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// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:collection';
import 'dart:developer';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
import 'binding.dart';
import 'debug.dart';
import 'focus_manager.dart';
import 'inherited_model.dart';
import 'notification_listener.dart';
import 'widget_inspector.dart';
export 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show
factory,
immutable,
mustCallSuper,
optionalTypeArgs,
protected,
required,
visibleForTesting;
export 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show ErrorDescription, ErrorHint, ErrorSummary, FlutterError, debugPrint, debugPrintStack;
export 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show ValueChanged, ValueGetter, ValueSetter, VoidCallback;
export 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show DiagnosticLevel, DiagnosticsNode;
export 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show Key, LocalKey, ValueKey;
export 'package:flutter/rendering.dart' show RenderBox, RenderObject, debugDumpLayerTree, debugDumpRenderTree;
// Examples can assume:
// late BuildContext context;
// void setState(VoidCallback fn) { }
// abstract class RenderFrogJar extends RenderObject { }
// abstract class FrogJar extends RenderObjectWidget { const FrogJar({super.key}); }
// abstract class FrogJarParentData extends ParentData { late Size size; }
// abstract class SomeWidget extends StatefulWidget { const SomeWidget({super.key}); }
// typedef ChildWidget = Placeholder;
// class _SomeWidgetState extends State<SomeWidget> { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) => widget; }
// abstract class RenderFoo extends RenderObject { }
// abstract class Foo extends RenderObjectWidget { const Foo({super.key}); }
// abstract class StatefulWidgetX { const StatefulWidgetX({this.key}); final Key? key; Widget build(BuildContext context, State state); }
// class SpecialWidget extends StatelessWidget { const SpecialWidget({ super.key, this.handler }); final VoidCallback? handler; @override Widget build(BuildContext context) => this; }
// late Object? _myState, newValue;
// int _counter = 0;
// Future<Directory> getApplicationDocumentsDirectory() async => Directory('');
// An annotation used by test_analysis package to verify patterns are followed
// that allow for tree-shaking of both fields and their initializers. This
// annotation has no impact on code by itself, but indicates the following pattern
// should be followed for a given field:
//
// ```dart
// class Foo {
// final bar = kDebugMode ? Object() : null;
// }
// ```
class _DebugOnly {
const _DebugOnly();
}
const _DebugOnly _debugOnly = _DebugOnly();
// KEYS
/// A key that takes its identity from the object used as its value.
///
/// Used to tie the identity of a widget to the identity of an object used to
/// generate that widget.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [Key], the base class for all keys.
/// * The discussion at [Widget.key] for more information about how widgets use
/// keys.
class ObjectKey extends LocalKey {
/// Creates a key that uses [identical] on [value] for its [operator==].
const ObjectKey(this.value);
/// The object whose identity is used by this key's [operator==].
final Object? value;
@override
bool operator ==(Object other) {
if (other.runtimeType != runtimeType) {
return false;
}
return other is ObjectKey
&& identical(other.value, value);
}
@override
int get hashCode => Object.hash(runtimeType, identityHashCode(value));
@override
String toString() {
if (runtimeType == ObjectKey) {
return '[${describeIdentity(value)}]';
}
return '[${objectRuntimeType(this, 'ObjectKey')} ${describeIdentity(value)}]';
}
}
/// A key that is unique across the entire app.
///
/// Global keys uniquely identify elements. Global keys provide access to other
/// objects that are associated with those elements, such as [BuildContext].
/// For [StatefulWidget]s, global keys also provide access to [State].
///
/// Widgets that have global keys reparent their subtrees when they are moved
/// from one location in the tree to another location in the tree. In order to
/// reparent its subtree, a widget must arrive at its new location in the tree
/// in the same animation frame in which it was removed from its old location in
/// the tree.
///
/// Reparenting an [Element] using a global key is relatively expensive, as
/// this operation will trigger a call to [State.deactivate] on the associated
/// [State] and all of its descendants; then force all widgets that depends
/// on an [InheritedWidget] to rebuild.
///
/// If you don't need any of the features listed above, consider using a [Key],
/// [ValueKey], [ObjectKey], or [UniqueKey] instead.
///
/// You cannot simultaneously include two widgets in the tree with the same
/// global key. Attempting to do so will assert at runtime.
///
/// ## Pitfalls
///
/// GlobalKeys should not be re-created on every build. They should usually be
/// long-lived objects owned by a [State] object, for example.
///
/// Creating a new GlobalKey on every build will throw away the state of the
/// subtree associated with the old key and create a new fresh subtree for the
/// new key. Besides harming performance, this can also cause unexpected
/// behavior in widgets in the subtree. For example, a [GestureDetector] in the
/// subtree will be unable to track ongoing gestures since it will be recreated
/// on each build.
///
/// Instead, a good practice is to let a State object own the GlobalKey, and
/// instantiate it outside the build method, such as in [State.initState].
///
/// See also:
///
/// * The discussion at [Widget.key] for more information about how widgets use
/// keys.
@optionalTypeArgs
abstract class GlobalKey<T extends State<StatefulWidget>> extends Key {
/// Creates a [LabeledGlobalKey], which is a [GlobalKey] with a label used for
/// debugging.
///
/// The label is purely for debugging and not used for comparing the identity
/// of the key.
factory GlobalKey({ String? debugLabel }) => LabeledGlobalKey<T>(debugLabel);
/// Creates a global key without a label.
///
/// Used by subclasses because the factory constructor shadows the implicit
/// constructor.
const GlobalKey.constructor() : super.empty();
Element? get _currentElement => WidgetsBinding.instance.buildOwner!._globalKeyRegistry[this];
/// The build context in which the widget with this key builds.
///
/// The current context is null if there is no widget in the tree that matches
/// this global key.
BuildContext? get currentContext => _currentElement;
/// The widget in the tree that currently has this global key.
///
/// The current widget is null if there is no widget in the tree that matches
/// this global key.
Widget? get currentWidget => _currentElement?.widget;
/// The [State] for the widget in the tree that currently has this global key.
///
/// The current state is null if (1) there is no widget in the tree that
/// matches this global key, (2) that widget is not a [StatefulWidget], or the
/// associated [State] object is not a subtype of `T`.
T? get currentState {
final Element? element = _currentElement;
if (element is StatefulElement) {
final StatefulElement statefulElement = element;
final State state = statefulElement.state;
if (state is T) {
return state;
}
}
return null;
}
}
/// A global key with a debugging label.
///
/// The debug label is useful for documentation and for debugging. The label
/// does not affect the key's identity.
@optionalTypeArgs
class LabeledGlobalKey<T extends State<StatefulWidget>> extends GlobalKey<T> {
/// Creates a global key with a debugging label.
///
/// The label does not affect the key's identity.
// ignore: prefer_const_constructors_in_immutables , never use const for this class
LabeledGlobalKey(this._debugLabel) : super.constructor();
final String? _debugLabel;
@override
String toString() {
final String label = _debugLabel != null ? ' $_debugLabel' : '';
if (runtimeType == LabeledGlobalKey) {
return '[GlobalKey#${shortHash(this)}$label]';
}
return '[${describeIdentity(this)}$label]';
}
}
/// A global key that takes its identity from the object used as its value.
///
/// Used to tie the identity of a widget to the identity of an object used to
/// generate that widget.
///
/// Any [GlobalObjectKey] created for the same object will match.
///
/// If the object is not private, then it is possible that collisions will occur
/// where independent widgets will reuse the same object as their
/// [GlobalObjectKey] value in a different part of the tree, leading to a global
/// key conflict. To avoid this problem, create a private [GlobalObjectKey]
/// subclass, as in:
///
/// ```dart
/// class _MyKey extends GlobalObjectKey {
/// const _MyKey(super.value);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Since the [runtimeType] of the key is part of its identity, this will
/// prevent clashes with other [GlobalObjectKey]s even if they have the same
/// value.
@optionalTypeArgs
class GlobalObjectKey<T extends State<StatefulWidget>> extends GlobalKey<T> {
/// Creates a global key that uses [identical] on [value] for its [operator==].
const GlobalObjectKey(this.value) : super.constructor();
/// The object whose identity is used by this key's [operator==].
final Object value;
@override
bool operator ==(Object other) {
if (other.runtimeType != runtimeType) {
return false;
}
return other is GlobalObjectKey<T>
&& identical(other.value, value);
}
@override
int get hashCode => identityHashCode(value);
@override
String toString() {
String selfType = objectRuntimeType(this, 'GlobalObjectKey');
// The runtimeType string of a GlobalObjectKey() returns 'GlobalObjectKey<State<StatefulWidget>>'
// because GlobalObjectKey is instantiated to its bounds. To avoid cluttering the output
// we remove the suffix.
const String suffix = '<State<StatefulWidget>>';
if (selfType.endsWith(suffix)) {
selfType = selfType.substring(0, selfType.length - suffix.length);
}
return '[$selfType ${describeIdentity(value)}]';
}
}
/// Describes the configuration for an [Element].
///
/// Widgets are the central class hierarchy in the Flutter framework. A widget
/// is an immutable description of part of a user interface. Widgets can be
/// inflated into elements, which manage the underlying render tree.
///
/// Widgets themselves have no mutable state (all their fields must be final).
/// If you wish to associate mutable state with a widget, consider using a
/// [StatefulWidget], which creates a [State] object (via
/// [StatefulWidget.createState]) whenever it is inflated into an element and
/// incorporated into the tree.
///
/// A given widget can be included in the tree zero or more times. In particular
/// a given widget can be placed in the tree multiple times. Each time a widget
/// is placed in the tree, it is inflated into an [Element], which means a
/// widget that is incorporated into the tree multiple times will be inflated
/// multiple times.
///
/// The [key] property controls how one widget replaces another widget in the
/// tree. If the [runtimeType] and [key] properties of the two widgets are
/// [operator==], respectively, then the new widget replaces the old widget by
/// updating the underlying element (i.e., by calling [Element.update] with the
/// new widget). Otherwise, the old element is removed from the tree, the new
/// widget is inflated into an element, and the new element is inserted into the
/// tree.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatefulWidget] and [State], for widgets that can build differently
/// several times over their lifetime.
/// * [InheritedWidget], for widgets that introduce ambient state that can
/// be read by descendant widgets.
/// * [StatelessWidget], for widgets that always build the same way given a
/// particular configuration and ambient state.
@immutable
abstract class Widget extends DiagnosticableTree {
/// Initializes [key] for subclasses.
const Widget({ this.key });
/// Controls how one widget replaces another widget in the tree.
///
/// If the [runtimeType] and [key] properties of the two widgets are
/// [operator==], respectively, then the new widget replaces the old widget by
/// updating the underlying element (i.e., by calling [Element.update] with the
/// new widget). Otherwise, the old element is removed from the tree, the new
/// widget is inflated into an element, and the new element is inserted into the
/// tree.
///
/// In addition, using a [GlobalKey] as the widget's [key] allows the element
/// to be moved around the tree (changing parent) without losing state. When a
/// new widget is found (its key and type do not match a previous widget in
/// the same location), but there was a widget with that same global key
/// elsewhere in the tree in the previous frame, then that widget's element is
/// moved to the new location.
///
/// Generally, a widget that is the only child of another widget does not need
/// an explicit key.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * The discussions at [Key] and [GlobalKey].
final Key? key;
/// Inflates this configuration to a concrete instance.
///
/// A given widget can be included in the tree zero or more times. In particular
/// a given widget can be placed in the tree multiple times. Each time a widget
/// is placed in the tree, it is inflated into an [Element], which means a
/// widget that is incorporated into the tree multiple times will be inflated
/// multiple times.
@protected
@factory
Element createElement();
/// A short, textual description of this widget.
@override
String toStringShort() {
final String type = objectRuntimeType(this, 'Widget');
return key == null ? type : '$type-$key';
}
@override
void debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder properties) {
super.debugFillProperties(properties);
properties.defaultDiagnosticsTreeStyle = DiagnosticsTreeStyle.dense;
}
@override
@nonVirtual
bool operator ==(Object other) => super == other;
@override
@nonVirtual
int get hashCode => super.hashCode;
/// Whether the `newWidget` can be used to update an [Element] that currently
/// has the `oldWidget` as its configuration.
///
/// An element that uses a given widget as its configuration can be updated to
/// use another widget as its configuration if, and only if, the two widgets
/// have [runtimeType] and [key] properties that are [operator==].
///
/// If the widgets have no key (their key is null), then they are considered a
/// match if they have the same type, even if their children are completely
/// different.
static bool canUpdate(Widget oldWidget, Widget newWidget) {
return oldWidget.runtimeType == newWidget.runtimeType
&& oldWidget.key == newWidget.key;
}
// Return a numeric encoding of the specific `Widget` concrete subtype.
// This is used in `Element.updateChild` to determine if a hot reload modified the
// superclass of a mounted element's configuration. The encoding of each `Widget`
// must match the corresponding `Element` encoding in `Element._debugConcreteSubtype`.
static int _debugConcreteSubtype(Widget widget) {
return widget is StatefulWidget ? 1 :
widget is StatelessWidget ? 2 :
0;
}
}
/// A widget that does not require mutable state.
///
/// A stateless widget is a widget that describes part of the user interface by
/// building a constellation of other widgets that describe the user interface
/// more concretely. The building process continues recursively until the
/// description of the user interface is fully concrete (e.g., consists
/// entirely of [RenderObjectWidget]s, which describe concrete [RenderObject]s).
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wE7khGHVkYY}
///
/// Stateless widget are useful when the part of the user interface you are
/// describing does not depend on anything other than the configuration
/// information in the object itself and the [BuildContext] in which the widget
/// is inflated. For compositions that can change dynamically, e.g. due to
/// having an internal clock-driven state, or depending on some system state,
/// consider using [StatefulWidget].
///
/// ## Performance considerations
///
/// The [build] method of a stateless widget is typically only called in three
/// situations: the first time the widget is inserted in the tree, when the
/// widget's parent changes its configuration, and when an [InheritedWidget] it
/// depends on changes.
///
/// If a widget's parent will regularly change the widget's configuration, or if
/// it depends on inherited widgets that frequently change, then it is important
/// to optimize the performance of the [build] method to maintain a fluid
/// rendering performance.
///
/// There are several techniques one can use to minimize the impact of
/// rebuilding a stateless widget:
///
/// * Minimize the number of nodes transitively created by the build method and
/// any widgets it creates. For example, instead of an elaborate arrangement
/// of [Row]s, [Column]s, [Padding]s, and [SizedBox]es to position a single
/// child in a particularly fancy manner, consider using just an [Align] or a
/// [CustomSingleChildLayout]. Instead of an intricate layering of multiple
/// [Container]s and with [Decoration]s to draw just the right graphical
/// effect, consider a single [CustomPaint] widget.
