src/cocoa_monitor.m - third_party/glfw - Git at Google

 //========================================================================
 // GLFW 3.4 macOS - www.glfw.org
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Marcus Geelnard
 // Copyright (c) 2006-2019 Camilla Löwy <elmindreda@glfw.org>
 //
 // This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
 // warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
 // arising from the use of this software.
 //
 // Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
 // including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
 // freely, subject to the following restrictions:
 //
 // 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
 //    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
 //    in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would
 //    be appreciated but is not required.
 //
 // 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
 //    be misrepresented as being the original software.
 //
 // 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
 //    distribution.
 //
 //========================================================================
 // It is fine to use C99 in this file because it will not be built with VS
 //========================================================================

 #include "internal.h"

 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <math.h>

 #include <IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsLib.h>
 #include <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>


 // Get the name of the specified display, or NULL
 //
 static char* getDisplayName(CGDirectDisplayID displayID)
 {
     io_iterator_t it;
     io_service_t service;
     CFDictionaryRef info;

     if (IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMasterPortDefault,
                                      IOServiceMatching("IODisplayConnect"),
                                      &it) != 0)
     {
         // This may happen if a desktop Mac is running headless
         return NULL;
     }

     while ((service = IOIteratorNext(it)) != 0)
     {
         info = IODisplayCreateInfoDictionary(service,
                                              kIODisplayOnlyPreferredName);

         CFNumberRef vendorIDRef =
             CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayVendorID));
         CFNumberRef productIDRef =
             CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayProductID));
         if (!vendorIDRef || !productIDRef)
         {
             CFRelease(info);
             continue;
         }

         unsigned int vendorID, productID;
         CFNumberGetValue(vendorIDRef, kCFNumberIntType, &vendorID);
         CFNumberGetValue(productIDRef, kCFNumberIntType, &productID);

         if (CGDisplayVendorNumber(displayID) == vendorID &&
             CGDisplayModelNumber(displayID) == productID)
         {
             // Info dictionary is used and freed below
             break;
         }

         CFRelease(info);
     }

     IOObjectRelease(it);

     if (!service)
     {
         _glfwInputError(GLFW_PLATFORM_ERROR,
                         "Cocoa: Failed to find service port for display");
         return NULL;
     }

     CFDictionaryRef names =
         CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayProductName));

     CFStringRef nameRef;

     if (!names || !CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(names, CFSTR("en_US"),
                                                  (const void**) &nameRef))
     {
         // This may happen if a desktop Mac is running headless
         CFRelease(info);
         return NULL;
     }

     const CFIndex size =
         CFStringGetMaximumSizeForEncoding(CFStringGetLength(nameRef),
                                           kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
     char* name = calloc(size + 1, 1);
     CFStringGetCString(nameRef, name, size, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);

     CFRelease(info);
     return name;
 }

 // Check whether the display mode should be included in enumeration
 //
 static GLFWbool modeIsGood(CGDisplayModeRef mode)
 {
     uint32_t flags = CGDisplayModeGetIOFlags(mode);

     if (!(flags & kDisplayModeValidFlag) || !(flags & kDisplayModeSafeFlag))
         return GLFW_FALSE;
     if (flags & kDisplayModeInterlacedFlag)
         return GLFW_FALSE;
     if (flags & kDisplayModeStretchedFlag)
         return GLFW_FALSE;

 #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
     CFStringRef format = CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode);
     if (CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO16BitDirectPixels), 0) &&
         CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO32BitDirectPixels), 0))
     {
         CFRelease(format);
         return GLFW_FALSE;
     }

     CFRelease(format);
 #endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
     return GLFW_TRUE;
 }

 // Convert Core Graphics display mode to GLFW video mode
 //
 static GLFWvidmode vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(CGDisplayModeRef mode,
                                             double fallbackRefreshRate)
 {
     GLFWvidmode result;
     result.width = (int) CGDisplayModeGetWidth(mode);
     result.height = (int) CGDisplayModeGetHeight(mode);
     result.refreshRate = (int) round(CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode));

     if (result.refreshRate == 0)
         result.refreshRate = (int) round(fallbackRefreshRate);

