu_disabled) {
  // This must come first as it initializes tracing.
  PerformInitializationTasks(settings);

  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::Create");

  // Always use the `vm_snapshot` and `isolate_snapshot` provided by the
  // settings to launch the VM.  If the VM is already running, the snapshot
  // arguments are ignored.
  auto vm_snapshot = DartSnapshot::VMSnapshotFromSettings(settings);
  auto isolate_snapshot = DartSnapshot::IsolateSnapshotFromSettings(settings);
  auto vm = DartVMRef::Create(settings, vm_snapshot, isolate_snapshot);
  FML_CHECK(vm) << "Must be able to initialize the VM.";

  // If the settings did not specify an `isolate_snapshot`, fall back to the
  // one the VM was launched with.
  if (!isolate_snapshot) {
    isolate_snapshot = vm->GetVMData()->GetIsolateSnapshot();
  }
  return CreateWithSnapshot(std::move(platform_data),            //
                            std::move(task_runners),             //
                            std::move(settings),                 //
                            std::move(vm),                       //
                            std::move(isolate_snapshot),         //
                            std::move(on_create_platform_view),  //
                            std::move(on_create_rasterizer),     //
                            CreateEngine, is_gpu_disabled);
}

std::unique_ptr<Shell> Shell::CreateShellOnPlatformThread(
    DartVMRef vm,
    TaskRunners task_runners,
    const PlatformData& platform_data,
    Settings settings,
    fml::RefPtr<const DartSnapshot> isolate_snapshot,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<PlatformView>& on_create_platform_view,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<Rasterizer>& on_create_rasterizer,
    const Shell::EngineCreateCallback& on_create_engine,
    bool is_gpu_disabled) {
  if (!task_runners.IsValid()) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Task runners to run the shell were invalid.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto shell = std::unique_ptr<Shell>(
      new Shell(std::move(vm), task_runners, settings,
                std::make_shared<VolatilePathTracker>(
                    task_runners.GetUITaskRunner(),
                    !settings.skia_deterministic_rendering_on_cpu),
                is_gpu_disabled));

  // Create the rasterizer on the raster thread.
  std::promise<std::unique_ptr<Rasterizer>> rasterizer_promise;
  auto rasterizer_future = rasterizer_promise.get_future();
  std::promise<fml::WeakPtr<SnapshotDelegate>> snapshot_delegate_promise;
  auto snapshot_delegate_future = snapshot_delegate_promise.get_future();
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners.GetRasterTaskRunner(), [&rasterizer_promise,  //
                                           &snapshot_delegate_promise,
                                           on_create_rasterizer,  //
                                           shell = shell.get()    //
  ]() {
        TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "ShellSetupGPUSubsystem");
        std::unique_ptr<Rasterizer> rasterizer(on_create_rasterizer(*shell));
        snapshot_delegate_promise.set_value(rasterizer->GetSnapshotDelegate());
        rasterizer_promise.set_value(std::move(rasterizer));
      });

  // Create the platform view on the platform thread (this thread).
  auto platform_view = on_create_platform_view(*shell.get());
  if (!platform_view || !platform_view->GetWeakPtr()) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Ask the platform view for the vsync waiter. This will be used by the engine
  // to create the animator.
  auto vsync_waiter = platform_view->CreateVSyncWaiter();
  if (!vsync_waiter) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Create the IO manager on the IO thread. The IO manager must be initialized
  // first because it has state that the other subsystems depend on. It must
  // first be booted and the necessary references obtained to initialize the
  // other subsystems.
  std::promise<std::unique_ptr<ShellIOManager>> io_manager_promise;
  auto io_manager_future = io_manager_promise.get_future();
  std::promise<fml::WeakPtr<ShellIOManager>> weak_io_manager_promise;
  auto weak_io_manager_future = weak_io_manager_promise.get_future();
  std::promise<fml::RefPtr<SkiaUnrefQueue>> unref_queue_promise;
  auto unref_queue_future = unref_queue_promise.get_future();
  auto io_task_runner = shell->GetTaskRunners().GetIOTaskRunner();

  // TODO(gw280): The WeakPtr here asserts that we are derefing it on the
  // same thread as it was created on. We are currently on the IO thread
  // inside this lambda but we need to deref the PlatformView, which was
  // constructed on the platform thread.
  //
  // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/42948
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      io_task_runner,
      [&io_manager_promise,                                               //
       &weak_io_manager_promise,                                          //
       &unref_queue_promise,                                              //
       platform_view = platform_view->GetWeakPtr(),                       //
       io_task_runner,                                                    //
       is_backgrounded_sync_switch = shell->GetIsGpuDisabledSyncSwitch()  //
  ]() {
        TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "ShellSetupIOSubsystem");
        auto io_manager = std::make_unique<ShellIOManager>(
            platform_view.getUnsafe()->CreateResourceContext(),
            is_backgrounded_sync_switch, io_task_runner);
        weak_io_manager_promise.set_value(io_manager->GetWeakPtr());
        unref_queue_promise.set_value(io_manager->GetSkiaUnrefQueue());
        io_manager_promise.set_value(std::move(io_manager));
      });

  // Send dispatcher_maker to the engine constructor because shell won't have
  // platform_view set until Shell::Setup is called later.
  auto dispatcher_maker = platform_view->GetDispatcherMaker();

  // Create the engine on the UI thread.
  std::promise<std::unique_ptr<Engine>> engine_promise;
  auto engine_future = engine_promise.get_future();
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      shell->GetTaskRunners().GetUITaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable([&engine_promise,                                 //
                         shell = shell.get(),                             //
                         &dispatcher_maker,                               //
                         &platform_data,                                  //
                         isolate_snapshot = std::move(isolate_snapshot),  //
                         vsync_waiter = std::move(vsync_waiter),          //
                         &weak_io_manager_future,                         //
                         &snapshot_delegate_future,                       //
                         &unref_queue_future,                             //
                         &on_create_engine]() mutable {
        TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "ShellSetupUISubsystem");
        const auto& task_runners = shell->GetTaskRunners();

        // The animator is owned by the UI thread but it gets its vsync pulses
        // from the platform.
        auto animator = std::make_unique<Animator>(*shell, task_runners,
                                                   std::move(vsync_waiter));

        engine_promise.set_value(
            on_create_engine(*shell,                          //
                             dispatcher_maker,                //
                             *shell->GetDartVM(),             //
                             std::move(isolate_snapshot),     //
                             task_runners,                    //
                             platform_data,                   //
                             shell->GetSettings(),            //
                             std::move(animator),             //
                             weak_io_manager_future.get(),    //
                             unref_queue_future.get(),        //
                             snapshot_delegate_future.get(),  //
                             shell->volatile_path_tracker_));
      }));

  if (!shell->Setup(std::move(platform_view),  //
                    engine_future.get(),       //
                    rasterizer_future.get(),   //
                    io_manager_future.get())   //
  ) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  return shell;
}

std::unique_ptr<Shell> Shell::CreateWithSnapshot(
    const PlatformData& platform_data,
    TaskRunners task_runners,
    Settings settings,
    DartVMRef vm,
    fml::RefPtr<const DartSnapshot> isolate_snapshot,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<PlatformView>& on_create_platform_view,
    const Shell::CreateCallback<Rasterizer>& on_create_rasterizer,
    const Shell::EngineCreateCallback& on_create_engine,
    bool is_gpu_disabled) {
  // This must come first as it initializes tracing.
  PerformInitializationTasks(settings);