///
/// * Use `const` widgets where possible, and provide a `const` constructor for
/// the widget so that users of the widget can also do so.
///
/// * Consider refactoring the stateless widget into a stateful widget so that
/// it can use some of the techniques described at [StatefulWidget], such as
/// caching common parts of subtrees and using [GlobalKey]s when changing the
/// tree structure.
///
/// * If the widget is likely to get rebuilt frequently due to the use of
/// [InheritedWidget]s, consider refactoring the stateless widget into
/// multiple widgets, with the parts of the tree that change being pushed to
/// the leaves. For example instead of building a tree with four widgets, the
/// inner-most widget depending on the [Theme], consider factoring out the
/// part of the build function that builds the inner-most widget into its own
/// widget, so that only the inner-most widget needs to be rebuilt when the
/// theme changes.
/// {@template flutter.flutter.widgets.framework.prefer_const_over_helper}
/// * When trying to create a reusable piece of UI, prefer using a widget
/// rather than a helper method. For example, if there was a function used to
/// build a widget, a [State.setState] call would require Flutter to entirely
/// rebuild the returned wrapping widget. If a [Widget] was used instead,
/// Flutter would be able to efficiently re-render only those parts that
/// really need to be updated. Even better, if the created widget is `const`,
/// Flutter would short-circuit most of the rebuild work.
/// {@endtemplate}
///
/// This video gives more explanations on why `const` constructors are important
/// and why a [Widget] is better than a helper method.
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOyq-eTRhvo}
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// The following is a skeleton of a stateless widget subclass called `GreenFrog`.
///
/// Normally, widgets have more constructor arguments, each of which corresponds
/// to a `final` property.
///
/// ```dart
/// class GreenFrog extends StatelessWidget {
/// const GreenFrog({ super.key });
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Container(color: const Color(0xFF2DBD3A));
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// This next example shows the more generic widget `Frog` which can be given
/// a color and a child:
///
/// ```dart
/// class Frog extends StatelessWidget {
/// const Frog({
/// super.key,
/// this.color = const Color(0xFF2DBD3A),
/// this.child,
/// });
///
/// final Color color;
/// final Widget? child;
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Container(color: color, child: child);
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// By convention, widget constructors only use named arguments. Also by
/// convention, the first argument is [key], and the last argument is `child`,
/// `children`, or the equivalent.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatefulWidget] and [State], for widgets that can build differently
/// several times over their lifetime.
/// * [InheritedWidget], for widgets that introduce ambient state that can
/// be read by descendant widgets.
abstract class StatelessWidget extends Widget {
/// Initializes [key] for subclasses.
const StatelessWidget({ super.key });
/// Creates a [StatelessElement] to manage this widget's location in the tree.
///
/// It is uncommon for subclasses to override this method.
@override
StatelessElement createElement() => StatelessElement(this);
/// Describes the part of the user interface represented by this widget.
///
/// The framework calls this method when this widget is inserted into the tree
/// in a given [BuildContext] and when the dependencies of this widget change
/// (e.g., an [InheritedWidget] referenced by this widget changes). This
/// method can potentially be called in every frame and should not have any side
/// effects beyond building a widget.
///
/// The framework replaces the subtree below this widget with the widget
/// returned by this method, either by updating the existing subtree or by
/// removing the subtree and inflating a new subtree, depending on whether the
/// widget returned by this method can update the root of the existing
/// subtree, as determined by calling [Widget.canUpdate].
///
/// Typically implementations return a newly created constellation of widgets
/// that are configured with information from this widget's constructor and
/// from the given [BuildContext].
///
/// The given [BuildContext] contains information about the location in the
/// tree at which this widget is being built. For example, the context
/// provides the set of inherited widgets for this location in the tree. A
/// given widget might be built with multiple different [BuildContext]
/// arguments over time if the widget is moved around the tree or if the
/// widget is inserted into the tree in multiple places at once.
///
/// The implementation of this method must only depend on:
///
/// * the fields of the widget, which themselves must not change over time,
/// and
/// * any ambient state obtained from the `context` using
/// [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType].
///
/// If a widget's [build] method is to depend on anything else, use a
/// [StatefulWidget] instead.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatelessWidget], which contains the discussion on performance considerations.
@protected
Widget build(BuildContext context);
}
/// A widget that has mutable state.
///
/// State is information that (1) can be read synchronously when the widget is
/// built and (2) might change during the lifetime of the widget. It is the
/// responsibility of the widget implementer to ensure that the [State] is
/// promptly notified when such state changes, using [State.setState].
///
/// A stateful widget is a widget that describes part of the user interface by
/// building a constellation of other widgets that describe the user interface
/// more concretely. The building process continues recursively until the
/// description of the user interface is fully concrete (e.g., consists
/// entirely of [RenderObjectWidget]s, which describe concrete [RenderObject]s).
///
/// Stateful widgets are useful when the part of the user interface you are
/// describing can change dynamically, e.g. due to having an internal
/// clock-driven state, or depending on some system state. For compositions that
/// depend only on the configuration information in the object itself and the
/// [BuildContext] in which the widget is inflated, consider using
/// [StatelessWidget].
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqCMFXEmf3w}
///
/// [StatefulWidget] instances themselves are immutable and store their mutable
/// state either in separate [State] objects that are created by the
/// [createState] method, or in objects to which that [State] subscribes, for
/// example [Stream] or [ChangeNotifier] objects, to which references are stored
/// in final fields on the [StatefulWidget] itself.
///
/// The framework calls [createState] whenever it inflates a
/// [StatefulWidget], which means that multiple [State] objects might be
/// associated with the same [StatefulWidget] if that widget has been inserted
/// into the tree in multiple places. Similarly, if a [StatefulWidget] is
/// removed from the tree and later inserted in to the tree again, the framework
/// will call [createState] again to create a fresh [State] object, simplifying
/// the lifecycle of [State] objects.
///
/// A [StatefulWidget] keeps the same [State] object when moving from one
/// location in the tree to another if its creator used a [GlobalKey] for its
/// [key]. Because a widget with a [GlobalKey] can be used in at most one
/// location in the tree, a widget that uses a [GlobalKey] has at most one
/// associated element. The framework takes advantage of this property when
/// moving a widget with a global key from one location in the tree to another
/// by grafting the (unique) subtree associated with that widget from the old
/// location to the new location (instead of recreating the subtree at the new
/// location). The [State] objects associated with [StatefulWidget] are grafted
/// along with the rest of the subtree, which means the [State] object is reused
/// (instead of being recreated) in the new location. However, in order to be
/// eligible for grafting, the widget must be inserted into the new location in
/// the same animation frame in which it was removed from the old location.
///
/// ## Performance considerations
///
/// There are two primary categories of [StatefulWidget]s.
///
/// The first is one which allocates resources in [State.initState] and disposes
/// of them in [State.dispose], but which does not depend on [InheritedWidget]s
/// or call [State.setState]. Such widgets are commonly used at the root of an
/// application or page, and communicate with subwidgets via [ChangeNotifier]s,
/// [Stream]s, or other such objects. Stateful widgets following such a pattern
/// are relatively cheap (in terms of CPU and GPU cycles), because they are
/// built once then never update. They can, therefore, have somewhat complicated
/// and deep build methods.
///
/// The second category is widgets that use [State.setState] or depend on
/// [InheritedWidget]s. These will typically rebuild many times during the
/// application's lifetime, and it is therefore important to minimize the impact
/// of rebuilding such a widget. (They may also use [State.initState] or
/// [State.didChangeDependencies] and allocate resources, but the important part
/// is that they rebuild.)
///
/// There are several techniques one can use to minimize the impact of
/// rebuilding a stateful widget:
///
/// * Push the state to the leaves. For example, if your page has a ticking
/// clock, rather than putting the state at the top of the page and
/// rebuilding the entire page each time the clock ticks, create a dedicated
/// clock widget that only updates itself.
///
/// * Minimize the number of nodes transitively created by the build method and
/// any widgets it creates. Ideally, a stateful widget would only create a
/// single widget, and that widget would be a [RenderObjectWidget].
/// (Obviously this isn't always practical, but the closer a widget gets to
/// this ideal, the more efficient it will be.)
///
/// * If a subtree does not change, cache the widget that represents that
/// subtree and re-use it each time it can be used. To do this, simply assign
/// a widget to a `final` state variable and re-use it in the build method. It
/// is massively more efficient for a widget to be re-used than for a new (but
/// identically-configured) widget to be created. Another caching strategy
/// consists in extracting the mutable part of the widget into a [StatefulWidget]
/// which accepts a child parameter.
///
/// * Use `const` widgets where possible. (This is equivalent to caching a
/// widget and re-using it.)
///
/// * Avoid changing the depth of any created subtrees or changing the type of
/// any widgets in the subtree. For example, rather than returning either the
/// child or the child wrapped in an [IgnorePointer], always wrap the child
/// widget in an [IgnorePointer] and control the [IgnorePointer.ignoring]
/// property. This is because changing the depth of the subtree requires
/// rebuilding, laying out, and painting the entire subtree, whereas just
/// changing the property will require the least possible change to the
/// render tree (in the case of [IgnorePointer], for example, no layout or
/// repaint is necessary at all).
///
/// * If the depth must be changed for some reason, consider wrapping the
/// common parts of the subtrees in widgets that have a [GlobalKey] that
/// remains consistent for the life of the stateful widget. (The
/// [KeyedSubtree] widget may be useful for this purpose if no other widget
/// can conveniently be assigned the key.)
///
/// {@macro flutter.flutter.widgets.framework.prefer_const_over_helper}
///
/// This video gives more explanations on why `const` constructors are important
/// and why a [Widget] is better than a helper method.
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOyq-eTRhvo}
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// This is a skeleton of a stateful widget subclass called `YellowBird`.
///
/// In this example, the [State] has no actual state. State is normally
/// represented as private member fields. Also, normally widgets have more
/// constructor arguments, each of which corresponds to a `final` property.
///
/// ```dart
/// class YellowBird extends StatefulWidget {
/// const YellowBird({ super.key });
///
/// @override
/// State<YellowBird> createState() => _YellowBirdState();
/// }
///
/// class _YellowBirdState extends State<YellowBird> {
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Container(color: const Color(0xFFFFE306));
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// This example shows the more generic widget `Bird` which can be given a
/// color and a child, and which has some internal state with a method that
/// can be called to mutate it:
///
/// ```dart
/// class Bird extends StatefulWidget {
/// const Bird({
/// super.key,
/// this.color = const Color(0xFFFFE306),
/// this.child,
/// });
///
/// final Color color;
/// final Widget? child;
///
/// @override
/// State<Bird> createState() => _BirdState();
/// }
///
/// class _BirdState extends State<Bird> {
/// double _size = 1.0;
///
/// void grow() {
/// setState(() { _size += 0.1; });
/// }
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Container(
/// color: widget.color,
/// transform: Matrix4.diagonal3Values(_size, _size, 1.0),
/// child: widget.child,
/// );
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// By convention, widget constructors only use named arguments. Also by
/// convention, the first argument is [key], and the last argument is `child`,
/// `children`, or the equivalent.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [State], where the logic behind a [StatefulWidget] is hosted.
/// * [StatelessWidget], for widgets that always build the same way given a
/// particular configuration and ambient state.
/// * [InheritedWidget], for widgets that introduce ambient state that can
/// be read by descendant widgets.
abstract class StatefulWidget extends Widget {
/// Initializes [key] for subclasses.
const StatefulWidget({ super.key });
/// Creates a [StatefulElement] to manage this widget's location in the tree.
///
/// It is uncommon for subclasses to override this method.
@override
StatefulElement createElement() => StatefulElement(this);
/// Creates the mutable state for this widget at a given location in the tree.
///
/// Subclasses should override this method to return a newly created
/// instance of their associated [State] subclass:
///
/// ```dart
/// @override
/// State<SomeWidget> createState() => _SomeWidgetState();
/// ```
///
/// The framework can call this method multiple times over the lifetime of
/// a [StatefulWidget]. For example, if the widget is inserted into the tree
/// in multiple locations, the framework will create a separate [State] object
/// for each location. Similarly, if the widget is removed from the tree and
/// later inserted into the tree again, the framework will call [createState]
/// again to create a fresh [State] object, simplifying the lifecycle of
/// [State] objects.
@protected
@factory
State createState();
}
/// Tracks the lifecycle of [State] objects when asserts are enabled.
enum _StateLifecycle {
/// The [State] object has been created. [State.initState] is called at this
/// time.
created,
/// The [State.initState] method has been called but the [State] object is
/// not yet ready to build. [State.didChangeDependencies] is called at this time.
initialized,
/// The [State] object is ready to build and [State.dispose] has not yet been
/// called.
ready,
/// The [State.dispose] method has been called and the [State] object is
/// no longer able to build.
defunct,
}
/// The signature of [State.setState] functions.
typedef StateSetter = void Function(VoidCallback fn);
const String _flutterWidgetsLibrary = 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
/// The logic and internal state for a [StatefulWidget].
///
/// State is information that (1) can be read synchronously when the widget is
/// built and (2) might change during the lifetime of the widget. It is the
/// responsibility of the widget implementer to ensure that the [State] is
/// promptly notified when such state changes, using [State.setState].
///
/// [State] objects are created by the framework by calling the
/// [StatefulWidget.createState] method when inflating a [StatefulWidget] to
/// insert it into the tree. Because a given [StatefulWidget] instance can be
/// inflated multiple times (e.g., the widget is incorporated into the tree in
/// multiple places at once), there might be more than one [State] object
/// associated with a given [StatefulWidget] instance. Similarly, if a
/// [StatefulWidget] is removed from the tree and later inserted in to the tree
/// again, the framework will call [StatefulWidget.createState] again to create
/// a fresh [State] object, simplifying the lifecycle of [State] objects.
///
/// [State] objects have the following lifecycle:
///
/// * The framework creates a [State] object by calling
/// [StatefulWidget.createState].
/// * The newly created [State] object is associated with a [BuildContext].
/// This association is permanent: the [State] object will never change its
/// [BuildContext]. However, the [BuildContext] itself can be moved around
/// the tree along with its subtree. At this point, the [State] object is
/// considered [mounted].
/// * The framework calls [initState]. Subclasses of [State] should override
/// [initState] to perform one-time initialization that depends on the
/// [BuildContext] or the widget, which are available as the [context] and
/// [widget] properties, respectively, when the [initState] method is
/// called.