 #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
     CFStringRef format = CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode);
     if (CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO16BitDirectPixels), 0) == 0)
     {
         result.redBits = 5;
         result.greenBits = 5;
         result.blueBits = 5;
     }
     else
 #endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
     {
         result.redBits = 8;
         result.greenBits = 8;
         result.blueBits = 8;
     }

 #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
     CFRelease(format);
 #endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
     return result;
 }

 // Starts reservation for display fading
 //
 static CGDisplayFadeReservationToken beginFadeReservation(void)
 {
     CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken;

     if (CGAcquireDisplayFadeReservation(5, &token) == kCGErrorSuccess)
     {
         CGDisplayFade(token, 0.3,
                       kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
                       kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
                       0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
                       TRUE);
     }

     return token;
 }

 // Ends reservation for display fading
 //
 static void endFadeReservation(CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token)
 {
     if (token != kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken)
     {
         CGDisplayFade(token, 0.5,
                       kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
                       kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
                       0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
                       FALSE);
         CGReleaseDisplayFadeReservation(token);
     }
 }

 // Finds and caches the NSScreen corresponding to the specified monitor
 //
 static GLFWbool refreshMonitorScreen(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
 {
     if (monitor->ns.screen)
         return GLFW_TRUE;

     for (NSScreen* screen in [NSScreen screens])
     {
         NSNumber* displayID = [screen deviceDescription][@"NSScreenNumber"];

         // HACK: Compare unit numbers instead of display IDs to work around
         //       display replacement on machines with automatic graphics
         //       switching
         if (monitor->ns.unitNumber == CGDisplayUnitNumber([displayID unsignedIntValue]))
         {
             monitor->ns.screen = screen;
             return GLFW_TRUE;
         }
     }

     _glfwInputError(GLFW_PLATFORM_ERROR, "Cocoa: Failed to find a screen for monitor");
     return GLFW_FALSE;
 }

 // Returns the display refresh rate queried from the I/O registry
 //
 static double getFallbackRefreshRate(CGDirectDisplayID displayID)
 {
     double refreshRate = 60.0;

     io_iterator_t it;
     io_service_t service;

     if (IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMasterPortDefault,
                                      IOServiceMatching("IOFramebuffer"),
                                      &it) != 0)
     {
         return refreshRate;
     }

     while ((service = IOIteratorNext(it)) != 0)
     {
         const CFNumberRef indexRef =
             IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
                                             CFSTR("IOFramebufferOpenGLIndex"),
                                             kCFAllocatorDefault,
                                             kNilOptions);
         if (!indexRef)
             continue;

         uint32_t index = 0;
         CFNumberGetValue(indexRef, kCFNumberIntType, &index);
         CFRelease(indexRef);

         if (CGOpenGLDisplayMaskToDisplayID(1 << index) != displayID)
             continue;

         const CFNumberRef clockRef =
             IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
                                             CFSTR("IOFBCurrentPixelClock"),
                                             kCFAllocatorDefault,
                                             kNilOptions);
         const CFNumberRef countRef =
             IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
                                             CFSTR("IOFBCurrentPixelCount"),
                                             kCFAllocatorDefault,
                                             kNilOptions);
         if (!clockRef || !countRef)
             break;

         uint32_t clock = 0, count = 0;
         CFNumberGetValue(clockRef, kCFNumberIntType, &clock);
         CFNumberGetValue(countRef, kCFNumberIntType, &count);
         CFRelease(clockRef);
         CFRelease(countRef);

         if (clock > 0 && count > 0)
             refreshRate = clock / (double) count;

         break;
     }

     IOObjectRelease(it);
     return refreshRate;
 }


 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////                       GLFW internal API                      //////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // Poll for changes in the set of connected monitors
 //
 void _glfwPollMonitorsNS(void)
 {
     uint32_t displayCount;
     CGGetOnlineDisplayList(0, NULL, &displayCount);
     CGDirectDisplayID* displays = calloc(displayCount, sizeof(CGDirectDisplayID));
     CGGetOnlineDisplayList(displayCount, displays, &displayCount);

     for (int i = 0;  i < _glfw.monitorCount;  i++)
         _glfw.monitors[i]->ns.screen = nil;