  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::CreateWithSnapshot");

  const bool callbacks_valid =
      on_create_platform_view && on_create_rasterizer && on_create_engine;
  if (!task_runners.IsValid() || !callbacks_valid) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;
  std::unique_ptr<Shell> shell;
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners.GetPlatformTaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable(
          [&latch,                                                        //
           &shell,                                                        //
           task_runners = std::move(task_runners),                        //
           platform_data = std::move(platform_data),                      //
           settings = std::move(settings),                                //
           vm = std::move(vm),                                            //
           isolate_snapshot = std::move(isolate_snapshot),                //
           on_create_platform_view = std::move(on_create_platform_view),  //
           on_create_rasterizer = std::move(on_create_rasterizer),        //
           on_create_engine = std::move(on_create_engine),
           is_gpu_disabled]() mutable {
            shell = CreateShellOnPlatformThread(
                std::move(vm),                       //
                std::move(task_runners),             //
                std::move(platform_data),            //
                std::move(settings),                 //
                std::move(isolate_snapshot),         //
                std::move(on_create_platform_view),  //
                std::move(on_create_rasterizer),     //
                std::move(on_create_engine), is_gpu_disabled);
            latch.Signal();
          }));
  latch.Wait();
  return shell;
}

Shell::Shell(DartVMRef vm,
             TaskRunners task_runners,
             Settings settings,
             std::shared_ptr<VolatilePathTracker> volatile_path_tracker,
             bool is_gpu_disabled)
    : task_runners_(std::move(task_runners)),
      settings_(std::move(settings)),
      vm_(std::move(vm)),
      is_gpu_disabled_sync_switch_(new fml::SyncSwitch(is_gpu_disabled)),
      volatile_path_tracker_(std::move(volatile_path_tracker)),
      weak_factory_gpu_(nullptr),
      weak_factory_(this) {
  FML_CHECK(vm_) << "Must have access to VM to create a shell.";
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.IsValid());
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  display_manager_ = std::make_unique<DisplayManager>();

  // Generate a WeakPtrFactory for use with the raster thread. This does not
  // need to wait on a latch because it can only ever be used from the raster
  // thread from this class, so we have ordering guarantees.
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(), fml::MakeCopyable([this]() mutable {
        this->weak_factory_gpu_ =
            std::make_unique<fml::TaskRunnerAffineWeakPtrFactory<Shell>>(this);
      }));

  // Install service protocol handlers.

  service_protocol_handlers_[ServiceProtocol::kScreenshotExtensionName] = {
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),
      std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolScreenshot, this,
                std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_[ServiceProtocol::kScreenshotSkpExtensionName] = {
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),
      std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolScreenshotSKP, this,
                std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_[ServiceProtocol::kRunInViewExtensionName] = {
      task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
      std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolRunInView, this, std::placeholders::_1,
                std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_
      [ServiceProtocol::kFlushUIThreadTasksExtensionName] = {
          task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
          std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolFlushUIThreadTasks, this,
                    std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_
      [ServiceProtocol::kSetAssetBundlePathExtensionName] = {
          task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
          std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolSetAssetBundlePath, this,
                    std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_
      [ServiceProtocol::kGetDisplayRefreshRateExtensionName] = {
          task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
          std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolGetDisplayRefreshRate, this,
                    std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_[ServiceProtocol::kGetSkSLsExtensionName] = {
      task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner(),
      std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolGetSkSLs, this, std::placeholders::_1,
                std::placeholders::_2)};
  service_protocol_handlers_
      [ServiceProtocol::kEstimateRasterCacheMemoryExtensionName] = {
          task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),
          std::bind(&Shell::OnServiceProtocolEstimateRasterCacheMemory, this,
                    std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2)};
}

Shell::~Shell() {
  PersistentCache::GetCacheForProcess()->RemoveWorkerTaskRunner(
      task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner());

  vm_->GetServiceProtocol()->RemoveHandler(this);

  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent ui_latch, gpu_latch, platform_latch, io_latch;

  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable([this, &ui_latch]() mutable {
        engine_.reset();
        ui_latch.Signal();
      }));
  ui_latch.Wait();

  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable(
          [this, rasterizer = std::move(rasterizer_), &gpu_latch]() mutable {
            rasterizer.reset();
            this->weak_factory_gpu_.reset();
            gpu_latch.Signal();
          }));
  gpu_latch.Wait();

  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable([io_manager = std::move(io_manager_),
                         platform_view = platform_view_.get(),
                         &io_latch]() mutable {
        io_manager.reset();
        if (platform_view) {
          platform_view->ReleaseResourceContext();
        }
        io_latch.Signal();
      }));

  io_latch.Wait();

  // The platform view must go last because it may be holding onto platform side
  // counterparts to resources owned by subsystems running on other threads. For
  // example, the NSOpenGLContext on the Mac.
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable([platform_view = std::move(platform_view_),
                         &platform_latch]() mutable {
        platform_view.reset();
        platform_latch.Signal();
      }));
  platform_latch.Wait();
}

std::unique_ptr<Shell> Shell::Spawn(
    RunConfiguration run_configuration,
    const CreateCallback<PlatformView>& on_create_platform_view,
    const CreateCallback<Rasterizer>& on_create_rasterizer) const {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.IsValid());
  auto shell_maker = [&](bool is_gpu_disabled) {
    std::unique_ptr<Shell> result(CreateWithSnapshot(
        PlatformData{}, task_runners_, GetSettings(), vm_,
        vm_->GetVMData()->GetIsolateSnapshot(), on_create_platform_view,
        on_create_rasterizer,
        [engine = this->engine_.get()](
            Engine::Delegate& delegate,
            const PointerDataDispatcherMaker& dispatcher_maker, DartVM& vm,
            fml::RefPtr<const DartSnapshot> isolate_snapshot,
            TaskRunners task_runners, const PlatformData& platform_data,
            Settings settings, std::unique_ptr<Animator> animator,
            fml::WeakPtr<IOManager> io_manager,
            fml::RefPtr<SkiaUnrefQueue> unref_queue,
            fml::WeakPtr<SnapshotDelegate> snapshot_delegate,
            std::shared_ptr<VolatilePathTracker> volatile_path_tracker) {
          return engine->Spawn(/*delegate=*/delegate,
                               /*dispatcher_maker=*/dispatcher_maker,
                               /*settings=*/settings,
                               /*animator=*/std::move(animator));
        },
        is_gpu_disabled));
    return result;
  };
  std::unique_ptr<Shell> result;
  GetIsGpuDisabledSyncSwitch()->Execute(
      fml::SyncSwitch::Handlers()
          .SetIfFalse([&] { result = shell_maker(false); })
          .SetIfTrue([&] { result = shell_maker(true); }));
  result->shared_resource_context_ = io_manager_->GetSharedResourceContext();
  result->RunEngine(std::move(run_configuration));