/// * The framework calls [didChangeDependencies]. Subclasses of [State] should
/// override [didChangeDependencies] to perform initialization involving
/// [InheritedWidget]s. If [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] is
/// called, the [didChangeDependencies] method will be called again if the
/// inherited widgets subsequently change or if the widget moves in the tree.
/// * At this point, the [State] object is fully initialized and the framework
/// might call its [build] method any number of times to obtain a
/// description of the user interface for this subtree. [State] objects can
/// spontaneously request to rebuild their subtree by calling their
/// [setState] method, which indicates that some of their internal state
/// has changed in a way that might impact the user interface in this
/// subtree.
/// * During this time, a parent widget might rebuild and request that this
/// location in the tree update to display a new widget with the same
/// [runtimeType] and [Widget.key]. When this happens, the framework will
/// update the [widget] property to refer to the new widget and then call the
/// [didUpdateWidget] method with the previous widget as an argument. [State]
/// objects should override [didUpdateWidget] to respond to changes in their
/// associated widget (e.g., to start implicit animations). The framework
/// always calls [build] after calling [didUpdateWidget], which means any
/// calls to [setState] in [didUpdateWidget] are redundant.
/// * During development, if a hot reload occurs (whether initiated from the
/// command line `flutter` tool by pressing `r`, or from an IDE), the
/// [reassemble] method is called. This provides an opportunity to
/// reinitialize any data that was prepared in the [initState] method.
/// * If the subtree containing the [State] object is removed from the tree
/// (e.g., because the parent built a widget with a different [runtimeType]
/// or [Widget.key]), the framework calls the [deactivate] method. Subclasses
/// should override this method to clean up any links between this object
/// and other elements in the tree (e.g. if you have provided an ancestor
/// with a pointer to a descendant's [RenderObject]).
/// * At this point, the framework might reinsert this subtree into another
/// part of the tree. If that happens, the framework will ensure that it
/// calls [build] to give the [State] object a chance to adapt to its new
/// location in the tree. If the framework does reinsert this subtree, it
/// will do so before the end of the animation frame in which the subtree was
/// removed from the tree. For this reason, [State] objects can defer
/// releasing most resources until the framework calls their [dispose]
/// method.
/// * If the framework does not reinsert this subtree by the end of the current
/// animation frame, the framework will call [dispose], which indicates that
/// this [State] object will never build again. Subclasses should override
/// this method to release any resources retained by this object (e.g.,
/// stop any active animations).
/// * After the framework calls [dispose], the [State] object is considered
/// unmounted and the [mounted] property is false. It is an error to call
/// [setState] at this point. This stage of the lifecycle is terminal: there
/// is no way to remount a [State] object that has been disposed.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatefulWidget], where the current configuration of a [State] is hosted,
/// and whose documentation has sample code for [State].
/// * [StatelessWidget], for widgets that always build the same way given a
/// particular configuration and ambient state.
/// * [InheritedWidget], for widgets that introduce ambient state that can
/// be read by descendant widgets.
/// * [Widget], for an overview of widgets in general.
@optionalTypeArgs
abstract class State<T extends StatefulWidget> with Diagnosticable {
/// The current configuration.
///
/// A [State] object's configuration is the corresponding [StatefulWidget]
/// instance. This property is initialized by the framework before calling
/// [initState]. If the parent updates this location in the tree to a new
/// widget with the same [runtimeType] and [Widget.key] as the current
/// configuration, the framework will update this property to refer to the new
/// widget and then call [didUpdateWidget], passing the old configuration as
/// an argument.
T get widget => _widget!;
T? _widget;
/// The current stage in the lifecycle for this state object.
///
/// This field is used by the framework when asserts are enabled to verify
/// that [State] objects move through their lifecycle in an orderly fashion.
_StateLifecycle _debugLifecycleState = _StateLifecycle.created;
/// Verifies that the [State] that was created is one that expects to be
/// created for that particular [Widget].
bool _debugTypesAreRight(Widget widget) => widget is T;
/// The location in the tree where this widget builds.
///
/// The framework associates [State] objects with a [BuildContext] after
/// creating them with [StatefulWidget.createState] and before calling
/// [initState]. The association is permanent: the [State] object will never
/// change its [BuildContext]. However, the [BuildContext] itself can be moved
/// around the tree.
///
/// After calling [dispose], the framework severs the [State] object's
/// connection with the [BuildContext].
BuildContext get context {
assert(() {
if (_element == null) {
throw FlutterError(
'This widget has been unmounted, so the State no longer has a context (and should be considered defunct). \n'
'Consider canceling any active work during "dispose" or using the "mounted" getter to determine if the State is still active.',
);
}
return true;
}());
return _element!;
}
StatefulElement? _element;
/// Whether this [State] object is currently in a tree.
///
/// After creating a [State] object and before calling [initState], the
/// framework "mounts" the [State] object by associating it with a
/// [BuildContext]. The [State] object remains mounted until the framework
/// calls [dispose], after which time the framework will never ask the [State]
/// object to [build] again.
///
/// It is an error to call [setState] unless [mounted] is true.
bool get mounted => _element != null;
/// Called when this object is inserted into the tree.
///
/// The framework will call this method exactly once for each [State] object
/// it creates.
///
/// Override this method to perform initialization that depends on the
/// location at which this object was inserted into the tree (i.e., [context])
/// or on the widget used to configure this object (i.e., [widget]).
///
/// {@template flutter.widgets.State.initState}
/// If a [State]'s [build] method depends on an object that can itself
/// change state, for example a [ChangeNotifier] or [Stream], or some
/// other object to which one can subscribe to receive notifications, then
/// be sure to subscribe and unsubscribe properly in [initState],
/// [didUpdateWidget], and [dispose]:
///
/// * In [initState], subscribe to the object.
/// * In [didUpdateWidget] unsubscribe from the old object and subscribe
/// to the new one if the updated widget configuration requires
/// replacing the object.
/// * In [dispose], unsubscribe from the object.
///
/// {@endtemplate}
///
/// You cannot use [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] from this
/// method. However, [didChangeDependencies] will be called immediately
/// following this method, and [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] can
/// be used there.
///
/// Implementations of this method should start with a call to the inherited
/// method, as in `super.initState()`.
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void initState() {
assert(_debugLifecycleState == _StateLifecycle.created);
if (kFlutterMemoryAllocationsEnabled) {
MemoryAllocations.instance.dispatchObjectCreated(
library: _flutterWidgetsLibrary,
className: '$State',
object: this,
);
}
}
/// Called whenever the widget configuration changes.
///
/// If the parent widget rebuilds and requests that this location in the tree
/// update to display a new widget with the same [runtimeType] and
/// [Widget.key], the framework will update the [widget] property of this
/// [State] object to refer to the new widget and then call this method
/// with the previous widget as an argument.
///
/// Override this method to respond when the [widget] changes (e.g., to start
/// implicit animations).
///
/// The framework always calls [build] after calling [didUpdateWidget], which
/// means any calls to [setState] in [didUpdateWidget] are redundant.
///
/// {@macro flutter.widgets.State.initState}
///
/// Implementations of this method should start with a call to the inherited
/// method, as in `super.didUpdateWidget(oldWidget)`.
@mustCallSuper
@protected
void didUpdateWidget(covariant T oldWidget) { }
/// {@macro flutter.widgets.Element.reassemble}
///
/// In addition to this method being invoked, it is guaranteed that the
/// [build] method will be invoked when a reassemble is signaled. Most
/// widgets therefore do not need to do anything in the [reassemble] method.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [Element.reassemble]
/// * [BindingBase.reassembleApplication]
/// * [Image], which uses this to reload images.
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void reassemble() { }
/// Notify the framework that the internal state of this object has changed.
///
/// Whenever you change the internal state of a [State] object, make the
/// change in a function that you pass to [setState]:
///
/// ```dart
/// setState(() { _myState = newValue; });
/// ```
///
/// The provided callback is immediately called synchronously. It must not
/// return a future (the callback cannot be `async`), since then it would be
/// unclear when the state was actually being set.
///
/// Calling [setState] notifies the framework that the internal state of this
/// object has changed in a way that might impact the user interface in this
/// subtree, which causes the framework to schedule a [build] for this [State]
/// object.
///
/// If you just change the state directly without calling [setState], the
/// framework might not schedule a [build] and the user interface for this
/// subtree might not be updated to reflect the new state.
///
/// Generally it is recommended that the [setState] method only be used to
/// wrap the actual changes to the state, not any computation that might be
/// associated with the change. For example, here a value used by the [build]
/// function is incremented, and then the change is written to disk, but only
/// the increment is wrapped in the [setState]:
///
/// ```dart
/// Future<void> _incrementCounter() async {
/// setState(() {
/// _counter++;
/// });
/// Directory directory = await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory(); // from path_provider package
/// final String dirName = directory.path;
/// await File('$dirName/counter.txt').writeAsString('$_counter');
/// }
/// ```
///
/// It is an error to call this method after the framework calls [dispose].
/// You can determine whether it is legal to call this method by checking
/// whether the [mounted] property is true.
@protected
void setState(VoidCallback fn) {
assert(fn != null);
assert(() {
if (_debugLifecycleState == _StateLifecycle.defunct) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('setState() called after dispose(): $this'),
ErrorDescription(
'This error happens if you call setState() on a State object for a widget that '
'no longer appears in the widget tree (e.g., whose parent widget no longer '
'includes the widget in its build). This error can occur when code calls '
'setState() from a timer or an animation callback.',
),
ErrorHint(
'The preferred solution is '
'to cancel the timer or stop listening to the animation in the dispose() '
'callback. Another solution is to check the "mounted" property of this '
'object before calling setState() to ensure the object is still in the '
'tree.',
),
ErrorHint(
'This error might indicate a memory leak if setState() is being called '
'because another object is retaining a reference to this State object '
'after it has been removed from the tree. To avoid memory leaks, '
'consider breaking the reference to this object during dispose().',
),
]);
}
if (_debugLifecycleState == _StateLifecycle.created && !mounted) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('setState() called in constructor: $this'),
ErrorHint(
'This happens when you call setState() on a State object for a widget that '
"hasn't been inserted into the widget tree yet. It is not necessary to call "
'setState() in the constructor, since the state is already assumed to be dirty '
'when it is initially created.',
),
]);
}
return true;
}());
final Object? result = fn() as dynamic;
assert(() {
if (result is Future) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('setState() callback argument returned a Future.'),
ErrorDescription(
'The setState() method on $this was called with a closure or method that '
'returned a Future. Maybe it is marked as "async".',
),
ErrorHint(
'Instead of performing asynchronous work inside a call to setState(), first '
'execute the work (without updating the widget state), and then synchronously '
'update the state inside a call to setState().',
),
]);
}
// We ignore other types of return values so that you can do things like:
// setState(() => x = 3);
return true;
}());
_element!.markNeedsBuild();
}
/// Called when this object is removed from the tree.
///
/// The framework calls this method whenever it removes this [State] object
/// from the tree. In some cases, the framework will reinsert the [State]
/// object into another part of the tree (e.g., if the subtree containing this
/// [State] object is grafted from one location in the tree to another due to
/// the use of a [GlobalKey]). If that happens, the framework will call
/// [activate] to give the [State] object a chance to reacquire any resources
/// that it released in [deactivate]. It will then also call [build] to give
/// the [State] object a chance to adapt to its new location in the tree. If
/// the framework does reinsert this subtree, it will do so before the end of
/// the animation frame in which the subtree was removed from the tree. For
/// this reason, [State] objects can defer releasing most resources until the
/// framework calls their [dispose] method.
///
/// Subclasses should override this method to clean up any links between
/// this object and other elements in the tree (e.g. if you have provided an
/// ancestor with a pointer to a descendant's [RenderObject]).
///
/// Implementations of this method should end with a call to the inherited
/// method, as in `super.deactivate()`.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [dispose], which is called after [deactivate] if the widget is removed
/// from the tree permanently.
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void deactivate() { }
/// Called when this object is reinserted into the tree after having been
/// removed via [deactivate].
///
/// In most cases, after a [State] object has been deactivated, it is _not_
/// reinserted into the tree, and its [dispose] method will be called to
/// signal that it is ready to be garbage collected.
///
/// In some cases, however, after a [State] object has been deactivated, the
/// framework will reinsert it into another part of the tree (e.g., if the
/// subtree containing this [State] object is grafted from one location in
/// the tree to another due to the use of a [GlobalKey]). If that happens,
/// the framework will call [activate] to give the [State] object a chance to
/// reacquire any resources that it released in [deactivate]. It will then
/// also call [build] to give the object a chance to adapt to its new
/// location in the tree. If the framework does reinsert this subtree, it
/// will do so before the end of the animation frame in which the subtree was
/// removed from the tree. For this reason, [State] objects can defer
/// releasing most resources until the framework calls their [dispose] method.
///
/// The framework does not call this method the first time a [State] object
/// is inserted into the tree. Instead, the framework calls [initState] in
/// that situation.
///
/// Implementations of this method should start with a call to the inherited
/// method, as in `super.activate()`.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [Element.activate], the corresponding method when an element
/// transitions from the "inactive" to the "active" lifecycle state.
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void activate() { }
/// Called when this object is removed from the tree permanently.
///
/// The framework calls this method when this [State] object will never
/// build again. After the framework calls [dispose], the [State] object is
/// considered unmounted and the [mounted] property is false. It is an error
/// to call [setState] at this point. This stage of the lifecycle is terminal:
/// there is no way to remount a [State] object that has been disposed.
///
/// Subclasses should override this method to release any resources retained
/// by this object (e.g., stop any active animations).
///
/// {@macro flutter.widgets.State.initState}
///
/// Implementations of this method should end with a call to the inherited
/// method, as in `super.dispose()`.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [deactivate], which is called prior to [dispose].
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void dispose() {
assert(_debugLifecycleState == _StateLifecycle.ready);
assert(() {
_debugLifecycleState = _StateLifecycle.defunct;
return true;
}());
if (kFlutterMemoryAllocationsEnabled) {
MemoryAllocations.instance.dispatchObjectDisposed(object: this);
}
}
/// Describes the part of the user interface represented by this widget.
///
/// The framework calls this method in a number of different situations. For
/// example:
///
/// * After calling [initState].
/// * After calling [didUpdateWidget].
/// * After receiving a call to [setState].
/// * After a dependency of this [State] object changes (e.g., an
/// [InheritedWidget] referenced by the previous [build] changes).
/// * After calling [deactivate] and then reinserting the [State] object into
/// the tree at another location.
///
/// This method can potentially be called in every frame and should not have
/// any side effects beyond building a widget.