     _GLFWmonitor** disconnected = NULL;
     uint32_t disconnectedCount = _glfw.monitorCount;
     if (disconnectedCount)
     {
         disconnected = calloc(_glfw.monitorCount, sizeof(_GLFWmonitor*));
         memcpy(disconnected,
                _glfw.monitors,
                _glfw.monitorCount * sizeof(_GLFWmonitor*));
     }

     for (uint32_t i = 0;  i < displayCount;  i++)
     {
         if (CGDisplayIsAsleep(displays[i]))
             continue;

         // HACK: Compare unit numbers instead of display IDs to work around
         //       display replacement on machines with automatic graphics
         //       switching
         const uint32_t unitNumber = CGDisplayUnitNumber(displays[i]);
         for (uint32_t j = 0;  j < disconnectedCount;  j++)
         {
             if (disconnected[j] && disconnected[j]->ns.unitNumber == unitNumber)
             {
                 disconnected[j] = NULL;
                 break;
             }
         }

         const CGSize size = CGDisplayScreenSize(displays[i]);
         char* name = getDisplayName(displays[i]);
         if (!name)
             name = _glfw_strdup("Unknown");

         _GLFWmonitor* monitor = _glfwAllocMonitor(name, size.width, size.height);
         monitor->ns.displayID  = displays[i];
         monitor->ns.unitNumber = unitNumber;

         free(name);

         CGDisplayModeRef mode = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(displays[i]);
         if (CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode) == 0.0)
             monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate = getFallbackRefreshRate(displays[i]);
         CGDisplayModeRelease(mode);

         _glfwInputMonitor(monitor, GLFW_CONNECTED, _GLFW_INSERT_LAST);
     }

     for (uint32_t i = 0;  i < disconnectedCount;  i++)
     {
         if (disconnected[i])
             _glfwInputMonitor(disconnected[i], GLFW_DISCONNECTED, 0);
     }

     free(disconnected);
     free(displays);
 }

 // Change the current video mode
 //
 void _glfwSetVideoModeNS(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, const GLFWvidmode* desired)
 {
     GLFWvidmode current;
     _glfwPlatformGetVideoMode(monitor, &current);

     const GLFWvidmode* best = _glfwChooseVideoMode(monitor, desired);
     if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(&current, best) == 0)
         return;

     CFArrayRef modes = CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(monitor->ns.displayID, NULL);
     const CFIndex count = CFArrayGetCount(modes);
     CGDisplayModeRef native = NULL;

     for (CFIndex i = 0;  i < count;  i++)
     {
         CGDisplayModeRef dm = (CGDisplayModeRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(modes, i);
         if (!modeIsGood(dm))
             continue;

         const GLFWvidmode mode =
             vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(dm, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
         if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(best, &mode) == 0)
         {
             native = dm;
             break;
         }
     }

     if (native)
     {
         if (monitor->ns.previousMode == NULL)
             monitor->ns.previousMode = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID);

         CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = beginFadeReservation();
         CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID, native, NULL);
         endFadeReservation(token);
     }

     CFRelease(modes);
 }

 // Restore the previously saved (original) video mode
 //
 void _glfwRestoreVideoModeNS(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
 {
     if (monitor->ns.previousMode)
     {
         CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = beginFadeReservation();
         CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID,
                                 monitor->ns.previousMode, NULL);
         endFadeReservation(token);

         CGDisplayModeRelease(monitor->ns.previousMode);
         monitor->ns.previousMode = NULL;
     }
 }


 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////                       GLFW platform API                      //////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 void _glfwPlatformFreeMonitor(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
 {
 }

 void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorPos(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, int* xpos, int* ypos)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     const CGRect bounds = CGDisplayBounds(monitor->ns.displayID);

     if (xpos)
         *xpos = (int) bounds.origin.x;
     if (ypos)
         *ypos = (int) bounds.origin.y;

