[video_player] Improve seek performance on Android (#11810)

Adds `backBufferDurationMs` to `VideoPlayerOptions` and configures ExoPlayer's `DefaultLoadControl` to retain the back buffer from keyframes. This significantly improves seek performance and responsiveness during video playback on Android.

iOS already has some kind of back buffering implemented in AVPlayer because the replays and seeks are instantaneous for small videos.

Before:
Replays and seeks on Android for network based video assets involve a network call to fetch the video content. This significantly hampers the user experience.

After:
Replays and seeks on Android (within the back buffer duration) are instant just like in iOS. Improving user experience

This PR partly addresses https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/97428. Not enabling back buffering by default and instead allowing the app to configure as per need. The default behavior will be same as the existing implementation to avoid any regressions. 

## Pre-Review Checklist

packages/video_player/video_player/CHANGELOG.md

diff --git a/packages/video_player/video_player/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/video_player/video_player/CHANGELOG.md
index 4e4c13b..20671d4 100644
--- a/packages/video_player/video_player/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/video_player/video_player/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-## NEXT
+## 2.12.0
 
+* Passes `backBufferDurationMs` from `VideoPlayerOptions` to the underlying platform interface.
 * Updates minimum supported SDK version to Flutter 3.38/Dart 3.10.
 
 ## 2.11.1

packages/video_player/video_player/lib/video_player.dart

diff --git a/packages/video_player/video_player/lib/video_player.dart b/packages/video_player/video_player/lib/video_player.dart
index b287a39..cd5a110 100644
--- a/packages/video_player/video_player/lib/video_player.dart
+++ b/packages/video_player/video_player/lib/video_player.dart
@@ -560,6 +560,7 @@
     final creationOptions = platform_interface.VideoCreationOptions(
       dataSource: dataSourceDescription,
       viewType: viewType,
+      videoPlayerOptions: videoPlayerOptions,
     );
 
     if (videoPlayerOptions?.mixWithOthers != null) {

packages/video_player/video_player/pubspec.yaml

diff --git a/packages/video_player/video_player/pubspec.yaml b/packages/video_player/video_player/pubspec.yaml
index c55f4e8..fcadff7 100644
--- a/packages/video_player/video_player/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/packages/video_player/video_player/pubspec.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
   widgets on Android, iOS, macOS and web.
 repository: https://github.com/flutter/packages/tree/main/packages/video_player/video_player
 issue_tracker: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22p%3A+video_player%22
-version: 2.11.1
+version: 2.12.0
 
 environment:
-  sdk: ^3.10.0
-  flutter: ">=3.38.0"
+  sdk: ^3.12.0
+  flutter: ">=3.44.0"
 
 flutter:
   plugin:
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
   flutter:
     sdk: flutter
   html: ^0.15.0
-  video_player_android: ^2.9.1
+  video_player_android: ^2.11.0
   video_player_avfoundation: ^2.9.0
-  video_player_platform_interface: ^6.6.0
+  video_player_platform_interface: ^6.9.0
   video_player_web: ^2.1.0
 
 dev_dependencies:

packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_initialization_test.dart

diff --git a/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_initialization_test.dart b/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_initialization_test.dart
index 4524e8a..470eb1f 100644
--- a/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_initialization_test.dart
+++ b/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_initialization_test.dart
@@ -73,4 +73,22 @@
       reason: 'view type must be passed to the platform',
     );
   });
+
+  test('back buffer duration is forwarded to platform', () async {
+    const expectedBackBufferDurationMs = 20000;
+
+    final controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
+      Uri.parse('https://127.0.0.1'),
+      videoPlayerOptions: VideoPlayerOptions(backBufferDurationMs: expectedBackBufferDurationMs),
+    );
+
+    await controller.initialize();
+
+    expect(
+      fakeVideoPlayerPlatform.videoPlayerOptions.last?.backBufferDurationMs,
+      expectedBackBufferDurationMs,
+      reason:
+          'backBufferDurationMs must be forwarded to the platform via VideoCreationOptions.videoPlayerOptions',
+    );
+  });
 }

packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_test.dart

diff --git a/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_test.dart b/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_test.dart
index 56cd402..e662dd4 100644
--- a/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_test.dart
+++ b/packages/video_player/video_player/test/video_player_test.dart
@@ -1900,6 +1900,7 @@
   List<DataSource> dataSources = <DataSource>[];
   List<VideoViewType> viewTypes = <VideoViewType>[];
   final Map<int, StreamController<VideoEvent>> streams = <int, StreamController<VideoEvent>>{};
+  List<VideoPlayerOptions?> videoPlayerOptions = <VideoPlayerOptions?>[];
   bool forceInitError = false;
   int nextPlayerId = 0;
   final Map<int, Duration> _positions = <int, Duration>{};
@@ -1943,6 +1944,7 @@
     }
     dataSources.add(options.dataSource);
     viewTypes.add(options.viewType);
+    videoPlayerOptions.add(options.videoPlayerOptions);
     return nextPlayerId++;
   }