///
/// The framework replaces the subtree below this widget with the widget
/// returned by this method, either by updating the existing subtree or by
/// removing the subtree and inflating a new subtree, depending on whether the
/// widget returned by this method can update the root of the existing
/// subtree, as determined by calling [Widget.canUpdate].
///
/// Typically implementations return a newly created constellation of widgets
/// that are configured with information from this widget's constructor, the
/// given [BuildContext], and the internal state of this [State] object.
///
/// The given [BuildContext] contains information about the location in the
/// tree at which this widget is being built. For example, the context
/// provides the set of inherited widgets for this location in the tree. The
/// [BuildContext] argument is always the same as the [context] property of
/// this [State] object and will remain the same for the lifetime of this
/// object. The [BuildContext] argument is provided redundantly here so that
/// this method matches the signature for a [WidgetBuilder].
///
/// ## Design discussion
///
/// ### Why is the [build] method on [State], and not [StatefulWidget]?
///
/// Putting a `Widget build(BuildContext context)` method on [State] rather
/// than putting a `Widget build(BuildContext context, State state)` method
/// on [StatefulWidget] gives developers more flexibility when subclassing
/// [StatefulWidget].
///
/// For example, [AnimatedWidget] is a subclass of [StatefulWidget] that
/// introduces an abstract `Widget build(BuildContext context)` method for its
/// subclasses to implement. If [StatefulWidget] already had a [build] method
/// that took a [State] argument, [AnimatedWidget] would be forced to provide
/// its [State] object to subclasses even though its [State] object is an
/// internal implementation detail of [AnimatedWidget].
///
/// Conceptually, [StatelessWidget] could also be implemented as a subclass of
/// [StatefulWidget] in a similar manner. If the [build] method were on
/// [StatefulWidget] rather than [State], that would not be possible anymore.
///
/// Putting the [build] function on [State] rather than [StatefulWidget] also
/// helps avoid a category of bugs related to closures implicitly capturing
/// `this`. If you defined a closure in a [build] function on a
/// [StatefulWidget], that closure would implicitly capture `this`, which is
/// the current widget instance, and would have the (immutable) fields of that
/// instance in scope:
///
/// ```dart
/// // (this is not valid Flutter code)
/// class MyButton extends StatefulWidgetX {
/// MyButton({super.key, required this.color});
///
/// final Color color;
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context, State state) {
/// return SpecialWidget(
/// handler: () { print('color: $color'); },
/// );
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// For example, suppose the parent builds `MyButton` with `color` being blue,
/// the `$color` in the print function refers to blue, as expected. Now,
/// suppose the parent rebuilds `MyButton` with green. The closure created by
/// the first build still implicitly refers to the original widget and the
/// `$color` still prints blue even through the widget has been updated to
/// green; should that closure outlive its widget, it would print outdated
/// information.
///
/// In contrast, with the [build] function on the [State] object, closures
/// created during [build] implicitly capture the [State] instance instead of
/// the widget instance:
///
/// ```dart
/// class MyButton extends StatefulWidget {
/// const MyButton({super.key, this.color = Colors.teal});
///
/// final Color color;
/// // ...
/// }
///
/// class MyButtonState extends State<MyButton> {
/// // ...
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return SpecialWidget(
/// handler: () { print('color: ${widget.color}'); },
/// );
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Now when the parent rebuilds `MyButton` with green, the closure created by
/// the first build still refers to [State] object, which is preserved across
/// rebuilds, but the framework has updated that [State] object's [widget]
/// property to refer to the new `MyButton` instance and `${widget.color}`
/// prints green, as expected.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatefulWidget], which contains the discussion on performance considerations.
@protected
Widget build(BuildContext context);
/// Called when a dependency of this [State] object changes.
///
/// For example, if the previous call to [build] referenced an
/// [InheritedWidget] that later changed, the framework would call this
/// method to notify this object about the change.
///
/// This method is also called immediately after [initState]. It is safe to
/// call [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] from this method.
///
/// Subclasses rarely override this method because the framework always
/// calls [build] after a dependency changes. Some subclasses do override
/// this method because they need to do some expensive work (e.g., network
/// fetches) when their dependencies change, and that work would be too
/// expensive to do for every build.
@protected
@mustCallSuper
void didChangeDependencies() { }
@override
void debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder properties) {
super.debugFillProperties(properties);
assert(() {
properties.add(EnumProperty<_StateLifecycle>('lifecycle state', _debugLifecycleState, defaultValue: _StateLifecycle.ready));
return true;
}());
properties.add(ObjectFlagProperty<T>('_widget', _widget, ifNull: 'no widget'));
properties.add(ObjectFlagProperty<StatefulElement>('_element', _element, ifNull: 'not mounted'));
}
}
/// A widget that has a child widget provided to it, instead of building a new
/// widget.
///
/// Useful as a base class for other widgets, such as [InheritedWidget] and
/// [ParentDataWidget].
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [InheritedWidget], for widgets that introduce ambient state that can
/// be read by descendant widgets.
/// * [ParentDataWidget], for widgets that populate the
/// [RenderObject.parentData] slot of their child's [RenderObject] to
/// configure the parent widget's layout.
/// * [StatefulWidget] and [State], for widgets that can build differently
/// several times over their lifetime.
/// * [StatelessWidget], for widgets that always build the same way given a
/// particular configuration and ambient state.
/// * [Widget], for an overview of widgets in general.
abstract class ProxyWidget extends Widget {
/// Creates a widget that has exactly one child widget.
const ProxyWidget({ super.key, required this.child });
/// The widget below this widget in the tree.
///
/// {@template flutter.widgets.ProxyWidget.child}
/// This widget can only have one child. To lay out multiple children, let this
/// widget's child be a widget such as [Row], [Column], or [Stack], which have a
/// `children` property, and then provide the children to that widget.
/// {@endtemplate}
final Widget child;
}
/// Base class for widgets that hook [ParentData] information to children of
/// [RenderObjectWidget]s.
///
/// This can be used to provide per-child configuration for
/// [RenderObjectWidget]s with more than one child. For example, [Stack] uses
/// the [Positioned] parent data widget to position each child.
///
/// A [ParentDataWidget] is specific to a particular kind of [ParentData]. That
/// class is `T`, the [ParentData] type argument.
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// This example shows how you would build a [ParentDataWidget] to configure a
/// `FrogJar` widget's children by specifying a [Size] for each one.
///
/// ```dart
/// class FrogSize extends ParentDataWidget<FrogJarParentData> {
/// const FrogSize({
/// super.key,
/// required this.size,
/// required super.child,
/// });
///
/// final Size size;
///
/// @override
/// void applyParentData(RenderObject renderObject) {
/// final FrogJarParentData parentData = renderObject.parentData! as FrogJarParentData;
/// if (parentData.size != size) {
/// parentData.size = size;
/// final RenderFrogJar targetParent = renderObject.parent! as RenderFrogJar;
/// targetParent.markNeedsLayout();
/// }
/// }
///
/// @override
/// Type get debugTypicalAncestorWidgetClass => FrogJar;
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [RenderObject], the superclass for layout algorithms.
/// * [RenderObject.parentData], the slot that this class configures.
/// * [ParentData], the superclass of the data that will be placed in
/// [RenderObject.parentData] slots. The `T` type parameter for
/// [ParentDataWidget] is a [ParentData].
/// * [RenderObjectWidget], the class for widgets that wrap [RenderObject]s.
/// * [StatefulWidget] and [State], for widgets that can build differently
/// several times over their lifetime.
abstract class ParentDataWidget<T extends ParentData> extends ProxyWidget {
/// Abstract const constructor. This constructor enables subclasses to provide
/// const constructors so that they can be used in const expressions.
const ParentDataWidget({ super.key, required super.child });
@override
ParentDataElement<T> createElement() => ParentDataElement<T>(this);
/// Checks if this widget can apply its parent data to the provided
/// `renderObject`.
///
/// The [RenderObject.parentData] of the provided `renderObject` is
/// typically set up by an ancestor [RenderObjectWidget] of the type returned
/// by [debugTypicalAncestorWidgetClass].
///
/// This is called just before [applyParentData] is invoked with the same
/// [RenderObject] provided to that method.
bool debugIsValidRenderObject(RenderObject renderObject) {
assert(T != dynamic);
assert(T != ParentData);
return renderObject.parentData is T;
}
/// The [RenderObjectWidget] that is typically used to set up the [ParentData]
/// that [applyParentData] will write to.
///
/// This is only used in error messages to tell users what widget typically
/// wraps this ParentDataWidget.
Type get debugTypicalAncestorWidgetClass;
Iterable<DiagnosticsNode> _debugDescribeIncorrectParentDataType({
required ParentData? parentData,
RenderObjectWidget? parentDataCreator,
DiagnosticsNode? ownershipChain,
}) {
assert(T != dynamic);
assert(T != ParentData);
assert(debugTypicalAncestorWidgetClass != null);
final String description = 'The ParentDataWidget $this wants to apply ParentData of type $T to a RenderObject';
return <DiagnosticsNode>[
if (parentData == null)
ErrorDescription(
'$description, which has not been set up to receive any ParentData.',
)
else
ErrorDescription(
'$description, which has been set up to accept ParentData of incompatible type ${parentData.runtimeType}.',
),
ErrorHint(
'Usually, this means that the $runtimeType widget has the wrong ancestor RenderObjectWidget. '
'Typically, $runtimeType widgets are placed directly inside $debugTypicalAncestorWidgetClass widgets.',
),
if (parentDataCreator != null)
ErrorHint(
'The offending $runtimeType is currently placed inside a ${parentDataCreator.runtimeType} widget.',
),
if (ownershipChain != null)
ErrorDescription(
'The ownership chain for the RenderObject that received the incompatible parent data was:\n $ownershipChain',
),
];
}
/// Write the data from this widget into the given render object's parent data.
///
/// The framework calls this function whenever it detects that the
/// [RenderObject] associated with the [child] has outdated
/// [RenderObject.parentData]. For example, if the render object was recently
/// inserted into the render tree, the render object's parent data might not
/// match the data in this widget.
///
/// Subclasses are expected to override this function to copy data from their
/// fields into the [RenderObject.parentData] field of the given render
/// object. The render object's parent is guaranteed to have been created by a
/// widget of type `T`, which usually means that this function can assume that
/// the render object's parent data object inherits from a particular class.
///
/// If this function modifies data that can change the parent's layout or
/// painting, this function is responsible for calling
/// [RenderObject.markNeedsLayout] or [RenderObject.markNeedsPaint] on the
/// parent, as appropriate.
@protected
void applyParentData(RenderObject renderObject);
/// Whether the [ParentDataElement.applyWidgetOutOfTurn] method is allowed
/// with this widget.
///
/// This should only return true if this widget represents a [ParentData]
/// configuration that will have no impact on the layout or paint phase.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [ParentDataElement.applyWidgetOutOfTurn], which verifies this in debug
/// mode.
@protected
bool debugCanApplyOutOfTurn() => false;
}
/// Base class for widgets that efficiently propagate information down the tree.
///
/// To obtain the nearest instance of a particular type of inherited widget from
/// a build context, use [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType].
///
/// Inherited widgets, when referenced in this way, will cause the consumer to
/// rebuild when the inherited widget itself changes state.
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zbm3hjPjQMk}
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// The following is a skeleton of an inherited widget called `FrogColor`:
///
/// ```dart
/// class FrogColor extends InheritedWidget {
/// const FrogColor({
/// super.key,
/// required this.color,
/// required super.child,
/// });
///
/// final Color color;
///
/// static FrogColor of(BuildContext context) {
/// final FrogColor? result = context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<FrogColor>();
/// assert(result != null, 'No FrogColor found in context');
/// return result!;
/// }
///
/// @override
/// bool updateShouldNotify(FrogColor oldWidget) => color != oldWidget.color;
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// ## Implementing the `of` method
///
/// The convention is to provide a static method `of` on the [InheritedWidget]
/// which does the call to [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType]. This
/// allows the class to define its own fallback logic in case there isn't
/// a widget in scope. In the example above, the value returned will be
/// null in that case, but it could also have defaulted to a value.
///
/// Sometimes, the `of` method returns the data rather than the inherited
/// widget; for example, in this case it could have returned a [Color] instead
/// of the `FrogColor` widget.
///
/// Occasionally, the inherited widget is an implementation detail of another
/// class, and is therefore private. The `of` method in that case is typically
/// put on the public class instead. For example, [Theme] is implemented as a
/// [StatelessWidget] that builds a private inherited widget; [Theme.of] looks
/// for that inherited widget using [BuildContext.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType]
/// and then returns the [ThemeData].
///
/// ## Calling the `of` method
///
/// When using the `of` method, the `context` must be a descendant of the
/// [InheritedWidget], meaning it must be "below" the [InheritedWidget] in the
/// tree.
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// In this example, the `context` used is the one from the [Builder], which is
/// a child of the `FrogColor` widget, so this works.
///
/// ```dart
/// // continuing from previous example...
/// class MyPage extends StatelessWidget {
/// const MyPage({super.key});
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Scaffold(
/// body: FrogColor(
/// color: Colors.green,
/// child: Builder(
/// builder: (BuildContext innerContext) {
/// return Text(
/// 'Hello Frog',
/// style: TextStyle(color: FrogColor.of(innerContext).color),
/// );
/// },
/// ),
/// ),
/// );
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// In this example, the `context` used is the one from the `MyOtherPage` widget,
/// which is a parent of the `FrogColor` widget, so this does not work.
///
/// ```dart
/// // continuing from previous example...
///
/// class MyOtherPage extends StatelessWidget {
/// const MyOtherPage({super.key});
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return Scaffold(
/// body: FrogColor(
/// color: Colors.green,
/// child: Text(
/// 'Hello Frog',
/// style: TextStyle(color: FrogColor.of(context).color),
/// ),
/// ),
/// );
/// }
/// }
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t-8rBCGBYw}
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [StatefulWidget] and [State], for widgets that can build differently
/// several times over their lifetime.
/// * [StatelessWidget], for widgets that always build the same way given a
/// particular configuration and ambient state.
/// * [Widget], for an overview of widgets in general.
/// * [InheritedNotifier], an inherited widget whose value can be a
/// [Listenable], and which will notify dependents whenever the value
/// sends notifications.
/// * [InheritedModel], an inherited widget that allows clients to subscribe
/// to changes for subparts of the value.
abstract class InheritedWidget extends ProxyWidget {
/// Abstract const constructor. This constructor enables subclasses to provide
/// const constructors so that they can be used in const expressions.
const InheritedWidget({ super.key, required super.child });
@override
InheritedElement createElement() => InheritedElement(this);
/// Whether the framework should notify widgets that inherit from this widget.