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorContentScale(_GLFWmonitor* monitor,
                                          float* xscale, float* yscale)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     if (!refreshMonitorScreen(monitor))
         return;

     const NSRect points = [monitor->ns.screen frame];
     const NSRect pixels = [monitor->ns.screen convertRectToBacking:points];

     if (xscale)
         *xscale = (float) (pixels.size.width / points.size.width);
     if (yscale)
         *yscale = (float) (pixels.size.height / points.size.height);

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorWorkarea(_GLFWmonitor* monitor,
                                      int* xpos, int* ypos,
                                      int* width, int* height)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     if (!refreshMonitorScreen(monitor))
         return;

     const NSRect frameRect = [monitor->ns.screen visibleFrame];

     if (xpos)
         *xpos = frameRect.origin.x;
     if (ypos)
         *ypos = _glfwTransformYNS(frameRect.origin.y + frameRect.size.height - 1);
     if (width)
         *width = frameRect.size.width;
     if (height)
         *height = frameRect.size.height;

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 GLFWvidmode* _glfwPlatformGetVideoModes(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, int* count)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     *count = 0;

     CFArrayRef modes = CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(monitor->ns.displayID, NULL);
     const CFIndex found = CFArrayGetCount(modes);
     GLFWvidmode* result = calloc(found, sizeof(GLFWvidmode));

     for (CFIndex i = 0;  i < found;  i++)
     {
         CGDisplayModeRef dm = (CGDisplayModeRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(modes, i);
         if (!modeIsGood(dm))
             continue;

         const GLFWvidmode mode =
             vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(dm, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
         CFIndex j;

         for (j = 0;  j < *count;  j++)
         {
             if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(result + j, &mode) == 0)
                 break;
         }

         // Skip duplicate modes
         if (i < *count)
             continue;

         (*count)++;
         result[*count - 1] = mode;
     }

     CFRelease(modes);
     return result;

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 void _glfwPlatformGetVideoMode(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, GLFWvidmode *mode)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     CGDisplayModeRef native = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID);
     *mode = vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(native, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
     CGDisplayModeRelease(native);

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 GLFWbool _glfwPlatformGetGammaRamp(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, GLFWgammaramp* ramp)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     uint32_t size = CGDisplayGammaTableCapacity(monitor->ns.displayID);
     CGGammaValue* values = calloc(size * 3, sizeof(CGGammaValue));

     CGGetDisplayTransferByTable(monitor->ns.displayID,
                                 size,
                                 values,
                                 values + size,
                                 values + size * 2,
                                 &size);

     _glfwAllocGammaArrays(ramp, size);

     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
     {
         ramp->red[i]   = (unsigned short) (values[i] * 65535);
         ramp->green[i] = (unsigned short) (values[i + size] * 65535);
         ramp->blue[i]  = (unsigned short) (values[i + size * 2] * 65535);
     }

     free(values);
     return GLFW_TRUE;

     } // autoreleasepool
 }

 void _glfwPlatformSetGammaRamp(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, const GLFWgammaramp* ramp)
 {
     @autoreleasepool {

     CGGammaValue* values = calloc(ramp->size * 3, sizeof(CGGammaValue));

     for (unsigned int i = 0;  i < ramp->size;  i++)
     {
         values[i]                  = ramp->red[i] / 65535.f;
         values[i + ramp->size]     = ramp->green[i] / 65535.f;
         values[i + ramp->size * 2] = ramp->blue[i] / 65535.f;
     }

     CGSetDisplayTransferByTable(monitor->ns.displayID,
                                 ramp->size,
                                 values,
                                 values + ramp->size,
                                 values + ramp->size * 2);

     free(values);