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),
       spawn_rasterizer = result->rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr()]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->BlockThreadMerging();
        }
        if (spawn_rasterizer) {
          spawn_rasterizer->BlockThreadMerging();
        }
      });

  return result;
}

void Shell::NotifyLowMemoryWarning() const {
  auto trace_id = fml::tracing::TraceNonce();
  TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_BEGIN0("flutter", "Shell::NotifyLowMemoryWarning",
                           trace_id);
  // This does not require a current isolate but does require a running VM.
  // Since a valid shell will not be returned to the embedder without a valid
  // DartVMRef, we can be certain that this is a safe spot to assume a VM is
  // running.
  ::Dart_NotifyLowMemory();

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), trace_id = trace_id]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->NotifyLowMemoryWarning();
        }
        TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_END0("flutter", "Shell::NotifyLowMemoryWarning",
                               trace_id);
      });
  // The IO Manager uses resource cache limits of 0, so it is not necessary
  // to purge them.
}

void Shell::RunEngine(RunConfiguration run_configuration) {
  RunEngine(std::move(run_configuration), nullptr);
}

void Shell::RunEngine(
    RunConfiguration run_configuration,
    const std::function<void(Engine::RunStatus)>& result_callback) {
  auto result = [platform_runner = task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner(),
                 result_callback](Engine::RunStatus run_result) {
    if (!result_callback) {
      return;
    }
    platform_runner->PostTask(
        [result_callback, run_result]() { result_callback(run_result); });
  };
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
      fml::MakeCopyable(
          [run_configuration = std::move(run_configuration),
           weak_engine = weak_engine_, result]() mutable {
            if (!weak_engine) {
              FML_LOG(ERROR)
                  << "Could not launch engine with configuration - no engine.";
              result(Engine::RunStatus::Failure);
              return;
            }
            auto run_result = weak_engine->Run(std::move(run_configuration));
            if (run_result == flutter::Engine::RunStatus::Failure) {
              FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not launch engine with configuration.";
            }
            result(run_result);
          }));
}

std::optional<DartErrorCode> Shell::GetUIIsolateLastError() const {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (!weak_engine_) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }
  switch (weak_engine_->GetUIIsolateLastError()) {
    case tonic::kCompilationErrorType:
      return DartErrorCode::CompilationError;
    case tonic::kApiErrorType:
      return DartErrorCode::ApiError;
    case tonic::kUnknownErrorType:
      return DartErrorCode::UnknownError;
    case tonic::kNoError:
      return DartErrorCode::NoError;
  }
  return DartErrorCode::UnknownError;
}

bool Shell::EngineHasLivePorts() const {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (!weak_engine_) {
    return false;
  }

  return weak_engine_->UIIsolateHasLivePorts();
}

bool Shell::IsSetup() const {
  return is_setup_;
}

bool Shell::Setup(std::unique_ptr<PlatformView> platform_view,
                  std::unique_ptr<Engine> engine,
                  std::unique_ptr<Rasterizer> rasterizer,
                  std::unique_ptr<ShellIOManager> io_manager) {
  if (is_setup_) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!platform_view || !engine || !rasterizer || !io_manager) {
    return false;
  }

  platform_view_ = std::move(platform_view);
  engine_ = std::move(engine);
  rasterizer_ = std::move(rasterizer);
  io_manager_ = std::move(io_manager);

  // Set the external view embedder for the rasterizer.
  auto view_embedder = platform_view_->CreateExternalViewEmbedder();
  rasterizer_->SetExternalViewEmbedder(view_embedder);

  // The weak ptr must be generated in the platform thread which owns the unique
  // ptr.
  weak_engine_ = engine_->GetWeakPtr();
  weak_rasterizer_ = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr();
  weak_platform_view_ = platform_view_->GetWeakPtr();

  // Setup the time-consuming default font manager right after engine created.
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(),
                                    [engine = weak_engine_] {
                                      if (engine) {
                                        engine->SetupDefaultFontManager();
                                      }
                                    });

  is_setup_ = true;

  PersistentCache::GetCacheForProcess()->AddWorkerTaskRunner(
      task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner());

  PersistentCache::GetCacheForProcess()->SetIsDumpingSkp(
      settings_.dump_skp_on_shader_compilation);

  if (settings_.purge_persistent_cache) {
    PersistentCache::GetCacheForProcess()->Purge();
  }

  return true;
}

const Settings& Shell::GetSettings() const {
  return settings_;
}

const TaskRunners& Shell::GetTaskRunners() const {
  return task_runners_;
}

fml::TaskRunnerAffineWeakPtr<Rasterizer> Shell::GetRasterizer() const {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  return weak_rasterizer_;
}

fml::WeakPtr<Engine> Shell::GetEngine() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  return weak_engine_;
}

fml::WeakPtr<PlatformView> Shell::GetPlatformView() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  return weak_platform_view_;
}

fml::WeakPtr<ShellIOManager> Shell::GetIOManager() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  return io_manager_->GetWeakPtr();
}

DartVM* Shell::GetDartVM() {
  return &vm_;
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewCreated(std::unique_ptr<Surface> surface) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::OnPlatformViewCreated");
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  // Prevent any request to change the thread configuration for raster and
  // platform queues while the platform view is being created.
  //
  // This prevents false positives such as this method starts assuming that the
  // raster and platform queues have a given thread configuration, but then the
  // configuration is changed by a task, and the asumption is not longer true.
  //
  // This incorrect assumption can lead to dead lock.
  // See `should_post_raster_task` for more.
  rasterizer_->DisableThreadMergerIfNeeded();

  // The normal flow executed by this method is that the platform thread is
  // starting the sequence and waiting on the latch. Later the UI thread posts
  // raster_task to the raster thread which signals the latch. If the raster and
  // the platform threads are the same this results in a deadlock as the
  // raster_task will never be posted to the plaform/raster thread that is
  // blocked on a latch. To avoid the described deadlock, if the raster and the
  // platform threads are the same, should_post_raster_task will be false, and
  // then instead of posting a task to the raster thread, the ui thread just
  // signals the latch and the platform/raster thread follows with executing
  // raster_task.
  const bool should_post_raster_task =
      !task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread();