///
/// When this widget is rebuilt, sometimes we need to rebuild the widgets that
/// inherit from this widget but sometimes we do not. For example, if the data
/// held by this widget is the same as the data held by `oldWidget`, then we
/// do not need to rebuild the widgets that inherited the data held by
/// `oldWidget`.
///
/// The framework distinguishes these cases by calling this function with the
/// widget that previously occupied this location in the tree as an argument.
/// The given widget is guaranteed to have the same [runtimeType] as this
/// object.
@protected
bool updateShouldNotify(covariant InheritedWidget oldWidget);
}
/// RenderObjectWidgets provide the configuration for [RenderObjectElement]s,
/// which wrap [RenderObject]s, which provide the actual rendering of the
/// application.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [MultiChildRenderObjectWidget], which configures a [RenderObject] with
/// a single list of children.
/// * [SlottedMultiChildRenderObjectWidgetMixin], which configures a
/// [RenderObject] that organizes its children in different named slots.
abstract class RenderObjectWidget extends Widget {
/// Abstract const constructor. This constructor enables subclasses to provide
/// const constructors so that they can be used in const expressions.
const RenderObjectWidget({ super.key });
/// RenderObjectWidgets always inflate to a [RenderObjectElement] subclass.
@override
@factory
RenderObjectElement createElement();
/// Creates an instance of the [RenderObject] class that this
/// [RenderObjectWidget] represents, using the configuration described by this
/// [RenderObjectWidget].
///
/// This method should not do anything with the children of the render object.
/// That should instead be handled by the method that overrides
/// [RenderObjectElement.mount] in the object rendered by this object's
/// [createElement] method. See, for example,
/// [SingleChildRenderObjectElement.mount].
@protected
@factory
RenderObject createRenderObject(BuildContext context);
/// Copies the configuration described by this [RenderObjectWidget] to the
/// given [RenderObject], which will be of the same type as returned by this
/// object's [createRenderObject].
///
/// This method should not do anything to update the children of the render
/// object. That should instead be handled by the method that overrides
/// [RenderObjectElement.update] in the object rendered by this object's
/// [createElement] method. See, for example,
/// [SingleChildRenderObjectElement.update].
@protected
void updateRenderObject(BuildContext context, covariant RenderObject renderObject) { }
/// A render object previously associated with this widget has been removed
/// from the tree. The given [RenderObject] will be of the same type as
/// returned by this object's [createRenderObject].
@protected
void didUnmountRenderObject(covariant RenderObject renderObject) { }
}
/// A superclass for RenderObjectWidgets that configure RenderObject subclasses
/// that have no children.
abstract class LeafRenderObjectWidget extends RenderObjectWidget {
/// Abstract const constructor. This constructor enables subclasses to provide
/// const constructors so that they can be used in const expressions.
const LeafRenderObjectWidget({ super.key });
@override
LeafRenderObjectElement createElement() => LeafRenderObjectElement(this);
}
/// A superclass for [RenderObjectWidget]s that configure [RenderObject] subclasses
/// that have a single child slot. (This superclass only provides the storage
/// for that child, it doesn't actually provide the updating logic.)
///
/// Typically, the render object assigned to this widget will make use of
/// [RenderObjectWithChildMixin] to implement a single-child model. The mixin
/// exposes a [RenderObjectWithChildMixin.child] property that allows
/// retrieving the render object belonging to the [child] widget.
abstract class SingleChildRenderObjectWidget extends RenderObjectWidget {
/// Abstract const constructor. This constructor enables subclasses to provide
/// const constructors so that they can be used in const expressions.
const SingleChildRenderObjectWidget({ super.key, this.child });
/// The widget below this widget in the tree.
///
/// {@macro flutter.widgets.ProxyWidget.child}
final Widget? child;
@override
SingleChildRenderObjectElement createElement() => SingleChildRenderObjectElement(this);
}
/// A superclass for [RenderObjectWidget]s that configure [RenderObject] subclasses
/// that have a single list of children. (This superclass only provides the
/// storage for that child list, it doesn't actually provide the updating
/// logic.)
///
/// Subclasses must return a [RenderObject] that mixes in
/// [ContainerRenderObjectMixin], which provides the necessary functionality to
/// visit the children of the container render object (the render object
/// belonging to the [children] widgets). Typically, subclasses will return a
/// [RenderBox] that mixes in both [ContainerRenderObjectMixin] and
/// [RenderBoxContainerDefaultsMixin].
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [Stack], which uses [MultiChildRenderObjectWidget].
/// * [RenderStack], for an example implementation of the associated render
/// object.
/// * [SlottedMultiChildRenderObjectWidgetMixin], which configures a
/// [RenderObject] that instead of having a single list of children organizes
/// its children in named slots.
abstract class MultiChildRenderObjectWidget extends RenderObjectWidget {
/// Initializes fields for subclasses.
///
/// The [children] argument must not be null and must not contain any null
/// objects.
MultiChildRenderObjectWidget({ super.key, this.children = const <Widget>[] })
: assert(children != null) {
assert(() {
for (int index = 0; index < children.length; index++) {
// TODO(a14n): remove this check to have a lot more const widget
if (children[index] == null) {
throw FlutterError(
"$runtimeType's children must not contain any null values, "
'but a null value was found at index $index',
);
}
}
return true;
}()); // https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/29276
}
/// The widgets below this widget in the tree.
///
/// If this list is going to be mutated, it is usually wise to put a [Key] on
/// each of the child widgets, so that the framework can match old
/// configurations to new configurations and maintain the underlying render
/// objects.
///
/// Also, a [Widget] in Flutter is immutable, so directly modifying the
/// [children] such as `someMultiChildRenderObjectWidget.children.add(...)` or
/// as the example code below will result in incorrect behaviors. Whenever the
/// children list is modified, a new list object should be provided.
///
/// ```dart
/// // This code is incorrect.
/// class SomeWidgetState extends State<SomeWidget> {
/// final List<Widget> _children = <Widget>[];
///
/// void someHandler() {
/// setState(() {
/// _children.add(const ChildWidget());
/// });
/// }
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// // Reusing `List<Widget> _children` here is problematic.
/// return Row(children: _children);
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The following code corrects the problem mentioned above.
///
/// ```dart
/// class SomeWidgetState extends State<SomeWidget> {
/// final List<Widget> _children = <Widget>[];
///
/// void someHandler() {
/// setState(() {
/// // The key here allows Flutter to reuse the underlying render
/// // objects even if the children list is recreated.
/// _children.add(ChildWidget(key: UniqueKey()));
/// });
/// }
///
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// // Always create a new list of children as a Widget is immutable.
/// return Row(children: _children.toList());
/// }
/// }
/// ```
final List<Widget> children;
@override
MultiChildRenderObjectElement createElement() => MultiChildRenderObjectElement(this);
}
// ELEMENTS
enum _ElementLifecycle {
initial,
active,
inactive,
defunct,
}
class _InactiveElements {
bool _locked = false;
final Set<Element> _elements = HashSet<Element>();
void _unmount(Element element) {
assert(element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.inactive);
assert(() {
if (debugPrintGlobalKeyedWidgetLifecycle) {
if (element.widget.key is GlobalKey) {
debugPrint('Discarding $element from inactive elements list.');
}
}
return true;
}());
element.visitChildren((Element child) {
assert(child._parent == element);
_unmount(child);
});
element.unmount();
assert(element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.defunct);
}
void _unmountAll() {
_locked = true;
final List<Element> elements = _elements.toList()..sort(Element._sort);
_elements.clear();
try {
elements.reversed.forEach(_unmount);
} finally {
assert(_elements.isEmpty);
_locked = false;
}
}
static void _deactivateRecursively(Element element) {
assert(element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.active);
element.deactivate();
assert(element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.inactive);
element.visitChildren(_deactivateRecursively);
assert(() {
element.debugDeactivated();
return true;
}());
}
void add(Element element) {
assert(!_locked);
assert(!_elements.contains(element));
assert(element._parent == null);
if (element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.active) {
_deactivateRecursively(element);
}
_elements.add(element);
}
void remove(Element element) {
assert(!_locked);
assert(_elements.contains(element));
assert(element._parent == null);
_elements.remove(element);
assert(element._lifecycleState != _ElementLifecycle.active);
}
bool debugContains(Element element) {
late bool result;
assert(() {
result = _elements.contains(element);
return true;
}());
return result;
}
}
/// Signature for the callback to [BuildContext.visitChildElements].
///
/// The argument is the child being visited.
///
/// It is safe to call `element.visitChildElements` reentrantly within
/// this callback.
typedef ElementVisitor = void Function(Element element);
/// A handle to the location of a widget in the widget tree.
///
/// This class presents a set of methods that can be used from
/// [StatelessWidget.build] methods and from methods on [State] objects.
///
/// [BuildContext] objects are passed to [WidgetBuilder] functions (such as
/// [StatelessWidget.build]), and are available from the [State.context] member.
/// Some static functions (e.g. [showDialog], [Theme.of], and so forth) also
/// take build contexts so that they can act on behalf of the calling widget, or
/// obtain data specifically for the given context.
///
/// Each widget has its own [BuildContext], which becomes the parent of the
/// widget returned by the [StatelessWidget.build] or [State.build] function.
/// (And similarly, the parent of any children for [RenderObjectWidget]s.)
///
/// In particular, this means that within a build method, the build context of
/// the widget of the build method is not the same as the build context of the
/// widgets returned by that build method. This can lead to some tricky cases.
/// For example, [Theme.of(context)] looks for the nearest enclosing [Theme] of
/// the given build context. If a build method for a widget Q includes a [Theme]
/// within its returned widget tree, and attempts to use [Theme.of] passing its
/// own context, the build method for Q will not find that [Theme] object. It
/// will instead find whatever [Theme] was an ancestor to the widget Q. If the
/// build context for a subpart of the returned tree is needed, a [Builder]
/// widget can be used: the build context passed to the [Builder.builder]
/// callback will be that of the [Builder] itself.
///
/// For example, in the following snippet, the [ScaffoldState.showBottomSheet]
/// method is called on the [Scaffold] widget that the build method itself
/// creates. If a [Builder] had not been used, and instead the `context`
/// argument of the build method itself had been used, no [Scaffold] would have
/// been found, and the [Scaffold.of] function would have returned null.
///
/// ```dart
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// // here, Scaffold.of(context) returns null
/// return Scaffold(
/// appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Demo')),
/// body: Builder(
/// builder: (BuildContext context) {
/// return TextButton(
/// child: const Text('BUTTON'),
/// onPressed: () {
/// Scaffold.of(context).showBottomSheet<void>(
/// (BuildContext context) {
/// return Container(
/// alignment: Alignment.center,
/// height: 200,
/// color: Colors.amber,
/// child: Center(
/// child: Column(
/// mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
/// children: <Widget>[
/// const Text('BottomSheet'),
/// ElevatedButton(
/// child: const Text('Close BottomSheet'),
/// onPressed: () {
/// Navigator.pop(context);
/// },
/// )
/// ],
/// ),
/// ),
/// );
/// },
/// );
/// },
/// );
/// },
/// )
/// );
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The [BuildContext] for a particular widget can change location over time as
/// the widget is moved around the tree. Because of this, values returned from
/// the methods on this class should not be cached beyond the execution of a
/// single synchronous function.
///
/// {@youtube 560 315 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIaaH87z1-g}
///
/// Avoid storing instances of [BuildContext]s because they may become invalid
/// if the widget they are associated with is unmounted from the widget tree.
/// {@template flutter.widgets.BuildContext.asynchronous_gap}
/// If a [BuildContext] is used across an asynchronous gap (i.e. after performing
/// an asynchronous operation), consider checking [mounted] to determine whether
/// the context is still valid before interacting with it:
///
/// ```dart
/// @override
/// Widget build(BuildContext context) {
/// return OutlinedButton(
/// onPressed: () async {
/// await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));
/// if (context.mounted) {
/// Navigator.of(context).pop();
/// }
/// },
/// child: const Text('Delayed pop'),
/// );
/// }
/// ```
/// {@endtemplate}
///
/// [BuildContext] objects are actually [Element] objects. The [BuildContext]
/// interface is used to discourage direct manipulation of [Element] objects.
abstract class BuildContext {
/// The current configuration of the [Element] that is this [BuildContext].
Widget get widget;
/// The [BuildOwner] for this context. The [BuildOwner] is in charge of
/// managing the rendering pipeline for this context.
BuildOwner? get owner;
/// Whether the [Widget] this context is associated with is currently
/// mounted in the widget tree.
///
/// Accessing the properties of the [BuildContext] or calling any methods on
/// it is only valid while mounted is true. If mounted is false, assertions
/// will trigger.
///
/// Once unmounted, a given [BuildContext] will never become mounted again.
///
/// {@macro flutter.widgets.BuildContext.asynchronous_gap}
bool get mounted;
/// Whether the [widget] is currently updating the widget or render tree.
///
/// For [StatefulWidget]s and [StatelessWidget]s this flag is true while
/// their respective build methods are executing.
/// [RenderObjectWidget]s set this to true while creating or configuring their
/// associated [RenderObject]s.
/// Other [Widget] types may set this to true for conceptually similar phases
/// of their lifecycle.
///
/// When this is true, it is safe for [widget] to establish a dependency to an
/// [InheritedWidget] by calling [dependOnInheritedElement] or
/// [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType].
///
/// Accessing this flag in release mode is not valid.
bool get debugDoingBuild;
/// The current [RenderObject] for the widget. If the widget is a
/// [RenderObjectWidget], this is the render object that the widget created
/// for itself. Otherwise, it is the render object of the first descendant
/// [RenderObjectWidget].
///
/// This method will only return a valid result after the build phase is
/// complete. It is therefore not valid to call this from a build method.
/// It should only be called from interaction event handlers (e.g.
/// gesture callbacks) or layout or paint callbacks. It is also not valid to
/// call if [State.mounted] returns false.
///
/// If the render object is a [RenderBox], which is the common case, then the
/// size of the render object can be obtained from the [size] getter. This is
/// only valid after the layout phase, and should therefore only be examined
/// from paint callbacks or interaction event handlers (e.g. gesture
/// callbacks).
///
/// For details on the different phases of a frame, see the discussion at
/// [WidgetsBinding.drawFrame].
///
/// Calling this method is theoretically relatively expensive (O(N) in the
/// depth of the tree), but in practice is usually cheap because the tree
/// usually has many render objects and therefore the distance to the nearest
/// render object is usually short.
RenderObject? findRenderObject();
/// The size of the [RenderBox] returned by [findRenderObject].