     } // autoreleasepool
 }


 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////                        GLFW native API                       //////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 GLFWAPI CGDirectDisplayID glfwGetCocoaMonitor(GLFWmonitor* handle)
 {
     _GLFWmonitor* monitor = (_GLFWmonitor*) handle;
     _GLFW_REQUIRE_INIT_OR_RETURN(kCGNullDirectDisplay);
     return monitor->ns.displayID;
 }
	//========================================================================
	// GLFW 3.4 macOS - www.glfw.org
	//------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Marcus Geelnard
	// Copyright (c) 2006-2019 Camilla Löwy <elmindreda@glfw.org>
	//
	// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
	// warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
	// arising from the use of this software.
	//
	// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
	// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
	// freely, subject to the following restrictions:
	//
	// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
	// claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
	// in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would
	// be appreciated but is not required.
	//
	// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
	// be misrepresented as being the original software.
	//
	// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
	// distribution.
	//
	//========================================================================
	// It is fine to use C99 in this file because it will not be built with VS
	//========================================================================

	#include "internal.h"

	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <limits.h>
	#include <math.h>

	#include <IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsLib.h>
	#include <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>


	// Get the name of the specified display, or NULL
	//
	static char* getDisplayName(CGDirectDisplayID displayID)
	{
	io_iterator_t it;
	io_service_t service;
	CFDictionaryRef info;

	if (IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMasterPortDefault,
	IOServiceMatching("IODisplayConnect"),
	&it) != 0)
	{
	// This may happen if a desktop Mac is running headless
	return NULL;
	}

	while ((service = IOIteratorNext(it)) != 0)
	{
	info = IODisplayCreateInfoDictionary(service,
	kIODisplayOnlyPreferredName);

	CFNumberRef vendorIDRef =
	CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayVendorID));
	CFNumberRef productIDRef =
	CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayProductID));
	if (!vendorIDRef \|\| !productIDRef)
	{
	CFRelease(info);
	continue;
	}

	unsigned int vendorID, productID;
	CFNumberGetValue(vendorIDRef, kCFNumberIntType, &vendorID);
	CFNumberGetValue(productIDRef, kCFNumberIntType, &productID);

	if (CGDisplayVendorNumber(displayID) == vendorID &&
	CGDisplayModelNumber(displayID) == productID)
	{
	// Info dictionary is used and freed below
	break;
	}

	CFRelease(info);
	}

	IOObjectRelease(it);

	if (!service)
	{
	_glfwInputError(GLFW_PLATFORM_ERROR,
	"Cocoa: Failed to find service port for display");
	return NULL;
	}

	CFDictionaryRef names =
	CFDictionaryGetValue(info, CFSTR(kDisplayProductName));

	CFStringRef nameRef;

	if (!names \|\| !CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(names, CFSTR("en_US"),
	(const void**) &nameRef))
	{
	// This may happen if a desktop Mac is running headless
	CFRelease(info);
	return NULL;
	}

	const CFIndex size =
	CFStringGetMaximumSizeForEncoding(CFStringGetLength(nameRef),
	kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
	char* name = calloc(size + 1, 1);
	CFStringGetCString(nameRef, name, size, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);

	CFRelease(info);
	return name;
	}

	// Check whether the display mode should be included in enumeration
	//
	static GLFWbool modeIsGood(CGDisplayModeRef mode)
	{
	uint32_t flags = CGDisplayModeGetIOFlags(mode);

	if (!(flags & kDisplayModeValidFlag) \|\| !(flags & kDisplayModeSafeFlag))
	return GLFW_FALSE;
	if (flags & kDisplayModeInterlacedFlag)
	return GLFW_FALSE;
	if (flags & kDisplayModeStretchedFlag)
	return GLFW_FALSE;

	#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
	CFStringRef format = CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode);
	if (CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO16BitDirectPixels), 0) &&
	CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO32BitDirectPixels), 0))
	{
	CFRelease(format);
	return GLFW_FALSE;
	}

	CFRelease(format);
	#endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
	return GLFW_TRUE;
	}

	// Convert Core Graphics display mode to GLFW video mode
	//
	static GLFWvidmode vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(CGDisplayModeRef mode,
	double fallbackRefreshRate)
	{
	GLFWvidmode result;
	result.width = (int) CGDisplayModeGetWidth(mode);
	result.height = (int) CGDisplayModeGetHeight(mode);
	result.refreshRate = (int) round(CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode));

	if (result.refreshRate == 0)
	result.refreshRate = (int) round(fallbackRefreshRate);