  // Note:
  // This is a synchronous operation because certain platforms depend on
  // setup/suspension of all activities that may be interacting with the GPU in
  // a synchronous fashion.
  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;
  auto raster_task =
      fml::MakeCopyable([&waiting_for_first_frame = waiting_for_first_frame_,
                         rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),  //
                         surface = std::move(surface),            //
                         &latch]() mutable {
        if (rasterizer) {
          // Enables the thread merger which may be used by the external view
          // embedder.
          rasterizer->EnableThreadMergerIfNeeded();
          rasterizer->Setup(std::move(surface));
        }

        waiting_for_first_frame.store(true);

        // Step 3: All done. Signal the latch that the platform thread is
        // waiting on.
        latch.Signal();
      });

  auto ui_task = [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(),                            //
                  raster_task_runner = task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),  //
                  raster_task, should_post_raster_task,
                  &latch  //
  ] {
    if (engine) {
      engine->OnOutputSurfaceCreated();
    }
    // Step 2: Next, tell the raster thread that it should create a surface for
    // its rasterizer.
    if (should_post_raster_task) {
      fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(raster_task_runner, raster_task);
    } else {
      // See comment on should_post_raster_task, in this case we just unblock
      // the platform thread.
      latch.Signal();
    }
  };

  // Threading: Capture platform view by raw pointer and not the weak pointer.
  // We are going to use the pointer on the IO thread which is not safe with a
  // weak pointer. However, we are preventing the platform view from being
  // collected by using a latch.
  auto* platform_view = platform_view_.get();

  FML_DCHECK(platform_view);

  auto io_task = [io_manager = io_manager_->GetWeakPtr(), platform_view,
                  ui_task_runner = task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(), ui_task,
                  shared_resource_context = shared_resource_context_] {
    if (io_manager && !io_manager->GetResourceContext()) {
      sk_sp<GrDirectContext> resource_context;
      if (shared_resource_context) {
        resource_context = shared_resource_context;
      } else {
        resource_context = platform_view->CreateResourceContext();
      }
      io_manager->NotifyResourceContextAvailable(resource_context);
    }
    // Step 1: Next, post a task on the UI thread to tell the engine that it has
    // an output surface.
    fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(ui_task_runner, ui_task);
  };

  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner(), io_task);

  latch.Wait();
  if (!should_post_raster_task) {
    // See comment on should_post_raster_task, in this case the raster_task
    // wasn't executed, and we just run it here as the platform thread
    // is the raster thread.
    raster_task();
  }
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewDestroyed() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::OnPlatformViewDestroyed");
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  // Prevent any request to change the thread configuration for raster and
  // platform queues while the platform view is being destroyed.
  //
  // This prevents false positives such as this method starts assuming that the
  // raster and platform queues have a given thread configuration, but then the
  // configuration is changed by a task, and the asumption is not longer true.
  //
  // This incorrect assumption can lead to dead lock.
  // See `should_post_raster_task` for more.
  rasterizer_->DisableThreadMergerIfNeeded();

  // The normal flow executed by this method is that the platform thread is
  // starting the sequence and waiting on the latch. Later the UI thread posts
  // raster_task to the raster thread triggers signaling the latch(on the IO
  // thread). If the raster and the platform threads are the same this results
  // in a deadlock as the raster_task will never be posted to the plaform/raster
  // thread that is blocked on a latch.  To avoid the described deadlock, if the
  // raster and the platform threads are the same, should_post_raster_task will
  // be false, and then instead of posting a task to the raster thread, the ui
  // thread just signals the latch and the platform/raster thread follows with
  // executing raster_task.
  const bool should_post_raster_task =
      !task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread();

  // Note:
  // This is a synchronous operation because certain platforms depend on
  // setup/suspension of all activities that may be interacting with the GPU in
  // a synchronous fashion.

  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;

  auto io_task = [io_manager = io_manager_.get(), &latch]() {
    // Execute any pending Skia object deletions while GPU access is still
    // allowed.
    io_manager->GetIsGpuDisabledSyncSwitch()->Execute(
        fml::SyncSwitch::Handlers().SetIfFalse(
            [&] { io_manager->GetSkiaUnrefQueue()->Drain(); }));
    // Step 3: All done. Signal the latch that the platform thread is waiting
    // on.
    latch.Signal();
  };

  auto raster_task = [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),
                      io_task_runner = task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner(),
                      io_task]() {
    if (rasterizer) {
      // Enables the thread merger which is required prior tearing down the
      // rasterizer. If the raster and platform threads are merged, tearing down
      // the rasterizer unmerges the threads.
      rasterizer->EnableThreadMergerIfNeeded();
      rasterizer->Teardown();
    }
    // Step 2: Next, tell the IO thread to complete its remaining work.
    fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(io_task_runner, io_task);
  };

  auto ui_task = [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(),
                  raster_task_runner = task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(),
                  raster_task, should_post_raster_task, &latch]() {
    if (engine) {
      engine->OnOutputSurfaceDestroyed();
    }
    if (should_post_raster_task) {
      fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(raster_task_runner, raster_task);
    } else {
      // See comment on should_post_raster_task, in this case we just unblock
      // the platform thread.
      latch.Signal();
    }
  };

  // Step 0: Post a task onto the UI thread to tell the engine that its output
  // surface is about to go away.
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner(), ui_task);

  latch.Wait();
  if (!should_post_raster_task) {
    // See comment on should_post_raster_task, in this case the raster_task
    // wasn't executed, and we just run it here as the platform thread
    // is the raster thread.
    raster_task();
    latch.Wait();
  }
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewSetViewportMetrics(const ViewportMetrics& metrics) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (metrics.device_pixel_ratio <= 0 || metrics.physical_width <= 0 ||
      metrics.physical_height <= 0) {
    FML_DLOG(ERROR)
        << "Embedding reported invalid ViewportMetrics, ignoring update."
        << "\nphysical_width: " << metrics.physical_width
        << "\nphysical_height: " << metrics.physical_height
        << "\ndevice_pixel_ratio: " << metrics.device_pixel_ratio;
    return;
  }

  // This is the formula Android uses.
  // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/libs/hwui/renderthread/CacheManager.cpp#41
  size_t max_bytes = metrics.physical_width * metrics.physical_height * 12 * 4;
  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), max_bytes] {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->SetResourceCacheMaxBytes(max_bytes, false);
        }
      });

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), metrics]() {
        if (engine) {
          engine->SetViewportMetrics(metrics);
        }
      });