///
/// This getter will only return a valid result after the layout phase is
/// complete. It is therefore not valid to call this from a build method.
/// It should only be called from paint callbacks or interaction event
/// handlers (e.g. gesture callbacks).
///
/// For details on the different phases of a frame, see the discussion at
/// [WidgetsBinding.drawFrame].
///
/// This getter will only return a valid result if [findRenderObject] actually
/// returns a [RenderBox]. If [findRenderObject] returns a render object that
/// is not a subtype of [RenderBox] (e.g., [RenderView]), this getter will
/// throw an exception in debug mode and will return null in release mode.
///
/// Calling this getter is theoretically relatively expensive (O(N) in the
/// depth of the tree), but in practice is usually cheap because the tree
/// usually has many render objects and therefore the distance to the nearest
/// render object is usually short.
Size? get size;
/// Registers this build context with [ancestor] such that when
/// [ancestor]'s widget changes this build context is rebuilt.
///
/// Returns `ancestor.widget`.
///
/// This method is rarely called directly. Most applications should use
/// [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType], which calls this method after finding
/// the appropriate [InheritedElement] ancestor.
///
/// All of the qualifications about when [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] can
/// be called apply to this method as well.
InheritedWidget dependOnInheritedElement(InheritedElement ancestor, { Object aspect });
/// Obtains the nearest widget of the given type `T`, which must be the type of a
/// concrete [InheritedWidget] subclass, and registers this build context with
/// that widget such that when that widget changes (or a new widget of that
/// type is introduced, or the widget goes away), this build context is
/// rebuilt so that it can obtain new values from that widget.
///
/// This is typically called implicitly from `of()` static methods, e.g.
/// [Theme.of].
///
/// This method should not be called from widget constructors or from
/// [State.initState] methods, because those methods would not get called
/// again if the inherited value were to change. To ensure that the widget
/// correctly updates itself when the inherited value changes, only call this
/// (directly or indirectly) from build methods, layout and paint callbacks, or
/// from [State.didChangeDependencies].
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.dispose] because the element
/// tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to an ancestor from that
/// method, save a reference to the ancestor in [State.didChangeDependencies].
/// It is safe to use this method from [State.deactivate], which is called
/// whenever the widget is removed from the tree.
///
/// It is also possible to call this method from interaction event handlers
/// (e.g. gesture callbacks) or timers, to obtain a value once, if that value
/// is not going to be cached and reused later.
///
/// Calling this method is O(1) with a small constant factor, but will lead to
/// the widget being rebuilt more often.
///
/// Once a widget registers a dependency on a particular type by calling this
/// method, it will be rebuilt, and [State.didChangeDependencies] will be
/// called, whenever changes occur relating to that widget until the next time
/// the widget or one of its ancestors is moved (for example, because an
/// ancestor is added or removed).
///
/// The [aspect] parameter is only used when `T` is an
/// [InheritedWidget] subclasses that supports partial updates, like
/// [InheritedModel]. It specifies what "aspect" of the inherited
/// widget this context depends on.
T? dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<T extends InheritedWidget>({ Object? aspect });
/// Obtains the element corresponding to the nearest widget of the given type `T`,
/// which must be the type of a concrete [InheritedWidget] subclass.
///
/// Returns null if no such element is found.
///
/// Calling this method is O(1) with a small constant factor.
///
/// This method does not establish a relationship with the target in the way
/// that [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] does.
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.dispose] because the element
/// tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to an ancestor from that
/// method, save a reference to the ancestor by calling
/// [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] in [State.didChangeDependencies]. It is
/// safe to use this method from [State.deactivate], which is called whenever
/// the widget is removed from the tree.
InheritedElement? getElementForInheritedWidgetOfExactType<T extends InheritedWidget>();
/// Returns the nearest ancestor widget of the given type `T`, which must be the
/// type of a concrete [Widget] subclass.
///
/// In general, [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] is more useful, since
/// inherited widgets will trigger consumers to rebuild when they change. This
/// method is appropriate when used in interaction event handlers (e.g.
/// gesture callbacks) or for performing one-off tasks such as asserting that
/// you have or don't have a widget of a specific type as an ancestor. The
/// return value of a Widget's build method should not depend on the value
/// returned by this method, because the build context will not rebuild if the
/// return value of this method changes. This could lead to a situation where
/// data used in the build method changes, but the widget is not rebuilt.
///
/// Calling this method is relatively expensive (O(N) in the depth of the
/// tree). Only call this method if the distance from this widget to the
/// desired ancestor is known to be small and bounded.
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.deactivate] or [State.dispose]
/// because the widget tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to
/// an ancestor from one of those methods, save a reference to the ancestor
/// by calling [findAncestorWidgetOfExactType] in [State.didChangeDependencies].
///
/// Returns null if a widget of the requested type does not appear in the
/// ancestors of this context.
T? findAncestorWidgetOfExactType<T extends Widget>();
/// Returns the [State] object of the nearest ancestor [StatefulWidget] widget
/// that is an instance of the given type `T`.
///
/// This should not be used from build methods, because the build context will
/// not be rebuilt if the value that would be returned by this method changes.
/// In general, [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] is more appropriate for such
/// cases. This method is useful for changing the state of an ancestor widget in
/// a one-off manner, for example, to cause an ancestor scrolling list to
/// scroll this build context's widget into view, or to move the focus in
/// response to user interaction.
///
/// In general, though, consider using a callback that triggers a stateful
/// change in the ancestor rather than using the imperative style implied by
/// this method. This will usually lead to more maintainable and reusable code
/// since it decouples widgets from each other.
///
/// Calling this method is relatively expensive (O(N) in the depth of the
/// tree). Only call this method if the distance from this widget to the
/// desired ancestor is known to be small and bounded.
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.deactivate] or [State.dispose]
/// because the widget tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to
/// an ancestor from one of those methods, save a reference to the ancestor
/// by calling [findAncestorStateOfType] in [State.didChangeDependencies].
///
/// {@tool snippet}
///
/// ```dart
/// ScrollableState? scrollable = context.findAncestorStateOfType<ScrollableState>();
/// ```
/// {@end-tool}
T? findAncestorStateOfType<T extends State>();
/// Returns the [State] object of the furthest ancestor [StatefulWidget] widget
/// that is an instance of the given type `T`.
///
/// Functions the same way as [findAncestorStateOfType] but keeps visiting subsequent
/// ancestors until there are none of the type instance of `T` remaining.
/// Then returns the last one found.
///
/// This operation is O(N) as well though N is the entire widget tree rather than
/// a subtree.
T? findRootAncestorStateOfType<T extends State>();
/// Returns the [RenderObject] object of the nearest ancestor [RenderObjectWidget] widget
/// that is an instance of the given type `T`.
///
/// This should not be used from build methods, because the build context will
/// not be rebuilt if the value that would be returned by this method changes.
/// In general, [dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType] is more appropriate for such
/// cases. This method is useful only in esoteric cases where a widget needs
/// to cause an ancestor to change its layout or paint behavior. For example,
/// it is used by [Material] so that [InkWell] widgets can trigger the ink
/// splash on the [Material]'s actual render object.
///
/// Calling this method is relatively expensive (O(N) in the depth of the
/// tree). Only call this method if the distance from this widget to the
/// desired ancestor is known to be small and bounded.
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.deactivate] or [State.dispose]
/// because the widget tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to
/// an ancestor from one of those methods, save a reference to the ancestor
/// by calling [findAncestorRenderObjectOfType] in [State.didChangeDependencies].
T? findAncestorRenderObjectOfType<T extends RenderObject>();
/// Walks the ancestor chain, starting with the parent of this build context's
/// widget, invoking the argument for each ancestor. The callback is given a
/// reference to the ancestor widget's corresponding [Element] object. The
/// walk stops when it reaches the root widget or when the callback returns
/// false. The callback must not return null.
///
/// This is useful for inspecting the widget tree.
///
/// Calling this method is relatively expensive (O(N) in the depth of the tree).
///
/// This method should not be called from [State.deactivate] or [State.dispose]
/// because the element tree is no longer stable at that time. To refer to
/// an ancestor from one of those methods, save a reference to the ancestor
/// by calling [visitAncestorElements] in [State.didChangeDependencies].
void visitAncestorElements(bool Function(Element element) visitor);
/// Walks the children of this widget.
///
/// This is useful for applying changes to children after they are built
/// without waiting for the next frame, especially if the children are known,
/// and especially if there is exactly one child (as is always the case for
/// [StatefulWidget]s or [StatelessWidget]s).
///
/// Calling this method is very cheap for build contexts that correspond to
/// [StatefulWidget]s or [StatelessWidget]s (O(1), since there's only one
/// child).
///
/// Calling this method is potentially expensive for build contexts that
/// correspond to [RenderObjectWidget]s (O(N) in the number of children).
///
/// Calling this method recursively is extremely expensive (O(N) in the number
/// of descendants), and should be avoided if possible. Generally it is
/// significantly cheaper to use an [InheritedWidget] and have the descendants
/// pull data down, than it is to use [visitChildElements] recursively to push
/// data down to them.
void visitChildElements(ElementVisitor visitor);
/// Start bubbling this notification at the given build context.
///
/// The notification will be delivered to any [NotificationListener] widgets
/// with the appropriate type parameters that are ancestors of the given
/// [BuildContext].
void dispatchNotification(Notification notification);
/// Returns a description of the [Element] associated with the current build context.
///
/// The `name` is typically something like "The element being rebuilt was".
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [Element.describeElements], which can be used to describe a list of elements.
DiagnosticsNode describeElement(String name, {DiagnosticsTreeStyle style = DiagnosticsTreeStyle.errorProperty});
/// Returns a description of the [Widget] associated with the current build context.
///
/// The `name` is typically something like "The widget being rebuilt was".
DiagnosticsNode describeWidget(String name, {DiagnosticsTreeStyle style = DiagnosticsTreeStyle.errorProperty});
/// Adds a description of a specific type of widget missing from the current
/// build context's ancestry tree.
///
/// You can find an example of using this method in [debugCheckHasMaterial].
List<DiagnosticsNode> describeMissingAncestor({ required Type expectedAncestorType });
/// Adds a description of the ownership chain from a specific [Element]
/// to the error report.
///
/// The ownership chain is useful for debugging the source of an element.
DiagnosticsNode describeOwnershipChain(String name);
}
/// Manager class for the widgets framework.
///
/// This class tracks which widgets need rebuilding, and handles other tasks
/// that apply to widget trees as a whole, such as managing the inactive element
/// list for the tree and triggering the "reassemble" command when necessary
/// during hot reload when debugging.
///
/// The main build owner is typically owned by the [WidgetsBinding], and is
/// driven from the operating system along with the rest of the
/// build/layout/paint pipeline.
///
/// Additional build owners can be built to manage off-screen widget trees.
///
/// To assign a build owner to a tree, use the
/// [RootRenderObjectElement.assignOwner] method on the root element of the
/// widget tree.
///
/// {@tool dartpad}
/// This example shows how to build an off-screen widget tree used to measure
/// the layout size of the rendered tree. For some use cases, the simpler
/// [Offstage] widget may be a better alternative to this approach.
///
/// ** See code in examples/api/lib/widgets/framework/build_owner.0.dart **
/// {@end-tool}
class BuildOwner {
/// Creates an object that manages widgets.
///
/// If the `focusManager` argument is not specified or is null, this will
/// construct a new [FocusManager] and register its global input handlers
/// via [FocusManager.registerGlobalHandlers], which will modify static
/// state. Callers wishing to avoid altering this state can explicitly pass
/// a focus manager here.
BuildOwner({ this.onBuildScheduled, FocusManager? focusManager }) :
focusManager = focusManager ?? (FocusManager()..registerGlobalHandlers());
/// Called on each build pass when the first buildable element is marked
/// dirty.
VoidCallback? onBuildScheduled;
final _InactiveElements _inactiveElements = _InactiveElements();
final List<Element> _dirtyElements = <Element>[];
bool _scheduledFlushDirtyElements = false;
/// Whether [_dirtyElements] need to be sorted again as a result of more
/// elements becoming dirty during the build.
///
/// This is necessary to preserve the sort order defined by [Element._sort].
///
/// This field is set to null when [buildScope] is not actively rebuilding
/// the widget tree.
bool? _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting;
/// Whether [buildScope] is actively rebuilding the widget tree.
///
/// [scheduleBuildFor] should only be called when this value is true.
bool get _debugIsInBuildScope => _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting != null;
/// The object in charge of the focus tree.
///
/// Rarely used directly. Instead, consider using [FocusScope.of] to obtain
/// the [FocusScopeNode] for a given [BuildContext].
///
/// See [FocusManager] for more details.
///
/// This field will default to a [FocusManager] that has registered its
/// global input handlers via [FocusManager.registerGlobalHandlers]. Callers
/// wishing to avoid registering those handlers (and modifying the associated
/// static state) can explicitly pass a focus manager to the [BuildOwner.new]
/// constructor.
FocusManager focusManager;
/// Adds an element to the dirty elements list so that it will be rebuilt
/// when [WidgetsBinding.drawFrame] calls [buildScope].
void scheduleBuildFor(Element element) {
assert(element != null);
assert(element.owner == this);
assert(() {
if (debugPrintScheduleBuildForStacks) {
debugPrintStack(label: 'scheduleBuildFor() called for $element${_dirtyElements.contains(element) ? " (ALREADY IN LIST)" : ""}');
}
if (!element.dirty) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('scheduleBuildFor() called for a widget that is not marked as dirty.'),
element.describeElement('The method was called for the following element'),
ErrorDescription(
'This element is not current marked as dirty. Make sure to set the dirty flag before '
'calling scheduleBuildFor().',
),
ErrorHint(
'If you did not attempt to call scheduleBuildFor() yourself, then this probably '
'indicates a bug in the widgets framework. Please report it:\n'
' https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/new?template=2_bug.md',
),
]);
}
return true;
}());
if (element._inDirtyList) {
assert(() {
if (debugPrintScheduleBuildForStacks) {
debugPrintStack(label: 'BuildOwner.scheduleBuildFor() called; _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting was $_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting (now true); dirty list is: $_dirtyElements');
}
if (!_debugIsInBuildScope) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('BuildOwner.scheduleBuildFor() called inappropriately.'),
ErrorHint(
'The BuildOwner.scheduleBuildFor() method should only be called while the '
'buildScope() method is actively rebuilding the widget tree.',
),
]);
}
return true;
}());
_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = true;
return;
}
if (!_scheduledFlushDirtyElements && onBuildScheduled != null) {
_scheduledFlushDirtyElements = true;
onBuildScheduled!();
}
_dirtyElements.add(element);
element._inDirtyList = true;
assert(() {
if (debugPrintScheduleBuildForStacks) {
debugPrint('...dirty list is now: $_dirtyElements');
}
return true;
}());
}
int _debugStateLockLevel = 0;
bool get _debugStateLocked => _debugStateLockLevel > 0;
/// Whether this widget tree is in the build phase.