	#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
	CFStringRef format = CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode);
	if (CFStringCompare(format, CFSTR(IO16BitDirectPixels), 0) == 0)
	{
	result.redBits = 5;
	result.greenBits = 5;
	result.blueBits = 5;
	}
	else
	#endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
	{
	result.redBits = 8;
	result.greenBits = 8;
	result.blueBits = 8;
	}

	#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 101100
	CFRelease(format);
	#endif /* MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED */
	return result;
	}

	// Starts reservation for display fading
	//
	static CGDisplayFadeReservationToken beginFadeReservation(void)
	{
	CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken;

	if (CGAcquireDisplayFadeReservation(5, &token) == kCGErrorSuccess)
	{
	CGDisplayFade(token, 0.3,
	kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
	kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
	0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
	TRUE);
	}

	return token;
	}

	// Ends reservation for display fading
	//
	static void endFadeReservation(CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token)
	{
	if (token != kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken)
	{
	CGDisplayFade(token, 0.5,
	kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
	kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
	0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
	FALSE);
	CGReleaseDisplayFadeReservation(token);
	}
	}

	// Finds and caches the NSScreen corresponding to the specified monitor
	//
	static GLFWbool refreshMonitorScreen(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
	{
	if (monitor->ns.screen)
	return GLFW_TRUE;

	for (NSScreen* screen in [NSScreen screens])
	{
	NSNumber* displayID = [screen deviceDescription][@"NSScreenNumber"];

	// HACK: Compare unit numbers instead of display IDs to work around
	// display replacement on machines with automatic graphics
	// switching
	if (monitor->ns.unitNumber == CGDisplayUnitNumber([displayID unsignedIntValue]))
	{
	monitor->ns.screen = screen;
	return GLFW_TRUE;
	}
	}

	_glfwInputError(GLFW_PLATFORM_ERROR, "Cocoa: Failed to find a screen for monitor");
	return GLFW_FALSE;
	}

	// Returns the display refresh rate queried from the I/O registry
	//
	static double getFallbackRefreshRate(CGDirectDisplayID displayID)
	{
	double refreshRate = 60.0;

	io_iterator_t it;
	io_service_t service;

	if (IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMasterPortDefault,
	IOServiceMatching("IOFramebuffer"),
	&it) != 0)
	{
	return refreshRate;
	}

	while ((service = IOIteratorNext(it)) != 0)
	{
	const CFNumberRef indexRef =
	IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
	CFSTR("IOFramebufferOpenGLIndex"),
	kCFAllocatorDefault,
	kNilOptions);
	if (!indexRef)
	continue;

	uint32_t index = 0;
	CFNumberGetValue(indexRef, kCFNumberIntType, &index);
	CFRelease(indexRef);

	if (CGOpenGLDisplayMaskToDisplayID(1 << index) != displayID)
	continue;

	const CFNumberRef clockRef =
	IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
	CFSTR("IOFBCurrentPixelClock"),
	kCFAllocatorDefault,
	kNilOptions);
	const CFNumberRef countRef =
	IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(service,
	CFSTR("IOFBCurrentPixelCount"),
	kCFAllocatorDefault,
	kNilOptions);
	if (!clockRef \|\| !countRef)
	break;

	uint32_t clock = 0, count = 0;
	CFNumberGetValue(clockRef, kCFNumberIntType, &clock);
	CFNumberGetValue(countRef, kCFNumberIntType, &count);
	CFRelease(clockRef);
	CFRelease(countRef);

	if (clock > 0 && count > 0)
	refreshRate = clock / (double) count;

	break;
	}

	IOObjectRelease(it);
	return refreshRate;
	}


	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	////// GLFW internal API //////
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// Poll for changes in the set of connected monitors
	//
	void _glfwPollMonitorsNS(void)
	{
	uint32_t displayCount;
	CGGetOnlineDisplayList(0, NULL, &displayCount);
	CGDirectDisplayID* displays = calloc(displayCount, sizeof(CGDirectDisplayID));
	CGGetOnlineDisplayList(displayCount, displays, &displayCount);

	for (int i = 0; i < _glfw.monitorCount; i++)
	_glfw.monitors[i]->ns.screen = nil;