  {
    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(resize_mutex_);
    expected_frame_size_ =
        SkISize::Make(metrics.physical_width, metrics.physical_height);
  }
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchPlatformMessage(
    std::unique_ptr<PlatformMessage> message) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(fml::MakeCopyable(
      [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), message = std::move(message)]() mutable {
        if (engine) {
          engine->DispatchPlatformMessage(std::move(message));
        }
      }));
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchPointerDataPacket(
    std::unique_ptr<PointerDataPacket> packet) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchPointerDataPacket");
  TRACE_FLOW_BEGIN("flutter", "PointerEvent", next_pointer_flow_id_);
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      fml::MakeCopyable([engine = weak_engine_, packet = std::move(packet),
                         flow_id = next_pointer_flow_id_]() mutable {
        if (engine) {
          engine->DispatchPointerDataPacket(std::move(packet), flow_id);
        }
      }));
  next_pointer_flow_id_++;
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchKeyDataPacket(
    std::unique_ptr<KeyDataPacket> packet,
    std::function<void(bool /* handled */)> callback) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchKeyDataPacket");
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      fml::MakeCopyable([engine = weak_engine_, packet = std::move(packet),
                         callback = std::move(callback)]() mutable {
        if (engine) {
          engine->DispatchKeyDataPacket(std::move(packet), std::move(callback));
        }
      }));
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewDispatchSemanticsAction(int32_t id,
                                                  SemanticsAction action,
                                                  fml::MallocMapping args) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      fml::MakeCopyable([engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), id, action,
                         args = std::move(args)]() mutable {
        if (engine) {
          engine->DispatchSemanticsAction(id, action, std::move(args));
        }
      }));
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewSetSemanticsEnabled(bool enabled) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), enabled] {
        if (engine) {
          engine->SetSemanticsEnabled(enabled);
        }
      });
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewSetAccessibilityFeatures(int32_t flags) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), flags] {
        if (engine) {
          engine->SetAccessibilityFeatures(flags);
        }
      });
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewRegisterTexture(
    std::shared_ptr<flutter::Texture> texture) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), texture] {
        if (rasterizer) {
          if (auto* registry = rasterizer->GetTextureRegistry()) {
            registry->RegisterTexture(texture);
          }
        }
      });
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewUnregisterTexture(int64_t texture_id) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), texture_id]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          if (auto* registry = rasterizer->GetTextureRegistry()) {
            registry->UnregisterTexture(texture_id);
          }
        }
      });
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewMarkTextureFrameAvailable(int64_t texture_id) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  // Tell the rasterizer that one of its textures has a new frame available.
  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), texture_id]() {
        auto* registry = rasterizer->GetTextureRegistry();

        if (!registry) {
          return;
        }

        auto texture = registry->GetTexture(texture_id);

        if (!texture) {
          return;
        }

        texture->MarkNewFrameAvailable();
      });

  // Schedule a new frame without having to rebuild the layer tree.
  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask([engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr()]() {
    if (engine) {
      engine->ScheduleFrame(false);
    }
  });
}

// |PlatformView::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPlatformViewSetNextFrameCallback(const fml::closure& closure) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), closure = closure]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->SetNextFrameCallback(std::move(closure));
        }
      });
}

// |Animator::Delegate|
void Shell::OnAnimatorBeginFrame(fml::TimePoint frame_target_time) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  // record the target time for use by rasterizer.
  {
    std::scoped_lock time_recorder_lock(time_recorder_mutex_);
    latest_frame_target_time_.emplace(frame_target_time);
  }
  if (engine_) {
    engine_->BeginFrame(frame_target_time);
  }
}

// |Animator::Delegate|
void Shell::OnAnimatorNotifyIdle(int64_t deadline) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (engine_) {
    engine_->NotifyIdle(deadline);
    volatile_path_tracker_->OnFrame();
  }
}

// |Animator::Delegate|
void Shell::OnAnimatorDraw(
    std::shared_ptr<Pipeline<flutter::LayerTree>> pipeline,
    std::unique_ptr<FrameTimingsRecorder> frame_timings_recorder) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);

  // record the target time for use by rasterizer.
  {
    std::scoped_lock time_recorder_lock(time_recorder_mutex_);
    const fml::TimePoint frame_target_time =
        frame_timings_recorder->GetVsyncTargetTime();
    if (!latest_frame_target_time_) {
      latest_frame_target_time_ = frame_target_time;
    } else if (latest_frame_target_time_ < frame_target_time) {
      latest_frame_target_time_ = frame_target_time;
    }
  }

  auto discard_callback = [this](flutter::LayerTree& tree) {
    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(resize_mutex_);
    return !expected_frame_size_.isEmpty() &&
           tree.frame_size() != expected_frame_size_;
  };

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(fml::MakeCopyable(
      [&waiting_for_first_frame = waiting_for_first_frame_,
       &waiting_for_first_frame_condition = waiting_for_first_frame_condition_,
       rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),
       weak_pipeline = std::weak_ptr<Pipeline<LayerTree>>(pipeline),
       discard_callback = std::move(discard_callback),
       frame_timings_recorder = std::move(frame_timings_recorder)]() mutable {
        if (rasterizer) {
          std::shared_ptr<Pipeline<LayerTree>> pipeline = weak_pipeline.lock();
          if (pipeline) {
            rasterizer->Draw(std::move(frame_timings_recorder),
                             std::move(pipeline), std::move(discard_callback));
          }

          if (waiting_for_first_frame.load()) {
            waiting_for_first_frame.store(false);
            waiting_for_first_frame_condition.notify_all();
          }
        }
      }));
}

// |Animator::Delegate|
void Shell::OnAnimatorDrawLastLayerTree(
    std::unique_ptr<FrameTimingsRecorder> frame_timings_recorder) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);

  auto task = fml::MakeCopyable(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),
       frame_timings_recorder = std::move(frame_timings_recorder)]() mutable {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->DrawLastLayerTree(std::move(frame_timings_recorder));
        }
      });

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(task);
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::OnEngineUpdateSemantics(SemanticsNodeUpdates update,
                                    CustomAccessibilityActionUpdates actions) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [view = platform_view_->GetWeakPtr(), update = std::move(update),
       actions = std::move(actions)] {
        if (view) {
          view->UpdateSemantics(std::move(update), std::move(actions));
        }
      });
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::OnEngineHandlePlatformMessage(
    std::unique_ptr<PlatformMessage> message) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (message->channel() == kSkiaChannel) {
    HandleEngineSkiaMessage(std::move(message));
    return;
  }

  task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      fml::MakeCopyable([view = platform_view_->GetWeakPtr(),
                         message = std::move(message)]() mutable {
        if (view) {
          view->HandlePlatformMessage(std::move(message));
        }
      }));
}

void Shell::HandleEngineSkiaMessage(std::unique_ptr<PlatformMessage> message) {
  const auto& data = message->data();