///
/// Only valid when asserts are enabled.
bool get debugBuilding => _debugBuilding;
bool _debugBuilding = false;
Element? _debugCurrentBuildTarget;
/// Establishes a scope in which calls to [State.setState] are forbidden, and
/// calls the given `callback`.
///
/// This mechanism is used to ensure that, for instance, [State.dispose] does
/// not call [State.setState].
void lockState(VoidCallback callback) {
assert(callback != null);
assert(_debugStateLockLevel >= 0);
assert(() {
_debugStateLockLevel += 1;
return true;
}());
try {
callback();
} finally {
assert(() {
_debugStateLockLevel -= 1;
return true;
}());
}
assert(_debugStateLockLevel >= 0);
}
/// Establishes a scope for updating the widget tree, and calls the given
/// `callback`, if any. Then, builds all the elements that were marked as
/// dirty using [scheduleBuildFor], in depth order.
///
/// This mechanism prevents build methods from transitively requiring other
/// build methods to run, potentially causing infinite loops.
///
/// The dirty list is processed after `callback` returns, building all the
/// elements that were marked as dirty using [scheduleBuildFor], in depth
/// order. If elements are marked as dirty while this method is running, they
/// must be deeper than the `context` node, and deeper than any
/// previously-built node in this pass.
///
/// To flush the current dirty list without performing any other work, this
/// function can be called with no callback. This is what the framework does
/// each frame, in [WidgetsBinding.drawFrame].
///
/// Only one [buildScope] can be active at a time.
///
/// A [buildScope] implies a [lockState] scope as well.
///
/// To print a console message every time this method is called, set
/// [debugPrintBuildScope] to true. This is useful when debugging problems
/// involving widgets not getting marked dirty, or getting marked dirty too
/// often.
@pragma('vm:notify-debugger-on-exception')
void buildScope(Element context, [ VoidCallback? callback ]) {
if (callback == null && _dirtyElements.isEmpty) {
return;
}
assert(context != null);
assert(_debugStateLockLevel >= 0);
assert(!_debugBuilding);
assert(() {
if (debugPrintBuildScope) {
debugPrint('buildScope called with context $context; dirty list is: $_dirtyElements');
}
_debugStateLockLevel += 1;
_debugBuilding = true;
return true;
}());
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Map<String, String>? debugTimelineArguments;
assert(() {
if (debugEnhanceBuildTimelineArguments) {
debugTimelineArguments = <String, String>{
'dirty count': '${_dirtyElements.length}',
'dirty list': '$_dirtyElements',
'lock level': '$_debugStateLockLevel',
'scope context': '$context',
};
}
return true;
}());
Timeline.startSync(
'BUILD',
arguments: debugTimelineArguments
);
}
try {
_scheduledFlushDirtyElements = true;
if (callback != null) {
assert(_debugStateLocked);
Element? debugPreviousBuildTarget;
assert(() {
debugPreviousBuildTarget = _debugCurrentBuildTarget;
_debugCurrentBuildTarget = context;
return true;
}());
_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = false;
try {
callback();
} finally {
assert(() {
assert(_debugCurrentBuildTarget == context);
_debugCurrentBuildTarget = debugPreviousBuildTarget;
_debugElementWasRebuilt(context);
return true;
}());
}
}
_dirtyElements.sort(Element._sort);
_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = false;
int dirtyCount = _dirtyElements.length;
int index = 0;
while (index < dirtyCount) {
final Element element = _dirtyElements[index];
assert(element != null);
assert(element._inDirtyList);
assert(() {
if (element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.active && !element._debugIsInScope(context)) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('Tried to build dirty widget in the wrong build scope.'),
ErrorDescription(
'A widget which was marked as dirty and is still active was scheduled to be built, '
'but the current build scope unexpectedly does not contain that widget.',
),
ErrorHint(
'Sometimes this is detected when an element is removed from the widget tree, but the '
'element somehow did not get marked as inactive. In that case, it might be caused by '
'an ancestor element failing to implement visitChildren correctly, thus preventing '
'some or all of its descendants from being correctly deactivated.',
),
DiagnosticsProperty<Element>(
'The root of the build scope was',
context,
style: DiagnosticsTreeStyle.errorProperty,
),
DiagnosticsProperty<Element>(
'The offending element (which does not appear to be a descendant of the root of the build scope) was',
element,
style: DiagnosticsTreeStyle.errorProperty,
),
]);
}
return true;
}());
final bool isTimelineTracked = !kReleaseMode && _isProfileBuildsEnabledFor(element.widget);
if (isTimelineTracked) {
Map<String, String>? debugTimelineArguments;
assert(() {
if (kDebugMode && debugEnhanceBuildTimelineArguments) {
debugTimelineArguments = element.widget.toDiagnosticsNode().toTimelineArguments();
}
return true;
}());
Timeline.startSync(
'${element.widget.runtimeType}',
arguments: debugTimelineArguments,
);
}
try {
element.rebuild();
} catch (e, stack) {
_debugReportException(
ErrorDescription('while rebuilding dirty elements'),
e,
stack,
informationCollector: () => <DiagnosticsNode>[
if (kDebugMode && index < _dirtyElements.length)
DiagnosticsDebugCreator(DebugCreator(element)),
if (index < _dirtyElements.length)
element.describeElement('The element being rebuilt at the time was index $index of $dirtyCount')
else
ErrorHint('The element being rebuilt at the time was index $index of $dirtyCount, but _dirtyElements only had ${_dirtyElements.length} entries. This suggests some confusion in the framework internals.'),
],
);
}
if (isTimelineTracked) {
Timeline.finishSync();
}
index += 1;
if (dirtyCount < _dirtyElements.length || _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting!) {
_dirtyElements.sort(Element._sort);
_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = false;
dirtyCount = _dirtyElements.length;
while (index > 0 && _dirtyElements[index - 1].dirty) {
// It is possible for previously dirty but inactive widgets to move right in the list.
// We therefore have to move the index left in the list to account for this.
// We don't know how many could have moved. However, we do know that the only possible
// change to the list is that nodes that were previously to the left of the index have
// now moved to be to the right of the right-most cleaned node, and we do know that
// all the clean nodes were to the left of the index. So we move the index left
// until just after the right-most clean node.
index -= 1;
}
}
}
assert(() {
if (_dirtyElements.any((Element element) => element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.active && element.dirty)) {
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('buildScope missed some dirty elements.'),
ErrorHint('This probably indicates that the dirty list should have been resorted but was not.'),
Element.describeElements('The list of dirty elements at the end of the buildScope call was', _dirtyElements),
]);
}
return true;
}());
} finally {
for (final Element element in _dirtyElements) {
assert(element._inDirtyList);
element._inDirtyList = false;
}
_dirtyElements.clear();
_scheduledFlushDirtyElements = false;
_dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = null;
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Timeline.finishSync();
}
assert(_debugBuilding);
assert(() {
_debugBuilding = false;
_debugStateLockLevel -= 1;
if (debugPrintBuildScope) {
debugPrint('buildScope finished');
}
return true;
}());
}
assert(_debugStateLockLevel >= 0);
}
Map<Element, Set<GlobalKey>>? _debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans;
void _debugTrackElementThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans(Element node, GlobalKey key) {
_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans ??= HashMap<Element, Set<GlobalKey>>();
final Set<GlobalKey> keys = _debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans!
.putIfAbsent(node, () => HashSet<GlobalKey>());
keys.add(key);
}
void _debugElementWasRebuilt(Element node) {
_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans?.remove(node);
}
final Map<GlobalKey, Element> _globalKeyRegistry = <GlobalKey, Element>{};
// In Profile/Release mode this field is initialized to `null`. The Dart compiler can
// eliminate unused fields, but not their initializers.
@_debugOnly
final Set<Element>? _debugIllFatedElements = kDebugMode ? HashSet<Element>() : null;
// This map keeps track which child reserves the global key with the parent.
// Parent, child -> global key.
// This provides us a way to remove old reservation while parent rebuilds the
// child in the same slot.
//
// In Profile/Release mode this field is initialized to `null`. The Dart compiler can
// eliminate unused fields, but not their initializers.
@_debugOnly
final Map<Element, Map<Element, GlobalKey>>? _debugGlobalKeyReservations = kDebugMode ? <Element, Map<Element, GlobalKey>>{} : null;
/// The number of [GlobalKey] instances that are currently associated with
/// [Element]s that have been built by this build owner.
int get globalKeyCount => _globalKeyRegistry.length;
void _debugRemoveGlobalKeyReservationFor(Element parent, Element child) {
assert(() {
assert(parent != null);
assert(child != null);
_debugGlobalKeyReservations?[parent]?.remove(child);
return true;
}());
}
void _registerGlobalKey(GlobalKey key, Element element) {
assert(() {
if (_globalKeyRegistry.containsKey(key)) {
assert(element.widget != null);
final Element oldElement = _globalKeyRegistry[key]!;
assert(oldElement.widget != null);
assert(element.widget.runtimeType != oldElement.widget.runtimeType);
_debugIllFatedElements?.add(oldElement);
}
return true;
}());
_globalKeyRegistry[key] = element;
}
void _unregisterGlobalKey(GlobalKey key, Element element) {
assert(() {
if (_globalKeyRegistry.containsKey(key) && _globalKeyRegistry[key] != element) {
assert(element.widget != null);
final Element oldElement = _globalKeyRegistry[key]!;
assert(oldElement.widget != null);
assert(element.widget.runtimeType != oldElement.widget.runtimeType);
}
return true;
}());
if (_globalKeyRegistry[key] == element) {
_globalKeyRegistry.remove(key);
}
}
void _debugReserveGlobalKeyFor(Element parent, Element child, GlobalKey key) {
assert(() {
assert(parent != null);
assert(child != null);
_debugGlobalKeyReservations?[parent] ??= <Element, GlobalKey>{};
_debugGlobalKeyReservations?[parent]![child] = key;
return true;
}());
}
void _debugVerifyGlobalKeyReservation() {
assert(() {
final Map<GlobalKey, Element> keyToParent = <GlobalKey, Element>{};
_debugGlobalKeyReservations?.forEach((Element parent, Map<Element, GlobalKey> childToKey) {
// We ignore parent that are unmounted or detached.
if (parent._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.defunct || parent.renderObject?.attached == false) {
return;
}
childToKey.forEach((Element child, GlobalKey key) {
// If parent = null, the node is deactivated by its parent and is
// not re-attached to other part of the tree. We should ignore this
// node.
if (child._parent == null) {
return;
}
// It is possible the same key registers to the same parent twice
// with different children. That is illegal, but it is not in the
// scope of this check. Such error will be detected in
// _debugVerifyIllFatedPopulation or
// _debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans.
if (keyToParent.containsKey(key) && keyToParent[key] != parent) {
// We have duplication reservations for the same global key.
final Element older = keyToParent[key]!;
final Element newer = parent;
final FlutterError error;
if (older.toString() != newer.toString()) {
error = FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('Multiple widgets used the same GlobalKey.'),
ErrorDescription(
'The key $key was used by multiple widgets. The parents of those widgets were:\n'
'- $older\n'
'- $newer\n'
'A GlobalKey can only be specified on one widget at a time in the widget tree.',
),
]);
} else {
error = FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('Multiple widgets used the same GlobalKey.'),
ErrorDescription(
'The key $key was used by multiple widgets. The parents of those widgets were '
'different widgets that both had the following description:\n'
' $parent\n'
'A GlobalKey can only be specified on one widget at a time in the widget tree.',
),
]);
}
// Fix the tree by removing the duplicated child from one of its
// parents to resolve the duplicated key issue. This allows us to
// tear down the tree during testing without producing additional
// misleading exceptions.
if (child._parent != older) {
older.visitChildren((Element currentChild) {
if (currentChild == child) {
older.forgetChild(child);
}
});
}
if (child._parent != newer) {
newer.visitChildren((Element currentChild) {
if (currentChild == child) {
newer.forgetChild(child);
}
});
}
throw error;
} else {
keyToParent[key] = parent;
}
});
});
_debugGlobalKeyReservations?.clear();
return true;
}());
}
void _debugVerifyIllFatedPopulation() {
assert(() {
Map<GlobalKey, Set<Element>>? duplicates;
for (final Element element in _debugIllFatedElements ?? const <Element>{}) {
if (element._lifecycleState != _ElementLifecycle.defunct) {
assert(element != null);
assert(element.widget != null);
assert(element.widget.key != null);
final GlobalKey key = element.widget.key! as GlobalKey;
assert(_globalKeyRegistry.containsKey(key));
duplicates ??= <GlobalKey, Set<Element>>{};
// Uses ordered set to produce consistent error message.
final Set<Element> elements = duplicates.putIfAbsent(key, () => LinkedHashSet<Element>());
elements.add(element);
elements.add(_globalKeyRegistry[key]!);
}
}
_debugIllFatedElements?.clear();
if (duplicates != null) {
final List<DiagnosticsNode> information = <DiagnosticsNode>[];
information.add(ErrorSummary('Multiple widgets used the same GlobalKey.'));
for (final GlobalKey key in duplicates.keys) {
final Set<Element> elements = duplicates[key]!;
// TODO(jacobr): this will omit the '- ' before each widget name and
// use the more standard whitespace style instead. Please let me know
// if the '- ' style is a feature we want to maintain and we can add
// another tree style that supports it. I also see '* ' in some places
// so it would be nice to unify and normalize.
information.add(Element.describeElements('The key $key was used by ${elements.length} widgets', elements));
}
information.add(ErrorDescription('A GlobalKey can only be specified on one widget at a time in the widget tree.'));
throw FlutterError.fromParts(information);
}
return true;
}());
}
/// Complete the element build pass by unmounting any elements that are no
/// longer active.
///
/// This is called by [WidgetsBinding.drawFrame].
///
/// In debug mode, this also runs some sanity checks, for example checking for
/// duplicate global keys.
///
/// After the current call stack unwinds, a microtask that notifies listeners
/// about changes to global keys will run.