	_GLFWmonitor** disconnected = NULL;
	uint32_t disconnectedCount = _glfw.monitorCount;
	if (disconnectedCount)
	{
	disconnected = calloc(_glfw.monitorCount, sizeof(_GLFWmonitor*));
	memcpy(disconnected,
	_glfw.monitors,
	_glfw.monitorCount * sizeof(_GLFWmonitor*));
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < displayCount; i++)
	{
	if (CGDisplayIsAsleep(displays[i]))
	continue;

	// HACK: Compare unit numbers instead of display IDs to work around
	// display replacement on machines with automatic graphics
	// switching
	const uint32_t unitNumber = CGDisplayUnitNumber(displays[i]);
	for (uint32_t j = 0; j < disconnectedCount; j++)
	{
	if (disconnected[j] && disconnected[j]->ns.unitNumber == unitNumber)
	{
	disconnected[j] = NULL;
	break;
	}
	}

	const CGSize size = CGDisplayScreenSize(displays[i]);
	char* name = getDisplayName(displays[i]);
	if (!name)
	name = _glfw_strdup("Unknown");

	_GLFWmonitor* monitor = _glfwAllocMonitor(name, size.width, size.height);
	monitor->ns.displayID = displays[i];
	monitor->ns.unitNumber = unitNumber;

	free(name);

	CGDisplayModeRef mode = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(displays[i]);
	if (CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode) == 0.0)
	monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate = getFallbackRefreshRate(displays[i]);
	CGDisplayModeRelease(mode);

	_glfwInputMonitor(monitor, GLFW_CONNECTED, _GLFW_INSERT_LAST);
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < disconnectedCount; i++)
	{
	if (disconnected[i])
	_glfwInputMonitor(disconnected[i], GLFW_DISCONNECTED, 0);
	}

	free(disconnected);
	free(displays);
	}

	// Change the current video mode
	//
	void _glfwSetVideoModeNS(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, const GLFWvidmode* desired)
	{
	GLFWvidmode current;
	_glfwPlatformGetVideoMode(monitor, &current);

	const GLFWvidmode* best = _glfwChooseVideoMode(monitor, desired);
	if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(&current, best) == 0)
	return;

	CFArrayRef modes = CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(monitor->ns.displayID, NULL);
	const CFIndex count = CFArrayGetCount(modes);
	CGDisplayModeRef native = NULL;

	for (CFIndex i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
	CGDisplayModeRef dm = (CGDisplayModeRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(modes, i);
	if (!modeIsGood(dm))
	continue;

	const GLFWvidmode mode =
	vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(dm, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
	if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(best, &mode) == 0)
	{
	native = dm;
	break;
	}
	}

	if (native)
	{
	if (monitor->ns.previousMode == NULL)
	monitor->ns.previousMode = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID);

	CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = beginFadeReservation();
	CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID, native, NULL);
	endFadeReservation(token);
	}

	CFRelease(modes);
	}

	// Restore the previously saved (original) video mode
	//
	void _glfwRestoreVideoModeNS(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
	{
	if (monitor->ns.previousMode)
	{
	CGDisplayFadeReservationToken token = beginFadeReservation();
	CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID,
	monitor->ns.previousMode, NULL);
	endFadeReservation(token);

	CGDisplayModeRelease(monitor->ns.previousMode);
	monitor->ns.previousMode = NULL;
	}
	}


	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	////// GLFW platform API //////
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	void _glfwPlatformFreeMonitor(_GLFWmonitor* monitor)
	{
	}

	void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorPos(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, int* xpos, int* ypos)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	const CGRect bounds = CGDisplayBounds(monitor->ns.displayID);

	if (xpos)
	*xpos = (int) bounds.origin.x;
	if (ypos)
	*ypos = (int) bounds.origin.y;