  rapidjson::Document document;
  document.Parse(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.GetMapping()),
                 data.GetSize());
  if (document.HasParseError() || !document.IsObject())
    return;
  auto root = document.GetObject();
  auto method = root.FindMember("method");
  if (method->value != "Skia.setResourceCacheMaxBytes")
    return;
  auto args = root.FindMember("args");
  if (args == root.MemberEnd() || !args->value.IsInt())
    return;

  task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(), max_bytes = args->value.GetInt(),
       response = std::move(message->response())] {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->SetResourceCacheMaxBytes(static_cast<size_t>(max_bytes),
                                               true);
        }
        if (response) {
          // The framework side expects this to be valid json encoded as a list.
          // Return `[true]` to signal success.
          std::vector<uint8_t> data = {'[', 't', 'r', 'u', 'e', ']'};
          response->Complete(
              std::make_unique<fml::DataMapping>(std::move(data)));
        }
      });
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::OnPreEngineRestart() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner(),
      [view = platform_view_->GetWeakPtr(), &latch]() {
        if (view) {
          view->OnPreEngineRestart();
        }
        latch.Signal();
      });
  // This is blocking as any embedded platform views has to be flushed before
  // we re-run the Dart code.
  latch.Wait();
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::OnRootIsolateCreated() {
  if (is_added_to_service_protocol_) {
    return;
  }
  auto description = GetServiceProtocolDescription();
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner(),
      [self = weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr(),
       description = std::move(description)]() {
        if (self) {
          self->vm_->GetServiceProtocol()->AddHandler(self.get(), description);
        }
      });
  is_added_to_service_protocol_ = true;
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::UpdateIsolateDescription(const std::string isolate_name,
                                     int64_t isolate_port) {
  Handler::Description description(isolate_port, isolate_name);
  vm_->GetServiceProtocol()->SetHandlerDescription(this, description);
}

void Shell::SetNeedsReportTimings(bool value) {
  needs_report_timings_ = value;
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> Shell::ComputePlatformResolvedLocale(
    const std::vector<std::string>& supported_locale_data) {
  return platform_view_->ComputePlatformResolvedLocales(supported_locale_data);
}

void Shell::LoadDartDeferredLibrary(
    intptr_t loading_unit_id,
    std::unique_ptr<const fml::Mapping> snapshot_data,
    std::unique_ptr<const fml::Mapping> snapshot_instructions) {
  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask(fml::MakeCopyable(
      [engine = engine_->GetWeakPtr(), loading_unit_id,
       data = std::move(snapshot_data),
       instructions = std::move(snapshot_instructions)]() mutable {
        if (engine) {
          engine->LoadDartDeferredLibrary(loading_unit_id, std::move(data),
                                          std::move(instructions));
        }
      }));
}

void Shell::LoadDartDeferredLibraryError(intptr_t loading_unit_id,
                                         const std::string error_message,
                                         bool transient) {
  engine_->LoadDartDeferredLibraryError(loading_unit_id, error_message,
                                        transient);
}

void Shell::UpdateAssetResolverByType(
    std::unique_ptr<AssetResolver> updated_asset_resolver,
    AssetResolver::AssetResolverType type) {
  engine_->GetAssetManager()->UpdateResolverByType(
      std::move(updated_asset_resolver), type);
}

// |Engine::Delegate|
void Shell::RequestDartDeferredLibrary(intptr_t loading_unit_id) {
  task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [view = platform_view_->GetWeakPtr(), loading_unit_id] {
        if (view) {
          view->RequestDartDeferredLibrary(loading_unit_id);
        }
      });
}

void Shell::ReportTimings() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  auto timings = std::move(unreported_timings_);
  unreported_timings_ = {};
  task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->PostTask([timings, engine = weak_engine_] {
    if (engine) {
      engine->ReportTimings(std::move(timings));
    }
  });
}

size_t Shell::UnreportedFramesCount() const {
  // Check that this is running on the raster thread to avoid race conditions.
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  FML_DCHECK(unreported_timings_.size() % (FrameTiming::kCount + 1) == 0);
  return unreported_timings_.size() / (FrameTiming::kCount + 1);
}

void Shell::OnFrameRasterized(const FrameTiming& timing) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  // The C++ callback defined in settings.h and set by Flutter runner. This is
  // independent of the timings report to the Dart side.
  if (settings_.frame_rasterized_callback) {
    settings_.frame_rasterized_callback(timing);
  }

  if (!needs_report_timings_) {
    return;
  }

  for (auto phase : FrameTiming::kPhases) {
    unreported_timings_.push_back(
        timing.Get(phase).ToEpochDelta().ToMicroseconds());
  }
  unreported_timings_.push_back(timing.GetFrameNumber());

  // In tests using iPhone 6S with profile mode, sending a batch of 1 frame or a
  // batch of 100 frames have roughly the same cost of less than 0.1ms. Sending
  // a batch of 500 frames costs about 0.2ms. The 1 second threshold usually
  // kicks in before we reaching the following 100 frames threshold. The 100
  // threshold here is mainly for unit tests (so we don't have to write a
  // 1-second unit test), and make sure that our vector won't grow too big with
  // future 120fps, 240fps, or 1000fps displays.
  //
  // In the profile/debug mode, the timings are used by development tools which
  // require a latency of no more than 100ms. Hence we lower that 1-second
  // threshold to 100ms because performance overhead isn't that critical in
  // those cases.
  if (!first_frame_rasterized_ || UnreportedFramesCount() >= 100) {
    first_frame_rasterized_ = true;
    ReportTimings();
  } else if (!frame_timings_report_scheduled_) {
#if FLUTTER_RELEASE
    constexpr int kBatchTimeInMilliseconds = 1000;
#else
    constexpr int kBatchTimeInMilliseconds = 100;
#endif

    // Also make sure that frame times get reported with a max latency of 1
    // second. Otherwise, the timings of last few frames of an animation may
    // never be reported until the next animation starts.
    frame_timings_report_scheduled_ = true;
    task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->PostDelayedTask(
        [self = weak_factory_gpu_->GetWeakPtr()]() {
          if (!self) {
            return;
          }
          self->frame_timings_report_scheduled_ = false;
          if (self->UnreportedFramesCount() > 0) {
            self->ReportTimings();
          }
        },
        fml::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(kBatchTimeInMilliseconds));
  }
}

fml::Milliseconds Shell::GetFrameBudget() {
  double display_refresh_rate = display_manager_->GetMainDisplayRefreshRate();
  if (display_refresh_rate > 0) {
    return fml::RefreshRateToFrameBudget(display_refresh_rate);
  } else {
    return fml::kDefaultFrameBudget;
  }
}

fml::TimePoint Shell::GetLatestFrameTargetTime() const {
  std::scoped_lock time_recorder_lock(time_recorder_mutex_);
  FML_CHECK(latest_frame_target_time_.has_value())
      << "GetLatestFrameTargetTime called before OnAnimatorBeginFrame";
  return latest_frame_target_time_.value();
}