@pragma('vm:notify-debugger-on-exception')
void finalizeTree() {
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Timeline.startSync('FINALIZE TREE');
}
try {
lockState(_inactiveElements._unmountAll); // this unregisters the GlobalKeys
assert(() {
try {
_debugVerifyGlobalKeyReservation();
_debugVerifyIllFatedPopulation();
if (_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans != null &&
_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans!.isNotEmpty) {
final Set<GlobalKey> keys = HashSet<GlobalKey>();
for (final Element element in _debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans!.keys) {
if (element._lifecycleState != _ElementLifecycle.defunct) {
keys.addAll(_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans![element]!);
}
}
if (keys.isNotEmpty) {
final Map<String, int> keyStringCount = HashMap<String, int>();
for (final String key in keys.map<String>((GlobalKey key) => key.toString())) {
if (keyStringCount.containsKey(key)) {
keyStringCount.update(key, (int value) => value + 1);
} else {
keyStringCount[key] = 1;
}
}
final List<String> keyLabels = <String>[];
keyStringCount.forEach((String key, int count) {
if (count == 1) {
keyLabels.add(key);
} else {
keyLabels.add('$key ($count different affected keys had this toString representation)');
}
});
final Iterable<Element> elements = _debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans!.keys;
final Map<String, int> elementStringCount = HashMap<String, int>();
for (final String element in elements.map<String>((Element element) => element.toString())) {
if (elementStringCount.containsKey(element)) {
elementStringCount.update(element, (int value) => value + 1);
} else {
elementStringCount[element] = 1;
}
}
final List<String> elementLabels = <String>[];
elementStringCount.forEach((String element, int count) {
if (count == 1) {
elementLabels.add(element);
} else {
elementLabels.add('$element ($count different affected elements had this toString representation)');
}
});
assert(keyLabels.isNotEmpty);
final String the = keys.length == 1 ? ' the' : '';
final String s = keys.length == 1 ? '' : 's';
final String were = keys.length == 1 ? 'was' : 'were';
final String their = keys.length == 1 ? 'its' : 'their';
final String respective = elementLabels.length == 1 ? '' : ' respective';
final String those = keys.length == 1 ? 'that' : 'those';
final String s2 = elementLabels.length == 1 ? '' : 's';
final String those2 = elementLabels.length == 1 ? 'that' : 'those';
final String they = elementLabels.length == 1 ? 'it' : 'they';
final String think = elementLabels.length == 1 ? 'thinks' : 'think';
final String are = elementLabels.length == 1 ? 'is' : 'are';
// TODO(jacobr): make this error more structured to better expose which widgets had problems.
throw FlutterError.fromParts(<DiagnosticsNode>[
ErrorSummary('Duplicate GlobalKey$s detected in widget tree.'),
// TODO(jacobr): refactor this code so the elements are clickable
// in GUI debug tools.
ErrorDescription(
'The following GlobalKey$s $were specified multiple times in the widget tree. This will lead to '
'parts of the widget tree being truncated unexpectedly, because the second time a key is seen, '
'the previous instance is moved to the new location. The key$s $were:\n'
'- ${keyLabels.join("\n ")}\n'
'This was determined by noticing that after$the widget$s with the above global key$s $were moved '
'out of $their$respective previous parent$s2, $those2 previous parent$s2 never updated during this frame, meaning '
'that $they either did not update at all or updated before the widget$s $were moved, in either case '
'implying that $they still $think that $they should have a child with $those global key$s.\n'
'The specific parent$s2 that did not update after having one or more children forcibly removed '
'due to GlobalKey reparenting $are:\n'
'- ${elementLabels.join("\n ")}'
'\nA GlobalKey can only be specified on one widget at a time in the widget tree.',
),
]);
}
}
} finally {
_debugElementsThatWillNeedToBeRebuiltDueToGlobalKeyShenanigans?.clear();
}
return true;
}());
} catch (e, stack) {
// Catching the exception directly to avoid activating the ErrorWidget.
// Since the tree is in a broken state, adding the ErrorWidget would
// cause more exceptions.
_debugReportException(ErrorSummary('while finalizing the widget tree'), e, stack);
} finally {
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Timeline.finishSync();
}
}
}
/// Cause the entire subtree rooted at the given [Element] to be entirely
/// rebuilt. This is used by development tools when the application code has
/// changed and is being hot-reloaded, to cause the widget tree to pick up any
/// changed implementations.
///
/// This is expensive and should not be called except during development.
void reassemble(Element root, DebugReassembleConfig? reassembleConfig) {
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Timeline.startSync('Preparing Hot Reload (widgets)');
}
try {
assert(root._parent == null);
assert(root.owner == this);
root._debugReassembleConfig = reassembleConfig;
root.reassemble();
} finally {
if (!kReleaseMode) {
Timeline.finishSync();
}
}
}
}
/// Mixin this class to allow receiving [Notification] objects dispatched by
/// child elements.
///
/// See also:
/// * [NotificationListener], for a widget that allows consuming notifications.
mixin NotifiableElementMixin on Element {
/// Called when a notification of the appropriate type arrives at this
/// location in the tree.
///
/// Return true to cancel the notification bubbling. Return false to
/// allow the notification to continue to be dispatched to further ancestors.
bool onNotification(Notification notification);
@override
void attachNotificationTree() {
_notificationTree = _NotificationNode(_parent?._notificationTree, this);
}
}
class _NotificationNode {
_NotificationNode(this.parent, this.current);
NotifiableElementMixin? current;
_NotificationNode? parent;
void dispatchNotification(Notification notification) {
if (current?.onNotification(notification) ?? true) {
return;
}
parent?.dispatchNotification(notification);
}
}
bool _isProfileBuildsEnabledFor(Widget widget) {
return debugProfileBuildsEnabled ||
(debugProfileBuildsEnabledUserWidgets &&
debugIsWidgetLocalCreation(widget));
}
/// An instantiation of a [Widget] at a particular location in the tree.
///
/// Widgets describe how to configure a subtree but the same widget can be used
/// to configure multiple subtrees simultaneously because widgets are immutable.
/// An [Element] represents the use of a widget to configure a specific location
/// in the tree. Over time, the widget associated with a given element can
/// change, for example, if the parent widget rebuilds and creates a new widget
/// for this location.
///
/// Elements form a tree. Most elements have a unique child, but some widgets
/// (e.g., subclasses of [RenderObjectElement]) can have multiple children.
///
/// Elements have the following lifecycle:
///
/// * The framework creates an element by calling [Widget.createElement] on the
/// widget that will be used as the element's initial configuration.
/// * The framework calls [mount] to add the newly created element to the tree
/// at a given slot in a given parent. The [mount] method is responsible for
/// inflating any child widgets and calling [attachRenderObject] as
/// necessary to attach any associated render objects to the render tree.
/// * At this point, the element is considered "active" and might appear on
/// screen.
/// * At some point, the parent might decide to change the widget used to
/// configure this element, for example because the parent rebuilt with new
/// state. When this happens, the framework will call [update] with the new
/// widget. The new widget will always have the same [runtimeType] and key as
/// old widget. If the parent wishes to change the [runtimeType] or key of
/// the widget at this location in the tree, it can do so by unmounting this
/// element and inflating the new widget at this location.
/// * At some point, an ancestor might decide to remove this element (or an
/// intermediate ancestor) from the tree, which the ancestor does by calling
/// [deactivateChild] on itself. Deactivating the intermediate ancestor will
/// remove that element's render object from the render tree and add this
/// element to the [owner]'s list of inactive elements, causing the framework
/// to call [deactivate] on this element.
/// * At this point, the element is considered "inactive" and will not appear
/// on screen. An element can remain in the inactive state only until
/// the end of the current animation frame. At the end of the animation
/// frame, any elements that are still inactive will be unmounted.
/// * If the element gets reincorporated into the tree (e.g., because it or one
/// of its ancestors has a global key that is reused), the framework will
/// remove the element from the [owner]'s list of inactive elements, call
/// [activate] on the element, and reattach the element's render object to
/// the render tree. (At this point, the element is again considered "active"
/// and might appear on screen.)
/// * If the element does not get reincorporated into the tree by the end of
/// the current animation frame, the framework will call [unmount] on the
/// element.
/// * At this point, the element is considered "defunct" and will not be
/// incorporated into the tree in the future.
abstract class Element extends DiagnosticableTree implements BuildContext {
/// Creates an element that uses the given widget as its configuration.
///
/// Typically called by an override of [Widget.createElement].
Element(Widget widget)
: assert(widget != null),
_widget = widget {
if (kFlutterMemoryAllocationsEnabled) {
MemoryAllocations.instance.dispatchObjectCreated(
library: _flutterWidgetsLibrary,
className: '$Element',
object: this,
);
}
}
Element? _parent;
DebugReassembleConfig? _debugReassembleConfig;
_NotificationNode? _notificationTree;
/// Compare two widgets for equality.
///
/// When a widget is rebuilt with another that compares equal according
/// to `operator ==`, it is assumed that the update is redundant and the
/// work to update that branch of the tree is skipped.
///
/// It is generally discouraged to override `operator ==` on any widget that
/// has children, since a correct implementation would have to defer to the
/// children's equality operator also, and that is an O(N²) operation: each
/// child would need to itself walk all its children, each step of the tree.
///
/// It is sometimes reasonable for a leaf widget (one with no children) to
/// implement this method, if rebuilding the widget is known to be much more
/// expensive than checking the widgets' parameters for equality and if the
/// widget is expected to often be rebuilt with identical parameters.
///
/// In general, however, it is more efficient to cache the widgets used
/// in a build method if it is known that they will not change.
@nonVirtual
@override
// ignore: avoid_equals_and_hash_code_on_mutable_classes, hash_and_equals
bool operator ==(Object other) => identical(this, other);
/// Information set by parent to define where this child fits in its parent's
/// child list.
///
/// A child widget's slot is determined when the parent's [updateChild] method
/// is called to inflate the child widget. See [RenderObjectElement] for more
/// details on slots.
Object? get slot => _slot;
Object? _slot;
/// An integer that is guaranteed to be greater than the parent's, if any.
/// The element at the root of the tree must have a depth greater than 0.
int get depth {
assert(() {
if (_lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.initial) {
throw FlutterError('Depth is only available when element has been mounted.');
}
return true;
}());
return _depth;
}
late int _depth;
/// Returns result < 0 when [a] < [b], result == 0 when [a] == [b], result > 0
/// when [a] > [b].
static int _sort(Element a, Element b) {
final int diff = a.depth - b.depth;
// If depths are not equal, return the difference.
if (diff != 0) {
return diff;
}
// If the `dirty` values are not equal, sort with non-dirty elements being
// less than dirty elements.
final bool isBDirty = b.dirty;
if (a.dirty != isBDirty) {
return isBDirty ? -1 : 1;
}
// Otherwise, `depth`s and `dirty`s are equal.
return 0;
}
// Return a numeric encoding of the specific `Element` concrete subtype.
// This is used in `Element.updateChild` to determine if a hot reload modified the
// superclass of a mounted element's configuration. The encoding of each `Element`
// must match the corresponding `Widget` encoding in `Widget._debugConcreteSubtype`.
static int _debugConcreteSubtype(Element element) {
return element is StatefulElement ? 1 :
element is StatelessElement ? 2 :
0;
}
/// The configuration for this element.
///
/// Avoid overriding this field on [Element] subtypes to provide a more
/// specific widget type (i.e. [StatelessElement] and [StatelessWidget]).
/// Instead, cast at any call sites where the more specific type is required.
/// This avoids significant cast overhead on the getter which is accessed
/// throughout the framework internals during the build phase - and for which
/// the more specific type information is not used.
@override
Widget get widget => _widget!;
Widget? _widget;
@override
bool get mounted => _widget != null;
/// Returns true if the Element is defunct.
///
/// This getter always returns false in profile and release builds.
/// See the lifecycle documentation for [Element] for additional information.
bool get debugIsDefunct {
bool isDefunct = false;
assert(() {
isDefunct = _lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.defunct;
return true;
}());
return isDefunct;
}
/// Returns true if the Element is active.
///
/// This getter always returns false in profile and release builds.
/// See the lifecycle documentation for [Element] for additional information.
bool get debugIsActive {
bool isActive = false;
assert(() {
isActive = _lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.active;
return true;
}());
return isActive;
}
/// The object that manages the lifecycle of this element.
@override
BuildOwner? get owner => _owner;
BuildOwner? _owner;
/// {@template flutter.widgets.Element.reassemble}
/// Called whenever the application is reassembled during debugging, for
/// example during hot reload.
///
/// This method should rerun any initialization logic that depends on global
/// state, for example, image loading from asset bundles (since the asset
/// bundle may have changed).
///
/// This function will only be called during development. In release builds,
/// the `ext.flutter.reassemble` hook is not available, and so this code will
/// never execute.
///
/// Implementers should not rely on any ordering for hot reload source update,
/// reassemble, and build methods after a hot reload has been initiated. It is
/// possible that a [Timer] (e.g. an [Animation]) or a debugging session
/// attached to the isolate could trigger a build with reloaded code _before_
/// reassemble is called. Code that expects preconditions to be set by
/// reassemble after a hot reload must be resilient to being called out of
/// order, e.g. by fizzling instead of throwing. That said, once reassemble is
/// called, build will be called after it at least once.
/// {@endtemplate}
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [State.reassemble]
/// * [BindingBase.reassembleApplication]
/// * [Image], which uses this to reload images.
@mustCallSuper
@protected
void reassemble() {
if (_debugShouldReassemble(_debugReassembleConfig, _widget)) {
markNeedsBuild();
_debugReassembleConfig = null;
}
visitChildren((Element child) {
child._debugReassembleConfig = _debugReassembleConfig;
child.reassemble();
});
_debugReassembleConfig = null;
}
bool _debugIsInScope(Element target) {
Element? current = this;
while (current != null) {
if (target == current) {
return true;
}
current = current._parent;
}
return false;
}
/// The render object at (or below) this location in the tree.
///
/// If this object is a [RenderObjectElement], the render object is the one at
/// this location in the tree. Otherwise, this getter will walk down the tree
/// until it finds a [RenderObjectElement].
RenderObject? get renderObject {
RenderObject? result;
void visit(Element element) {
assert(result == null); // this verifies that there's only one child
if (element._lifecycleState == _ElementLifecycle.defunct) {
return;
} else if (element is RenderObjectElement) {
result = element.renderObject;
} else {
element.visitChildren(visit);
}
}
visit(this);
return result;
}
@override
List<DiagnosticsNode> describeMissingAncestor({ required Type expectedAncestorType }) {
final List<DiagnosticsNode> information = <DiagnosticsNode>[];
final List<Element> ancestors = <Element>[];
visitAncestorElements((Element element) {
ancestors.add(element);
return true;
});
information.add(DiagnosticsProperty<Element>(
'The specific widget that could not find a $expectedAncestorType ancestor was'