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorContentScale(_GLFWmonitor* monitor,
	float* xscale, float* yscale)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	if (!refreshMonitorScreen(monitor))
	return;

	const NSRect points = [monitor->ns.screen frame];
	const NSRect pixels = [monitor->ns.screen convertRectToBacking:points];

	if (xscale)
	*xscale = (float) (pixels.size.width / points.size.width);
	if (yscale)
	*yscale = (float) (pixels.size.height / points.size.height);

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	void _glfwPlatformGetMonitorWorkarea(_GLFWmonitor* monitor,
	int* xpos, int* ypos,
	int* width, int* height)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	if (!refreshMonitorScreen(monitor))
	return;

	const NSRect frameRect = [monitor->ns.screen visibleFrame];

	if (xpos)
	*xpos = frameRect.origin.x;
	if (ypos)
	*ypos = _glfwTransformYNS(frameRect.origin.y + frameRect.size.height - 1);
	if (width)
	*width = frameRect.size.width;
	if (height)
	*height = frameRect.size.height;

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	GLFWvidmode* _glfwPlatformGetVideoModes(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, int* count)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	*count = 0;

	CFArrayRef modes = CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(monitor->ns.displayID, NULL);
	const CFIndex found = CFArrayGetCount(modes);
	GLFWvidmode* result = calloc(found, sizeof(GLFWvidmode));

	for (CFIndex i = 0; i < found; i++)
	{
	CGDisplayModeRef dm = (CGDisplayModeRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(modes, i);
	if (!modeIsGood(dm))
	continue;

	const GLFWvidmode mode =
	vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(dm, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
	CFIndex j;

	for (j = 0; j < *count; j++)
	{
	if (_glfwCompareVideoModes(result + j, &mode) == 0)
	break;
	}

	// Skip duplicate modes
	if (i < *count)
	continue;

	(*count)++;
	result[*count - 1] = mode;
	}

	CFRelease(modes);
	return result;

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	void _glfwPlatformGetVideoMode(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, GLFWvidmode *mode)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	CGDisplayModeRef native = CGDisplayCopyDisplayMode(monitor->ns.displayID);
	*mode = vidmodeFromCGDisplayMode(native, monitor->ns.fallbackRefreshRate);
	CGDisplayModeRelease(native);

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	GLFWbool _glfwPlatformGetGammaRamp(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, GLFWgammaramp* ramp)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	uint32_t size = CGDisplayGammaTableCapacity(monitor->ns.displayID);
	CGGammaValue* values = calloc(size * 3, sizeof(CGGammaValue));

	CGGetDisplayTransferByTable(monitor->ns.displayID,
	size,
	values,
	values + size,
	values + size * 2,
	&size);

	_glfwAllocGammaArrays(ramp, size);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
	ramp->red[i] = (unsigned short) (values[i] * 65535);
	ramp->green[i] = (unsigned short) (values[i + size] * 65535);
	ramp->blue[i] = (unsigned short) (values[i + size * 2] * 65535);
	}

	free(values);
	return GLFW_TRUE;

	} // autoreleasepool
	}

	void _glfwPlatformSetGammaRamp(_GLFWmonitor* monitor, const GLFWgammaramp* ramp)
	{
	@autoreleasepool {

	CGGammaValue* values = calloc(ramp->size * 3, sizeof(CGGammaValue));

	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ramp->size; i++)
	{
	values[i] = ramp->red[i] / 65535.f;
	values[i + ramp->size] = ramp->green[i] / 65535.f;
	values[i + ramp->size * 2] = ramp->blue[i] / 65535.f;
	}

	CGSetDisplayTransferByTable(monitor->ns.displayID,
	ramp->size,
	values,
	values + ramp->size,
	values + ramp->size * 2);

	free(values);

	} // autoreleasepool
	}


	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	////// GLFW native API //////
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	GLFWAPI CGDirectDisplayID glfwGetCocoaMonitor(GLFWmonitor* handle)
	{
	_GLFWmonitor* monitor = (_GLFWmonitor*) handle;
	_GLFW_REQUIRE_INIT_OR_RETURN(kCGNullDirectDisplay);
	return monitor->ns.displayID;
	}