// |ServiceProtocol::Handler|
fml::RefPtr<fml::TaskRunner> Shell::GetServiceProtocolHandlerTaskRunner(
    std::string_view method) const {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  auto found = service_protocol_handlers_.find(method);
  if (found != service_protocol_handlers_.end()) {
    return found->second.first;
  }
  return task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner();
}

// |ServiceProtocol::Handler|
bool Shell::HandleServiceProtocolMessage(
    std::string_view method,  // one if the extension names specified above.
    const ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  auto found = service_protocol_handlers_.find(method);
  if (found != service_protocol_handlers_.end()) {
    return found->second.second(params, response);
  }
  return false;
}

// |ServiceProtocol::Handler|
ServiceProtocol::Handler::Description Shell::GetServiceProtocolDescription()
    const {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (!weak_engine_) {
    return ServiceProtocol::Handler::Description();
  }

  return {
      weak_engine_->GetUIIsolateMainPort(),
      weak_engine_->GetUIIsolateName(),
  };
}

static void ServiceProtocolParameterError(rapidjson::Document* response,
                                          std::string error_details) {
  auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
  response->SetObject();
  const int64_t kInvalidParams = -32602;
  response->AddMember("code", kInvalidParams, allocator);
  response->AddMember("message", "Invalid params", allocator);
  {
    rapidjson::Value details(rapidjson::kObjectType);
    details.AddMember("details", error_details, allocator);
    response->AddMember("data", details, allocator);
  }
}

static void ServiceProtocolFailureError(rapidjson::Document* response,
                                        std::string message) {
  auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
  response->SetObject();
  const int64_t kJsonServerError = -32000;
  response->AddMember("code", kJsonServerError, allocator);
  response->AddMember("message", message, allocator);
}

// Service protocol handler
bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolScreenshot(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  auto screenshot = rasterizer_->ScreenshotLastLayerTree(
      Rasterizer::ScreenshotType::CompressedImage, true);
  if (screenshot.data) {
    response->SetObject();
    auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
    response->AddMember("type", "Screenshot", allocator);
    rapidjson::Value image;
    image.SetString(static_cast<const char*>(screenshot.data->data()),
                    screenshot.data->size(), allocator);
    response->AddMember("screenshot", image, allocator);
    return true;
  }
  ServiceProtocolFailureError(response, "Could not capture image screenshot.");
  return false;
}

// Service protocol handler
bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolScreenshotSKP(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  auto screenshot = rasterizer_->ScreenshotLastLayerTree(
      Rasterizer::ScreenshotType::SkiaPicture, true);
  if (screenshot.data) {
    response->SetObject();
    auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
    response->AddMember("type", "ScreenshotSkp", allocator);
    rapidjson::Value skp;
    skp.SetString(static_cast<const char*>(screenshot.data->data()),
                  screenshot.data->size(), allocator);
    response->AddMember("skp", skp, allocator);
    return true;
  }
  ServiceProtocolFailureError(response, "Could not capture SKP screenshot.");
  return false;
}

// Service protocol handler
bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolRunInView(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (params.count("mainScript") == 0) {
    ServiceProtocolParameterError(response,
                                  "'mainScript' parameter is missing.");
    return false;
  }

  if (params.count("assetDirectory") == 0) {
    ServiceProtocolParameterError(response,
                                  "'assetDirectory' parameter is missing.");
    return false;
  }

  std::string main_script_path =
      fml::paths::FromURI(params.at("mainScript").data());
  std::string asset_directory_path =
      fml::paths::FromURI(params.at("assetDirectory").data());

  auto main_script_file_mapping =
      std::make_unique<fml::FileMapping>(fml::OpenFile(
          main_script_path.c_str(), false, fml::FilePermission::kRead));

  auto isolate_configuration = IsolateConfiguration::CreateForKernel(
      std::move(main_script_file_mapping));

  RunConfiguration configuration(std::move(isolate_configuration));

  configuration.SetEntrypointAndLibrary(engine_->GetLastEntrypoint(),
                                        engine_->GetLastEntrypointLibrary());

  configuration.AddAssetResolver(std::make_unique<DirectoryAssetBundle>(
      fml::OpenDirectory(asset_directory_path.c_str(), false,
                         fml::FilePermission::kRead),
      false));

  // Preserve any original asset resolvers to avoid syncing unchanged assets
  // over the DevFS connection.
  auto old_asset_manager = engine_->GetAssetManager();
  if (old_asset_manager != nullptr) {
    for (auto& old_resolver : old_asset_manager->TakeResolvers()) {
      if (old_resolver->IsValidAfterAssetManagerChange()) {
        configuration.AddAssetResolver(std::move(old_resolver));
      }
    }
  }

  auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
  response->SetObject();
  if (engine_->Restart(std::move(configuration))) {
    response->AddMember("type", "Success", allocator);
    auto new_description = GetServiceProtocolDescription();
    rapidjson::Value view(rapidjson::kObjectType);
    new_description.Write(this, view, allocator);
    response->AddMember("view", view, allocator);
    return true;
  } else {
    FML_DLOG(ERROR) << "Could not run configuration in engine.";
    ServiceProtocolFailureError(response,
                                "Could not run configuration in engine.");
    return false;
  }

  FML_DCHECK(false);
  return false;
}

// Service protocol handler
bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolFlushUIThreadTasks(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  // This API should not be invoked by production code.
  // It can potentially starve the service isolate if the main isolate pauses
  // at a breakpoint or is in an infinite loop.
  //
  // It should be invoked from the VM Service and and blocks it until UI thread
  // tasks are processed.
  response->SetObject();
  response->AddMember("type", "Success", response->GetAllocator());
  return true;
}

bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolGetDisplayRefreshRate(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  response->SetObject();
  response->AddMember("type", "DisplayRefreshRate", response->GetAllocator());
  response->AddMember("fps", display_manager_->GetMainDisplayRefreshRate(),
                      response->GetAllocator());
  return true;
}

double Shell::GetMainDisplayRefreshRate() {
  return display_manager_->GetMainDisplayRefreshRate();
}

bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolGetSkSLs(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  response->SetObject();
  response->AddMember("type", "GetSkSLs", response->GetAllocator());

  rapidjson::Value shaders_json(rapidjson::kObjectType);
  PersistentCache* persistent_cache = PersistentCache::GetCacheForProcess();
  std::vector<PersistentCache::SkSLCache> sksls = persistent_cache->LoadSkSLs();
  for (const auto& sksl : sksls) {
    size_t b64_size =
        SkBase64::Encode(sksl.second->data(), sksl.second->size(), nullptr);
    sk_sp<SkData> b64_data = SkData::MakeUninitialized(b64_size + 1);
    char* b64_char = static_cast<char*>(b64_data->writable_data());
    SkBase64::Encode(sksl.second->data(), sksl.second->size(), b64_char);
    b64_char[b64_size] = 0;  // make it null terminated for printing
    rapidjson::Value shader_value(b64_char, response->GetAllocator());
    rapidjson::Value shader_key(PersistentCache::SkKeyToFilePath(*sksl.first),
                                response->GetAllocator());
    shaders_json.AddMember(shader_key, shader_value, response->GetAllocator());
  }
  response->AddMember("SkSLs", shaders_json, response->GetAllocator());
  return true;
}

bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolEstimateRasterCacheMemory(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());
  const auto& raster_cache = rasterizer_->compositor_context()->raster_cache();
  response->SetObject();
  response->AddMember("type", "EstimateRasterCacheMemory",
                      response->GetAllocator());
  response->AddMember<uint64_t>("layerBytes",
                                raster_cache.EstimateLayerCacheByteSize(),
                                response->GetAllocator());
  response->AddMember<uint64_t>("pictureBytes",
                                raster_cache.EstimatePictureCacheByteSize(),
                                response->GetAllocator());
  return true;
}

// Service protocol handler
bool Shell::OnServiceProtocolSetAssetBundlePath(
    const ServiceProtocol::Handler::ServiceProtocolMap& params,
    rapidjson::Document* response) {
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (params.count("assetDirectory") == 0) {
    ServiceProtocolParameterError(response,
                                  "'assetDirectory' parameter is missing.");
    return false;
  }

  auto& allocator = response->GetAllocator();
  response->SetObject();

  auto asset_manager = std::make_shared<AssetManager>();

  asset_manager->PushFront(std::make_unique<DirectoryAssetBundle>(
      fml::OpenDirectory(params.at("assetDirectory").data(), false,
                         fml::FilePermission::kRead),
      false));

  // Preserve any original asset resolvers to avoid syncing unchanged assets
  // over the DevFS connection.
  auto old_asset_manager = engine_->GetAssetManager();
  if (old_asset_manager != nullptr) {
    for (auto& old_resolver : old_asset_manager->TakeResolvers()) {
      if (old_resolver->IsValidAfterAssetManagerChange()) {
        asset_manager->PushBack(std::move(old_resolver));
      }
    }
  }

  if (engine_->UpdateAssetManager(std::move(asset_manager))) {
    response->AddMember("type", "Success", allocator);
    auto new_description = GetServiceProtocolDescription();
    rapidjson::Value view(rapidjson::kObjectType);
    new_description.Write(this, view, allocator);
    response->AddMember("view", view, allocator);
    return true;
  } else {
    FML_DLOG(ERROR) << "Could not update asset directory.";
    ServiceProtocolFailureError(response, "Could not update asset directory.");
    return false;
  }

  FML_DCHECK(false);
  return false;
}

Rasterizer::Screenshot Shell::Screenshot(
    Rasterizer::ScreenshotType screenshot_type,
    bool base64_encode) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "Shell::Screenshot");
  fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;
  Rasterizer::Screenshot screenshot;
  fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner(), [&latch,                        //
                                            rasterizer = GetRasterizer(),  //
                                            &screenshot,                   //
                                            screenshot_type,               //
                                            base64_encode                  //
  ]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          screenshot = rasterizer->ScreenshotLastLayerTree(screenshot_type,
                                                           base64_encode);
        }
        latch.Signal();
      });
  latch.Wait();
  return screenshot;
}

fml::Status Shell::WaitForFirstFrame(fml::TimeDelta timeout) {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  if (task_runners_.GetUITaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread() ||
      task_runners_.GetRasterTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread()) {
    return fml::Status(fml::StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition,
                       "WaitForFirstFrame called from thread that can't wait "
                       "because it is responsible for generating the frame.");
  }

  // Check for overflow.
  auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
  auto max_duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point::max() - now;
  auto desired_duration = std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout.ToMilliseconds());
  auto duration =
      now + (desired_duration > max_duration ? max_duration : desired_duration);

  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(waiting_for_first_frame_mutex_);
  bool success = waiting_for_first_frame_condition_.wait_until(
      lock, duration, [&waiting_for_first_frame = waiting_for_first_frame_] {
        return !waiting_for_first_frame.load();
      });
  if (success) {
    return fml::Status();
  } else {
    return fml::Status(fml::StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded, "timeout");
  }
}

bool Shell::ReloadSystemFonts() {
  FML_DCHECK(is_setup_);
  FML_DCHECK(task_runners_.GetPlatformTaskRunner()->RunsTasksOnCurrentThread());

  if (!engine_) {
    return false;
  }
  engine_->GetFontCollection().GetFontCollection()->SetupDefaultFontManager();
  engine_->GetFontCollection().GetFontCollection()->ClearFontFamilyCache();
  // After system fonts are reloaded, we send a system channel message
  // to notify flutter framework.
  rapidjson::Document document;
  document.SetObject();
  auto& allocator = document.GetAllocator();
  rapidjson::Value message_value;
  message_value.SetString(kFontChange, allocator);
  document.AddMember(kTypeKey, message_value, allocator);

  rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
  rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
  document.Accept(writer);
  std::string message = buffer.GetString();
  std::unique_ptr<PlatformMessage> fontsChangeMessage =
      std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformMessage>(
          kSystemChannel,
          fml::MallocMapping::Copy(message.c_str(), message.length()), nullptr);

  OnPlatformViewDispatchPlatformMessage(std::move(fontsChangeMessage));
  return true;
}

std::shared_ptr<const fml::SyncSwitch> Shell::GetIsGpuDisabledSyncSwitch()
    const {
  return is_gpu_disabled_sync_switch_;
}

void Shell::SetGpuAvailability(GpuAvailability availability) {
  switch (availability) {
    case GpuAvailability::kAvailable:
      is_gpu_disabled_sync_switch_->SetSwitch(false);
      return;
    case GpuAvailability::kFlushAndMakeUnavailable: {
      fml::AutoResetWaitableEvent latch;
      fml::TaskRunner::RunNowOrPostTask(
          task_runners_.GetIOTaskRunner(),
          [io_manager = io_manager_.get(), &latch]() {
            io_manager->GetSkiaUnrefQueue()->Drain();
            latch.Signal();
          });
      latch.Wait();
    }
      // FALLTHROUGH
    case GpuAvailability::kUnavailable:
      is_gpu_disabled_sync_switch_->SetSwitch(true);
      return;
    default:
      FML_DCHECK(false);
  }
}

void Shell::OnDisplayUpdates(DisplayUpdateType update_type,
                             std::vector<Display> displays) {
  display_manager_->HandleDisplayUpdates(update_type, displays);
}

fml::TimePoint Shell::GetCurrentTimePoint() {
  return fml::TimePoint::Now();
}

}  // namespace flutter